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Experimental Investigation of the Stability of the Performance Characteristics of a Photovoltaic Module in the Face of Environmental and Meteorological Factors

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2024年第2期14卷 589-608页

作者： Adingra Paul Arsène Kouassi Siaka Touré diakaridja Traoré laboratoire des Sciences de la Matière de l’Environnement et de l’Energie Solaire (LASMES) Unité de Formation et de Recherche des Sciences des Structures de la Matière et Technologie (UFR-SSMT) Université Félix Houphou&#235t Boigny Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire

The explosive technological improvement of photovoltaic systems as well as the necessity of populations to come to less expensive energy sources, that have led to an implosion at the level of solar panel manufacturers. This causes a large flow of these equipments to developing countries where the need is high, without any quality control. That conducted an experimental investigation on the performance characteristics of a 250 wp monocrystalline silicon photovoltaic module in other to check the verification and quality control. Most of these PV panels which often have missing informations are manufactured and tested in places that are inadequate for our environmental and meteorological conditions. Also, their influences on the stability of internal parameters were evaluated in order to optimize their performance. The results obtained at maximum illumination (1000 w/m2) confirmed those produced by the manufacturer. The analysis of these characteristics showed that the illumination and the temperature (meteorological factors) influenced at most the stability of the internal characteristics of the module in the sense that the maximum power increased very rapidly beyond 750 w/m2 but a degradation of performance was accentuated for a temperature of the solar cells exceeding 50°C. The degradation coefficients were evaluated at -0.0864 V/°C for the voltage and at -1.6248 w/°C for the power. The 10° inclination angle of the solar panel proved to be ideal for optimizing overall efficiency in practical situations.

关键词： Renewables energies Instruments Internal Parameters of Photovoltaic Panel Monocrystalline Photovoltaic Panel Solar Energy Production Energy Intermittence

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Climate Services Elaboration for Cocoa Cultivation in Côte d’Ivoire: Contribution of CORdEX Climate Projections

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第3期15卷 358-375页

作者： Adama Bamba Fidèle Yoroba N’datchoh Evelyne Toure Kouakou Kouadio Mory Ouattara Kakou M’bo Mamadou Cherif daouda Kone Arona diedhiou laboratoire des sciences de la Matière de l’Environnement et de l’Energie Solaire (LASMES) Université Félix Houphou&#235t Boigny Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire Centre d’Excellence Africain en Changement Climatique Biodiversité et Agriculture Durable (CCBAD) Université Félix Houphou&#235t Boigny Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire laboratoire Mixte International Climat-Eau-Energy-Agriculture Université Félix Houphou&#235t Boigny Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire Station Géophysique de LAMTO N’Douci C&#244te d’Ivoire UFR Bioscience Université Félix Houphou&#235t Boigny Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire Université Grenoble Alpes IRD CNRS Grenoble-INP IGE Grenoble France

This study assessed the contribution of climate projections to improving rainfall information for cocoa crops in the central and southern regions of Côte d’Ivoire. Particular attention was paid to fourteen localities in these two climatic zones. Simulation data were obtained from the CORdEX ensemble and observation data from CHIRPS. They cover the period 1991-2005 for the reference period and the future period from 2021 to 2050 for the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios. In addition, the study was based on the water requirements necessary during the critical phase of the cocoa tree (the flowering phase) for a good yield from the cocoa production chain on the one hand, and on a selection of three climate indices Cdd, CWd and r95PTOT to study their spatio-temporal changes over two future periods 2021-2035 (near future) and 2036-2050 (medium-term) on the other. These climatic indices influence cocoa cultivation and their use in studies of climatic impacts on agriculture is of prime importance. The analysis of their spatio-temporal changes in this work also contributes to providing climate services based on rainfall, to which cocoa crops are highly sensitive. Our results show that the Cdd and CWd indices vary from one region to another depending on latitude. For the fourteen localities studied, the number of consecutive dry days (Cdd) could increase between now and 2050, while the number of consecutive wet days (CWd) could decrease over the period 2021-2035 and then increase over the period 2036-2050. The localities of Tabou, Aboisso and San-Pedro record high numbers of Cdd index and CWd index for both projection scenarios. In comparison with the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios, these results show that the RCP8.5 scenarios are having an impact on cocoa growing in Côte d’Ivoire.

