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新中国成立70年以来的中国大气科学研究:气候与气候变化篇

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中国科学：地球科学 2019年第10期49卷 1607-1640页

作者：黄建平陈文温之平张广俊李肇新左志燕赵庆云兰州大学大气科学学院兰州730000 中国科学院大气物理研究所季风系统研究中心北京100190 复旦大学大气与海洋科学系上海200438 Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of CaliforniaSan Diego 92093USA laboratoire de meteorologie dynamique CNRSSorbonne UniversiteParis 75005France 中国气象科学研究院北京100081

气候与气候变化一直是大气科学的重点研究领域,为回顾新中国成立70年以来中国在气候和气候变化研究领域的发展概况,中国科学家对国际大气科学和全球气候变化研究所做的贡献,分析气候与气候变化研究领域的发展趋势,提出前瞻性的科学问题... 详细信息

气候与气候变化一直是大气科学的重点研究领域,为回顾新中国成立70年以来中国在气候和气候变化研究领域的发展概况,中国科学家对国际大气科学和全球气候变化研究所做的贡献,分析气候与气候变化研究领域的发展趋势,提出前瞻性的科学问题,本文根据正式发表的文献对以上的内容进行梳理,从以下6个方面进行了总结:(1)气候研究,(2)青藏高原对中国气候的影响,(3)季风对中国气候的影响,(4)大气活动中心与西风带对中国气候的影响,(5)气候动力学与气候模式的发展,(6)气候变化研究,并在此基础上提出前瞻性的科学问题.

关键词：中国气候青藏高原东亚季风气候变化

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带气膜阻尼悬臂平板振动特性的统计能量分析

机械设计与制造 2023年第12期394卷 7-12页

作者：王小峰崔东泽张鸿唐云冰中国民航大学中欧航空工程师学院天津300300 laboratoire de Tribologie et dynamique des Systemes Ecole Centrale de LyonEcully69134France Groupe d´Acoustique de l´Universite de Sherbrooke Universite de SherbrookeQuébec63865Canada 常州环能涡轮动力有限公司江苏常州213125

针对航空发动机风扇叶片气膜阻尼的结构设计,采用统计能量分析法深入分析了气膜阻尼系统的振动特性,建立了带气膜阻尼悬臂平板的阻抗传递模型。基于多物理场耦合机理,将气膜内气体的流动分别等效为不可压缩和可压缩流体的流动,推导出气... 详细信息

针对航空发动机风扇叶片气膜阻尼的结构设计,采用统计能量分析法深入分析了气膜阻尼系统的振动特性,建立了带气膜阻尼悬臂平板的阻抗传递模型。基于多物理场耦合机理,将气膜内气体的流动分别等效为不可压缩和可压缩流体的流动,推导出气膜阻尼结构的阻尼比方程,研究了带气膜阻尼悬臂平板全频段范围内的振动特性。结果表明:气膜阻尼系统对平板有很好的抑振作用,并且气膜阻尼系统的振动存在临界频率,在临界频率以下,不可压缩流体模型与可压缩流体模型几乎无差异,但在临界频率以上,可压缩流体模型能够更好地计算气膜阻尼系统的阻尼比,更符合实际流体的泵吸效应。

关键词：气膜阻尼悬臂平板振动特性统计能量分析法

盘式制动器尖叫声单模态和多模态不稳定性非线性稳态动力学的研究(二)

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传动技术 2013年第2期27卷 46-48页

作者： Jean-Jacques Sinou Nicolas Coudeyras Samuel Nacivet laboratoire de Tribologie et dynamique des Systèmes UMR CNRS 5513 Ecole Centrale de lyon Ecully France PSA Peugeot Citroen Company in La Garenne-Colombes France

本文重点说明和讨论制动系统承受摩擦诱导的振动,由于多不稳定模式可能发生的非线性动力学特性。采用具有摩擦副的有限元模型分析制动系统的稳定性和预测尖叫声稳态非线性波动。尖叫声不稳定机理看成是一模式偶合现象,它通常看成为一种... 详细信息

