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Effects of the availability of floral resources and neighboring plants on nectar robbery in a specialized pollination system

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Current Zoology 2022年第5期68卷 541-548页

作者： Júlia Mendonça Almeida Caio César Corrêa Missagia Maria Alice Santos Alves Graduação Instituto de BiociênciasUniversidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro(UNIRIO)CEPAvenida Pasteur458Rio de Janeiro 22290-240Brazil departamento de Ecologia Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e EvoluçãoInstituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes(IBRAG)Laboratório de Ecologia de Aves e ComportamentoUniversidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro(UERJ)Rua São Francisco Xavier524 Rio de JaneiroRJCEPRio de Janeiro 20550-011Brazil departamento de Ecologia IBRAGLaboratório de Ecologia de Aves UERJ.Rua São Francisco Xavier524 Rio de JaneiroRJCEPRio de Janeiro 20550-011Brazil

Many plants pollinated by nectar-foraging animals have to maintain a balance between legitimate visitor attraction strategies and mechanisms that minimize illegitimate *** study investigated how floral display and neighboring species composition influences nectar robbing by hummingbirds in the tropical ornithophilous herb Heliconia *** tested the role of inflorescence display,flower abundance,and neighboring species in the reduction of nectar robbing in *** results indicate that nectar robbing hummingbird activity was higher in moderately large inflorescence displays and that the frequency of nectar robbing in *** decreases with increased flower abundance and the presence of neighboring plant *** non-ornithophilous plants decreased the frequency of nectar robbing in *** flowers to a greater extent than ornithophilous *** results suggest that nectar robbing hummingbirds are attracted to similar conditions that attract legitimate visitors and that spatial aggregation and mixed-species displays may represent a mechanism to dilute nectar robbing effects at an individual level.

关键词： Brazilian Atlantic forest density floral antagonists Heliconiaceae

Worker laying in leafcutter ant Acromyrmex subterraneus brunneus （Formicidae, Attini）

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Insect Science 2007年第2期14卷 157-163页

作者： ROBERTO S. CAMARGO LUIZ C. FORTI JULIANE F. S. LOPES NEWTON C. NORONHA ANGELO L. T. OTTATI departamento de Producāo Vegetal FCA/UNESP Botucatu SP Campus Universitário Paulo VI Sāo Luis MA Brazil. comportamento e Biologia Animal Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora Campus Universitário Martelos Juiz de Fora MG Campus Universitário Paulo VI Sāo Luis MA Brazil. departamento de Entomologia Fitopatologia e Zoologia Agricola Escola Superior de Agricultura 'Luiz de Queiroz' Universidade de Sao Paulo Piracicaba SP Campus Universitário Paulo VI Sāo Luis MA Brazil. departamento de Fitotecnia e Fitossanidade Universidade Estadual do Maranhāo Centro de Ciencias Agrenias Campus Universitário Paulo VI Sāo Luis MA Brazil.

We studied the process of offspring production in queenless colonies of Acromyrmex subterraneus brunneus, and particularly evaluated the ovary development of workers as a function of their age. For this, subcolonies were set up and evaluated at different periods of isolation from the queen （2, 4 and 6 months）, besides individually labeled age groups. The subcolonies were assessed according to offspring production and ovaries containing oocytes or not. The evaluations showed worker oviposition and development of males originating from worker-laid eggs. At 2 months＇ absence of the queen, eggs and larvae were found, with eggs in a higher proportion than larvae. After 4 months, the proportion of eggs had reduced while larvae had increased, and a pupa was found in one subcolony. At 6 months, besides a higher share of larvae, one pupa and one adult male were found. Dissection of workers revealed ovaries containing oocytes during the periods of evaluation. Only a group of medium-sized and large workers, 23.3%, 20.9% and 37.5% of the population from each period assessed in queenless subcolonies respectively, presented developed oocytes in the ovary. The same was observed in colonies with a queen, with 17.6%, 19.6% and 7.8% of the group of dissected workers from each time period, respectively. With respect to worker age, we observed by dissection of the ovary, that the greatest percentage of individuals with ovarioles containing oocytes occurred at 45 days （6 weeks） up to 90 days （12 weeks）. These results probably are associated with the workers reproduction and the laying of trophic and reproductive eggs in colonies with and without a queen; these eggs have distinct functions in each situation.