关键词： Cocoa RCP4.5 RCP8.5 Climate Indices Côte d’ivoire

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Modeling of Coupled Heat and Mass Transfer in a Trapezoidal Porous Bed on a Grid

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Open Journal of Fluid dynamics 2023年第1期13卷 1-15页

作者： Kokou N’Wuitcha Gagnon Koffi Apedanou Yendoubé Lare Kossi Napo laboratoire sur l’energie solaire Groupe Phénomènes de Transfert et Energétique (LES-GPTE) Faculté des Sciences Université de Lomé Lomé Togo laboratoire sur l’energie solaire Chair Unesco Faculté des Sciences Université de Lomé Lomé Togo

We investigate heat and mass transfer in an isosceles trapezoidal cavity, filled with charcoal considered as a granular porous medium. The darcy-Brinkman-Forchheimer flow model is coupled to the energy and mass equations with the assumption of non-thermal equilibrium. These equations are discretized by the finite volume method with an offset mesh and then solved by the line-by-line method of Thomas. The coupling between pressure and velocity is obtained by Semi-Implicit Method for Pressure Linked Equations. (SIMPLE) algorithm. The results show that the temperature in the cavity increases when the inclination angle of the sides walls decreases. The 15° inclination is selected as being able to offer better thermal performance in the cookstove combustion chamber.

关键词： Heat and Mass Transfer Isosceles Trapezoidal Cavity Porous Medium Finite Volume Method SIMPLE Algorithm

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Numerical Study of Mixed Convection in an Isosceles Trapezoidal Cavity with Several Outlets: Application for Primary Air draft in ASUTO Charcoal Stove

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Modern Mechanical Engineering 2022年第2期12卷 45-61页

作者： Gagnon Koffi Apedanou Kokou N’wuitcha Yendoubé Lare Kossi Napo laboratoire sur l’energie solaire Chair Unesco Faculté des Sciences Université de Lomé Lomé Togo laboratoire sur l’energie solaire Groupe Phénomènes de Transfert et Energétique (LES-GPTE) Faculté des Sciences Université de Lomé Lomé Togo

Mixed convection of heat and mass transfer in an isosceles trapezoidal cavity has been studied numerically. Constant heat flux is imposed through four outlets and the grid is insulated. The inclined walls are maintained in natural convection while the lower horizontal wall is adiabatic. These conditions reflect the air draft zone of the ASUTO charcoal stove. The governing two-di- mensional flow equations have been solved by using the finite difference method and Thomas’s algorithm. The investigations are conducted for different values of Richardson (Ri), Reynolds number (Re) and inclination angles of sidewalls. The results are presented in terms of streamlines, isotherms, moisture contours. It was found that for Reynolds number (Re) equal to 100, the flow pattern is strongly dependent on the inclination angle and Richardson number. Thus, for high Richardson number (Ri) values (10, 100), the dominance of natural convection over the flow structure decreases with the decreasing of the inclination angle of sidewalls of the cavity. For Ri = 1, an optimum air draft corresponds to an inclination angle in the vicinity of 22° while for Ri = 10 or 100 (in dominance of natural convection), the optimum inclination angle for air draft is in the vicinity of 15°.

关键词： Mixed Convection Heat and Mass Transfer Trapezoidal Cavity ASUTO Charcoal Stove Richardson Number Several Outlets

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Prediction model for the diffusion length in silicon-based solar cells

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Journal of Semiconductors 2009年第7期30卷 3-6页

作者： Cheknane A Benouaz T laboratoire d'etude et dveloppement des Matriaux semiconducteurs et dilectrques Universit Amar Telidji de Laghouat laboratoire de Modlisation UniversitAbou BakarBelkaid de Tlemcen Algrie

A novel approach to compute diffusion lengths in solar cells is presented. Thus, a simulation is done; it aims to give computational support to the general development of a neural networks （NNs）, which is a very powerful predictive modelling technique used to predict the diffusion length in mono-crystalline silicon solar cells. Furthermore, the computation of the diffusion length and the comparison with measurement data, using the infrared injection method, are presented and discussed.

关键词： diffusion length minority-cartier lifetime infrared injection solar cell prediction modelling

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Proximate Analysis of Alternatives Cooking Solides Fuels in Sub Saharan by Using Astm Standards

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International Journal of Clean Coal and Energy 2022年第1期11卷 1-12页

作者： André Ndecky Pierre W. Tavares Aliou Senghor Moustapha Kane Hawa Ndiath Issakha Youm Centre d’etudes et de Recherches sur les energies Renouvelables (CERER) Dakar Sénégal laboratoire des Semi-Conducteurs et d’energie solaire (LASES) Département de Physique Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Uni-versité Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar Dakar Sénégal

A number of persistent problems have been associated with the supply of traditional domestic fuels in developing countries and particularly in rural areas, including deforestation, scarcity of fuel wood and the high cost of fossil fuels. The use of biomass fuels derived from agricultural waste biomass, generally available in large quantities, has been advocated. This article, therefore, presents some bio-fuels in use or in acceptability test phase in some countries of West Africa and particularly in Senegal but also their characteristics, compared to those of wood or wood charcoal. Samples were prepared and analyzed for moisture content, ash content, volatiles mater, fixed carbon and calorific value. The results indicate that charcoal and bio-charcoal (not mixed with clay) have the best calorific value, while pellets and typha briquettes have the best results in volatile matter and fixed carbon. The results of moisture are generally satisfactory against the use of clay as a binder detrimental to fuel performance. These results suggest that pellets and bio-fuels are used as an energy source for domestic purposes;that the binder is changed in others;pelletizing and briquetting transformations are expanded in other residues such as rice husks, peanut shells.