本文重点说明和讨论制动系统承受摩擦诱导的振动,由于多不稳定模式可能发生的非线性动力学特性。采用具有摩擦副的有限元模型分析制动系统的稳定性和预测尖叫声稳态非线性波动。尖叫声不稳定机理看成是一模式偶合现象,它通常看成为一种组合。

关键词：尖叫自激振动全周和半周期波动非线性和谐波分量

Projection of climate extremes in China,an incremental exercise from CMIP5 to CMIP6

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Science Bulletin 2021年第24期66卷 2528-2537,M0004页

作者： Huanhuan Zhu Zhihong Jiang Laurent Li Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disaster Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster of Ministry of Education Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China laboratoire de Météorologie dynamique CNRSSorbonne UniversitéEcole Normale SupérieureEcole PolytechniqueParis 75005France

This paper presents projections of climate extremes over China under global warming of 1.5,2,and 3℃ above pre-industrial(1861–1900),based on the latest Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6(CMIP6)*** are compared with what produced by the precedent phase of the project,*** evaluation for the reference period(1985–2005)indicates that CMIP6 models outperform their predecessors in CMIP5,especially in simulating precipitation *** averages for changes of most indices are found larger in CMIP6 than in *** emblematic annual mean temperature,when averaged over the whole of China in CMIP6,increases by 1.49,2.21,and 3.53℃(relative to1985–2005)for 1.5,2,and 3℃ above-preindustrial global warming levels,while the counterpart in CMIP5 is 1.20,1.93 and 3.39℃ ***,total precipitation increases by 5.3%,8.6%,and16.3%in CMIP6 and by 4.4%,7.0%and 12.8%in CMIP5,*** spatial distribution of changes for extreme indices is generally consistent in both CMIP5 and CMIP6,but with significantly higher increases in CMIP6 over Northeast and Northwest China for the hottest day temperature,and South China for the coldest night *** the south bank of the Yangtze River,and most regions around40°N,CMIP6 shows higher increases for both total precipitation and heavy *** projected difference between CMIP6 and CMIP5 is mainly attributable to the physical upgrading of climate models and largely independent from their emission scenarios.

关键词： Climate extremes Global warming targets Climate model assessment CMIP6-CMIP5 comparison China regional climate

Global variations in critical drought thresholds that impact vegetation

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National Science Review 2023年第5期10卷 180-193页

作者： Xiangyi Li Shilong Piao Chris Huntingford Josep Pe?uelas Hui Yang Hao Xu Anping Chen Pierre Friedlingstein Trevor F.Keenan Stephen Sitch Xuhui Wang Jakob Zscheischler Miguel D.Mahecha Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science College of Urban and Environmental SciencesPeking University Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology and Biodiversity Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchCenter for Excellence in Tibetan Earth ScienceChinese Academy of Sciences UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology CSIC Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB CREAF Cerdanyola de Vallès department of Biogeochemical Integration Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry department of Biology Colorado State University Graduate degree Program in Ecology Colorado State University department of Mathematics College of Engineering Mathematics and Physical SciencesUniversity of Exeter laboratoire de Météorologie dynamique Institut Pierre-Simon LaplaceCNRS-ENS-UPMC-XDépartement de GeósciencesEcole Normale Superieure Earth and Environmental Sciences Area Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory department of Environmental Science Policy&ManagementUniversity of California Berkeley department of Geography College of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Exeter department of Computational Hydrosystems Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research—Ufz Remote Sensing Centre for Earth System Research Leipzig University