关键词： leafcutter ant queenless ant colonies reproduction conflict worker laying,worker reproduction

Tandem running by foraging Pachycondyla striata workers in field conditions vary in response to food type,food distance,and environmental conditions

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Current Zoology 2021年第5期67卷 541-549页

作者： Janiele Pereira SILVA Lohan VALADARES Maria Eduarda Lima VIEIRA Serafino TESEO Nicolas CHALINE LEEEIS Departamento de Psicologia ExperimentalInstituto de Psicologia ExperimentalUniversidade de Sao PauloSao PauloSPCEP 05508-030Brazil Programa de pos-graduacao em Psicologia Experimental USPSao PauloSPCEP 05508-030Brazil Evolution GenomesBehavior and EcologyCNRS1 Avenue de la TerrasseGifsur-Yvette 91987France LBC Departamento de Fisiologia e ComportamentoCentro de BiocienciasUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do NorteNatalRNCEP 59078-970Brazil School of Biological Sciences Nanyang Technological University60 Nanyang DriveSingapore 637551Singapore

Ants show collective and individual behavioral flexibility in their response to immediate context,choosing for example between different foraging *** Pachycondyla striata,workers can forage solitarily or recruit and guide nestmates to larger food sources through tandem *** considered more ancestral and less efficient than pheromone trail-laying,this strategy is common especially in species with small colony *** is not known is how the decision to recruit or follow varies according to the immediate *** is,how fine adjustments in information transfer affect immediate foraging decisions at the colony ***,we studied individually marked workers and evaluated their foraging decisions when food items varied in nature(protein versus carbohydrate),size,and distance from the nest at different temperatures and humidity *** results show that tandem run leaders and potential followers adjust their behavior according to a combination of external *** 84.2%of trips were solitary,most ants(81%)performed at least 1 tandem ***,tandem runs were more frequent for nearby resources and at higher relative ***,when food items were located far away,tandem runs were more successful when heading to protein sources(75%)compared with carbohydrate sources(42%).Our results suggest that the social information transfer between leaders and followers conveys more information than previously thought,and also relies on their experience and motivation.

关键词： collective behavior decision-making emotional states flexibility Ponerinae social learning

The nest architecture of the ant, Pheidole oxyops Forel, 1908 （Hymenoptera： Formicidae）

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Insect Science 2007年第5期14卷 437-442页

作者： LUIZ C. FORTI ROBERTO S. CAMARGO RICARdo T. FUJIHARA JULIANE F. S. LOPES laboratorio de Insetos Sociais-Praga Departamento de Producao Vegetal - Setor Defesa Fitossanitaria FCA/UNESP Botucatu SP comportamento e Ecologia Animal Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora Campus Universitario Martelos Juiz de Fora MG Brazil

Pheidole oxyops builds subterranean nests, with an external architecture that is distinctive and easily recognizable by its wide and specific entrance hole, measuring up to 12.2 cm in diameter, denoting a pitfall-trap. In order to study the nests＇ internal architecture, seven nests were excavated; four were identified with neutral talc, while the others were cast in cement and then excavated. Measurements were made in order to gain a better understand- ing of their structures, and a photographic documentation was obtained as well. The excavations revealed that the nests are perpendicular relative to the ground, beginning with a cylindrical channel with a mean length of 13.5 cm, containing irregular formations, and whose diameter becomes progressively narrower until the first chamber is formed. As the channel continues, dish-like chambers appear, interconnected by channels that become progressively narrower and longer, while the chambers are arranged at greater distances from each other as nest depth increases. Both channels and chambers are located on the vertical projection of the entrance hole. Nests may reach a depth of up to 5.09 m, with a number of chambers ranging between 4 and 14.

关键词： chambers nest architecture Pheidole pitfall-trap

Artificial Night Lighting Reduces Firefly (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) Occurrence in Sorocaba, Brazil

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Advances in Entomology 2015年第1期3卷 24-32页

作者： Oskar Hagen Raphael Machado Santos Marcelo Nivert Schlindwein Vadim Ravara Viviani laboratório de Bioquímica e Biotecnologia de Sistemas Bioluminescentes Universidade Federal de S&atildeo Carlos Sorocaba Brazil Núcleo de comportamento Animal e Manejo da Fauna Nativa Laboratório de Ecologia Universidade Federal de S&atildeo Carlos Sorocaba Brazil Graduate School of Biotechnology and Environmental Monitoring Universidade Federal de S&atildeo Carlos Sorocaba Brazil

Artificial night lighting is gaining attention as a new type of pollution;however, studies of its impacts are scarce. Fireflies provide good models to investigate its effects on nocturnal wildlife, since they depend on their bioluminescence for reproduction. This study investigated the impact of artificial illumination on firefly activity at the new campus of the Federal University of São Carlos (Sorocaba, Brazil). The flashing activity of different firefly species, especially Photinus sp1 (82% of all occurrences), was investigated during 3 years, before and after the installation of multi metal vapor spotlights. Quantitative and qualitative analysis, performed in transects at different distances from the artificial light sources, showed significant negative effects on Photinus sp1 occurrence. This study proposes fireflies as potential flagship species and bioindicators for artificial night lighting and for the first time quantifies its effects, providing subsidies for future conservationist legislations regarding photopollution.