关键词： Biomass Proximate Analysis Calorific Values

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detection of Rice Yellow Mottle at the Asymptomatic Stage by Hyperspectral Fluorescence and Reflectance Spectroscopies

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Optics and Photonics Journal 2023年第4期13卷 63-78页

作者： Amara Kamate Penetjiligué Adama Soro Emma Georgina Zoro-diama Kedro Sidiki diomandé Adjo Viviane Adohi-Krou laboratoire des Sciences de la Matière de l’Environnement et de l’Energie Solaire (LASMES) Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny Abidjan Côte d’Ivoire Centre National de Recherche Agronomique (CNRA) Adiopodoumé Côte d’Ivoire

Rice yellow mottle is considered the most destructive disease threatening rice production in Africa. Early detection of this infection in rice is essential to limit its expansion and proliferation. However, there is no research devoted to the spectral detection of rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV) infection, especially in the asymptomatic or early stages. This work proposes the use of hyperspectral fluorescence and reflectance data at leaf level for the detection of this disease in asymptomatic stages. A greenhouse experiment was therefore conducted to collect hyperspectral fluorescence and reflectance data at different stages of infection. These data allowed to calculate nine vegetation indices: one from fluorescence spectra and eight from reflectance spectra. A t-test made it possible to identify, from the second day after infection, four relevant reflectance vegetation indices to discriminate healthy leaves from those infected: these are Photochemical Reflectance Index (PRI), Transformed Chlorophyll Absorption in Reflectance Index (TCARI), Structure Intensive Pigment Index (SIPI) and Simple Ratio Pigment Index (SRPI). The fluorescence index was less sensitive in detecting infection. The four significant vegetation indices for the detection of RYMV were then used to build and evaluate models for discriminating plants according to their health status by the supervised classification of support vector machine (SVM) at different stages of infection. The maximum overall accuracy is 92.5% six days after inoculation (6 dAI). The sixth day after inoculation would be the adequate day to detect RYMV. This plants discrimination was validated by the mean reflectance spectra and by the histograms showing the differences between the average reflectance vegetation indices values of the two types of plants. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of differentiating RYMV-infected samples. They suggest that support vector machine learning models could be developed to diagnose RYMV-i

关键词： Rice Yellow Mottle Virus Fluorescence Spectra Reflectance Spectra Vegetation Indices SVM Classification Savitzky Golay Filtering

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Water Stress Early detection of Eggplant Plants by Hyperspectral Fluorescence Spectroscopy

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2023年第3期13卷 343-354页

作者： Amara Kamate Penetjiligué Adama Soro Emma Georgina Zoro-diama Kedro Sidiki diomande Adjo Viviane Adohi-Krou laboratoire des Sciences de la Matière de l’Environnement et de l’Energie Solaire (LASMES) Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny Abidjan Côte d’Ivoire Centre National de Recherche Agronomique (CNRA) Adiopodoumé Côte d’Ivoire

Water stress early detection is essential for precision farming to improve crop productivity and product quality. The methods usually used are destructive, long and expensive. In this work, we used hyperspectral chlorophyll fluorescence technology as a rapid, non-destructive approach to detect the water deficiency of eggplant plants using their spectral footprint. So, an experiment was made on 54 eggplant plants subjected to three water treatments: normal irrigation (T100), intermediate irrigation (T50) and no irrigation (T0). The fluorescence spectra were acquired in vivo and in situ using a USB4000 spectrometer from Ocean optics. For the classification of the plants subjected to three water treatments, we used three pretreatments of the raw hyperspectral data in order to suppress the non-informative variability present in these spectra and to obtain robust models. These are the Savitzky-Golay smoothing (SG), the standard normal variable (SNV) and the first derivative of Savitzky-Golay (SG-d1). The preprocessed data were then subjected to two partial least squares discriminant analyses (PLS-dA): Hard PLS-dA and Soft PLS-dA. These statistical approaches are suitable for large samples as it reduces the dimensionality of the data but improves the accuracy of the prediction. The SG-d1 combined with the Soft PLS-dA gave the best discrimination of plants with scores of sensitivity, specificity and total efficiency respectively of 97.33%, 94% and 95% for calibration, 6 days after hydric stress induction. For the plants used for the prediction, the scores are 86%, 91% and 90% respectively. This study shows that hyperspectral chlorophyll fluorescence spectroscopy is a fast and non-destructive technology allowing early detection of water stress in eggplant plants.