Identifying the thresholds of drought that,if crossed,suppress vegetation functioning is vital for accurate quantification of how land ecosystems respond to climate variability and *** present a globally applicable framework to identify drought thresholds for vegetation responses to different levels of known soil-moisture deficits using four remotely sensed vegetation proxies spanning *** thresholds identified represent critical inflection points for changing vegetation responses from highly resistant to highly vulnerable in response to drought stress,and as a warning signal for substantial vegetation *** thresholds varied geographically,with much lower percentiles of soil-moisture anomalies in vegetated areas covered by more forests,corresponding to a comparably stronger capacity to mitigate soil water deficit stress in forested ***,those lower thresholds are detected in more humid ***-of-the-art land models,however,overestimated thresholds of soil moisture(*** drought impacts),especially in more humid areas with higher forest covers and arid areas with few forest *** on climate model projections,we predict that the risk of vegetation damage will increase by the end of the twenty-first century in some hotspots like East Asia,Europe,Amazon,southern Australia and eastern and southern *** data-based results will inform projections on future drought impacts on terrestrial ecosystems and provide an effective tool for drought management.

关键词： drought threshold inflection points vegetation response soil moisture drought impacts

太平洋十年涛动对全球地表气温变化的影响足迹

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Science Bulletin 2024年第4期69卷 445-448页

作者：梁莉莉 Alan D.Ziegler 陈德亮 Philippe Ciais 李肇新梁时婧王大山徐荣嵘曾振中 School of Environmental Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China SUSTech Energy Institute for Carbon Neutrality Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China Faculty of Fisheries Technology and Aquatic Resources Mae Jo UniversityChiang Mai 50000Thailand Regional Climate Group Department of Earth SciencesUniversity of GothenburgGothenburg 40530Sweden laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement UniversitéParis-SaclayGif-sur-Yvette 91191France laboratoire de Météorologie dynamique Centre national de la recherche scientifiqueSorbonne UniversitéÉcole Normale SupérieureÉcole PolytechniqueParis 75000France Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control School of Environmental Science and EngineeringSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China

Sea surface temperature modes have been found to modulate anthropogenic global warming rates on annual and decadal timescales,sometimes leading to periods of“slowdown”despite increasing greenhouse gas emissions^([1]).

关键词：太平洋十年涛动地表气温 greenhouse

Hidden Information, Energy Dispersion and Disorder: Does Entropy Really Measure Disorder?

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World Journal of Condensed Matter Physics 2018年第4期8卷 197-202页

作者： Driss Soubane Mohamed El Garah Mohamed Bouhassoune Ahmed Tirbiyine Abdelaziz Ramzi Said Laasri Advanced Laser Light Source (ALLS) Centre Energie Matériaux et Télécommunications Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique INRS-EMT Varennes Canada laboratoire des Nanomatériaux pour l’Energie et l’Environnement LN2E FPS Cadi Ayyad University Marrakesh Morocco laboratoire des Sciences de l’Ingénieur pour l’Energie ENSAJ Université Chouaibdoukkali El Jadida Morocco University of Strasbourg CNRS ISIS UMR Strasbourg France Département de Physique FPS Cadi Ayyad University Marrakesh Morocco laboratoire de dynamique et Optique des Matériaux FS Université Mohamed Premier Oujda Morocco Equipe des Matériaux Supraconducteurs Université Ibn Zohr Faculté des Sciences Agadir Morocco department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Université de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke Canada

despite its appearance in physics around the 1850th, the second law of thermodynamics is still attracting more efforts to be clarified. More specifically, fifteen years later (1865) after its definition and introduction, entropy has been the subject of various interpretations. Hence, in physical sciences and notably in different education levels, its concept seems to be relatively tough to unambiguous decipher. In this work, we re-introduce the notion of entropy from classical, quantum and information theories viewpoints. The controversial over entropy and a measure of disorder misconception, stated by many scientists, is addressed as well to come up with less confusing physical interpretation of entropy. Hence, over time, an increase of entropy, a quantitative quantity, is most often associated to a rising of disorder, a non-quantitative quantity and no value-returning mathematical equation, rather than a continuously increasing of hidden data. In other words, linking disorder to hidden data is typically raising more confusion than clarification. Here, we shed more light on both concepts to find out an acceptable interpretation of entropy.

关键词： Entropy Disorder Hidden Information Thermodynamics

Sensitivity Analysis of the Penman-Monteith Reference Evapotranspiration to Climatic Variables: Case of Burkina Faso

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2017年第12期9卷 1364-1376页

作者： Papa Malick Ndiaye Ansoumana Bodian Lamine Diop Koffi Djaman laboratoire Leï di “dynamique des Territoires et Développement” Université Gaston Berger (UGB) Saint Louis Senegal UFR S2ATA Sciences Agronomiques de l’Aquaculture et des Technologies Alimentaires Université Gaston Berger Saint-Louis Senegal NMSU: Agricultural Science Center at Farmington Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences New Mexico State University Farmington USA

Sensitivity analysis is important in understanding the effect of each climatic input variable on the variation of the evapotranspiration which is a significant element for hydrological modelling, irrigation programs, and water resources management. This study investigates the responses of evapotranspiration to the variation of maximum and minimum temperature, solar radiation, wind speed and maximum and minimum relative humidity. Daily data from 1998 to 2012 of eight stations are used. For each climatic variable, a variation of 5% up to ±25% was performed in order to evaluate the sensitivity of the evapotranspiration to the input variables. Results show that evapotranspiration is more sensitive to the variation of solar radiation, maximal temperature and wind speed, respectively.

关键词： Evapotranspiration Penman-Monteith Sensitivity Coefficient Burkina Faso

Risks of temperature extremes over China under 1.5℃ and 2℃ global warming

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2020年第3期11卷 172-184页

作者： SHI Chen JIANG Zhi-Hong ZHU Lian-Hua Xuebin ZHANG YAO Yi-Yi Laurent LI Laboratory of Research for Middle-High Latitude Circulation System and East Asian Monsoon Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Changbai Mountain Meteorology&Climate ChangeInstitute of Meteorological Sciences of Jilin ProvinceChangchun130062China Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster of Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment ChangeCollaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological DisasterNanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing210044China School of Mathematics and Statistics Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing210044China Climate Research Division Environment and Climate Change CanadaTorontoOntario M3H 5T4Canada laboratoire de Météorologie dynamique CNRSSorbonne UniversitéEcole Normale SupérieureEcole PolytechniqueParis75005France

The Paris Agreement aims to keep global warming to well below 2℃ above pre-industrial levels and to pursue efforts to limit it to 1.5℃,recognizing this will reduce the risks of natural disasters *** changes in the risks of temperature extremes are often associated with changes in the temperature probability distribution,further analysis is still needed to improve understanding of the warm extremes over *** this study,changes in the occurrence probability of temperature extremes and statistic characteristics of the temperature distribution are investigated using the fifth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project(CMIP5)multimodel simulations from 1861 to *** risks of the once-in-100-year TXx and TNx events are projected to increase by 14.4 and 31.4 times at 1.5℃ ***,the corresponding risks under 2℃ global warming are 23.3 and 50.6,implying that the once-in-100-year TXx and TNx events are expected to occur about every 5 and 2 years over China,*** Tibetan Plateau,Northwest China and south of the Yangtze River are in greater risks suffering hot extremes(both day and night extremes).Changes in the occurrence probability of warm extremes are generally well explained by the combination of the shifts in location and scale parameters in areas with grown variability,i.e.,the Tibetan Plateau for TXx,south of the Yangtze River for both TXx and *** location(scale)parameter leading the risks of once-in-20-year TXx to increase by more than 5(0.25)and 3(0.75)times under 2℃ warming in the Tibetan Plateau and south of the Yangtze River,*** location parameter is more important for regions with decreased variability e.g.,the Tibetan Plateau for TNx,Northwest China for both TXx and TNx,with risks increase by more than 3,6 and 4 times due to changes in location.

关键词： 1.5℃and 2℃global warming Temperature extremes Risk ratios GEV CMIP5