关键词： Chlorophyll Fluorescence Eggplant Water Stress Water deficiency PLS-dA

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Assessment of Radioactivity in Borehole Waters of the North Riviera Sodeci Catchment Field in Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire

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World Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology 2022年第1期12卷 55-68页

作者： Epi Zita Tatiana Kocola Achi Bogbé douo Louis Huberson Gogon Koudou djagouri Marie Chantal Kouassi Goffri laboratoire des Sciences de la Matière Environnement et de l’Energie Solaire (LASMES) Université Felix Houphouet Boigny Abidjan C&#244 te d’Ivoire Autorité de Radioprotection de Sureté et de sécurité Nucléaire Abidjan C&#244 te d’Ivoire Ecole Normale Superieure d’Abidjan Abidjan C&#244 te d’Ivoire

The radioactive isotopes of the decay series of uranium-238 (238U), thorium-232 (232Th) and potassium-40 (40K) occur naturally in varying amounts in groundwater. They are the subject of many measures, mainly because of the risk they represent from a public health point of view. The purpose of this study is to measure the radioisotope content of borehole waters from the north riviera (NR) catchment field of the Ivorian drinking water distribution company (SOdECI). These measurements will make it possible to assess the absolute levels of radioisotopes in the water from SOdECI’s boreholes used directly for drinking or swimming, and possibly the associated risk from a public health point of view. To achieve this, a sampling campaign from the seven functional boreholes and the control or treatment tower took place in July 2018 at the NR well field. The analysis of radionuclides by gamma spectrometry was carried out in the laboratory of the Radiation Protection Institute (RPI) of the Ghana Atomic Energy Commission (GAEC). The naturally occurring radionuclides identified during the borehole water samples analysis are 238U, 232Th, and 40K. The results reveal that the specific activities of uranium vary from 0.45 ± 0.18 Bq/L to 0.55 ± 0.17 Bq/L with an average of 0.49 ± 0.15 Bq/L. Those of thorium vary from 0.66 ± 0.14 Bq/L to 0.78 ± 0.18 Bq/L with an average of 0.72 ± 0.16 Bq/L and potassium of 4.14 ± 0.53 Bq/L at 5.87 ± 0.60 Bq/L with an average of 5.32 ± 0.58 Bq/L.

关键词： North Rivera (NR) Catchment Field drilling Water Natural Radionuclides Uranium Thorium Potassium

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Sensitivity Study of the RegCM4’s Surface Schemes in the Simulations of West Africa Climate

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Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2022年第1期12卷 86-104页

作者： Adjon Anderson Kouassi Brahima Kone Siélé Silue Alima dajuma Toure E. N’datchoh Marcellin Adon Arona diedhiou Véronique Yoboue laboratoire des Sciences et Technologie de l’Environnement (LSTE) Université Jean Lorougnon Guédé Daloa C&#244 te d’Ivoire laboratoire des Sciences de la Matière de l’Environnement et de l’Energie Solaire (LASMES) Université Félix Houphou&#235 t-Boigny Abidjan C&#244 te d’Ivoire Université Péléforo Gon Coulibaly Korhogo C&#244 te d’Ivoire Université Grenoble Alpes IRD CNRS Grenoble INP IGE Grenoble France

Two simulations of five years (2003-2007) were conducted with the Regional Climate models RegCM4, one coupled with Land surface models BATS and the other with CLM4.5 over West Africa, where simulated air temperature and precipitation were analyzed. The purpose of this study is to assess the performance of RegCM4 coupled with the new CLM4.5 Land surface scheme and the standard one named BATS in order to find the best configuration of RegCM4 over West African. This study could improve our understanding of the sensitivity of land surface model in West Africa climate simulation, and provide relevant information to RegCM4 users. The results show fairly realistic restitution of West Africa’s climatology and indicate correlations of 0.60 to 0.82 between the simulated fields (BATS and CLM4.5) for precipitation. The substitution of BATS surface scheme by CLM4.5 in the model configuration, leads mainly to an improvement of precipitation over the Atlantic Ocean, however, the impact is not sufficiently noticeable over the continent. While the CLM4.5 experiment restores the seasonal cycles and spatial distribution, the biases increase for precipitation and temperature. Positive biases already existing with BATS are amplified over some sub-regions. This study concludes that temporal localization (seasonal effect), spatial distribution (grid points) and magnitude of precipitation and temperature (bias) are not simultaneously improved by CLM4.5. The introduction of the new land surface scheme CLM4.5, therefore, leads to a performance of the same order as that of BATS, albeit with a more detailed formulation.

关键词： Regional Climate Model Land Surface Scheme West Africa Climate RegCM Precipitation West African Monsoon Simulated data

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