关键词： Photopollution Fireflies Bioindicators Flagship Species Photinus

The Assessment of Medical Students’ Chronotypes

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World Journal of Neuroscience 2017年第3期7卷 275-281页

作者： José Reinaldo Maximo Gomes Fátima Karine Ferreira Santos Isaac Filipe Melo de Freitas Ilma Ferreira de Oliveira Hete Aguida dos Santos José Cláudio da Silva Janise Dal Pai Lysien Ivania Zambrano Euclides Mauricio Trindade Filho Milton Vieira Costa laboratório de Neurociência e comportamento Universidade Estadual de Ciências da Saúde de Alagoas—UNCISAL Maceió Brazil Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE) S&atilde o Paulo Brazil Facultad de Ciencias Medicas Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras Tegucigalpa Honduras

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the circadian typology of medical students at public universities from one of the northeastern states in Brazil, active in the morning and afternoon shifts, checking the compatibility between their study time, productivity, income and chronotype. Methods: To obtain the results, the assessment of the chronotype in 342 medical students of both sexes was considered. Each participant was submitted to the questionnaire developed by Horne and Ostberg, adapted by Cardinali, Colomberk and Rey. It’s composed of 9 questions, providing the general ranking of each individual. Based upon scored, the chronotypes were classified. Results: The sample was composed of 49.12% (168) male and 50.87% (174) female subjects, a similar gender distribution of enrolled students during data collection time. By applying the questionnaire, the prevalent rating among the medical students as moderately morning (29.82%) and intermediate (43.85%) has been relevant. The academic performance assessment in two morning-intermediate groups (8.16) had no significant distance from others considered afternoon active (8.20). Conclusion: The health sciences student, especially Medicine, faces constant adaptation of scheduling, in the attempt of fulfilling the requirements throughout the course, causing chronogram desynchronization effects and forced readaptation to each different school semester.

关键词： Circadian Rhythm Chronobiology Disorders delivery of Health Care Medicine Sleep Disorders

Hakim-Adams syndrome secondary to syphilis

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Case Reports in Clinical Medicine 2013年第6期2卷 377-379页

作者： Ricardo Krause Martinez de Souza Alexandre Zatera Fernanda Leal Suzano Flavia de Oliveira Braga Samanta Fabrício Blattes da Rocha Ricardo Ramina Pedro Andre Kowacs Ambulatorio de desordens da Memoria e do comportamento Instituto de Neurologia de CuritibaCuritibaBrazil Instituto de Psiquiatria do Parana CuritibaBrazil Servico de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia CuritibaBrazil

Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) secondary to syphilis is an atypical form of neurosyphilis with an unusual clinical presentation and uncommon neuroimaging findings. A case of Syndrome de Hakim-Adams occurring in a 79-year-old male was admitted for investigation of a dementia syndrome. The patient presented with clinical features and neuroimaging compatible with NPH. Syphilis serology was reactive and compatible with active disease. The patient was treated with crystalline penicillin (4 million units every 4 hours for 21 days) and was assessed again after three months, when his cognition and gait had improved and the urinary incontinence had resolved. According to this information, we describe a case of syphilis mimicking normal pressure hydrocephalus, making clear the importance of the investigation of sexually transmitted diseases in the differential diagnosis of dementia, even in patients without established risk supposedly.

关键词： Neurosyphilis Hakim-Adams Syndrome Syphilis Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus

Influence of physical and chemical factors during foraging and culture of the symbiont fungus in Atta sexdens rubropilosa （Hymenoptera： Formicidae）

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Insect Science 2007年第4期14卷 295-300页

作者： SANDRA S. VERZA LUIZ C. FORTI JULIANE F. S. LOPES ROBERTO S.CAMARGO CARLOS A. O. MATOS departamento de Zoologia Instituto de Biociencias laboratrio de Insetos Sociais-Praga Departamento de Produ~~o Vegetal-Def-esa Fitossanitaria Faculdade de Ciencias Agronomicas UNESP-Sao Paulo State University Fazenda Experimental LageadoBotucatu SP comportamento e Biologia Animal Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas UFJF-Universidade Federal de Juiz de ForaCampus Universitario Martelos Juiz de Fora MG Campus Experimental de Itapeva UNESP Itapeva SP Brazil

The aim of this paper is to investigate the influence of physical and chemical factors on transport and use of substrate for Atta sexdens rubropilosa workers. Three types of rectangular fragments were used to study the physical influence factors： filter paper with paraffin, filter paper without paraffin and polyester film. To study the chemical factors, some fragments were impregnated with organic extract of orange albedo, others were soaked with soybean oil and for the remaining ones nothing was applied. The fonowing parameters were evaluated：（i） attractiveness of substrate for transport and number of loading workers per treatment; （ii） foraged material incorporation; （iii） rejection by numbers of fragments deposited in the garbage or beside the fungus garden. All the polyester film fragments carried out to the fungus garden were subsequently rejected. We verified that chemical factors of the substrate were more quickly detected by the workers, whereas physical factors were used as a criterion in the decision-making to reject or accept the substrate collected.

关键词： Atta sexdens rubropilosa attractiveness behavior leaf-cutting ants substraterejection substrate selection

Sexual differences in weaponry and defensive behavior in a neotropical harvestman

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Current Zoology 2019年第5期65卷 553-558页

作者： Julio M.G.SEGOVIA Gabriel P.MURAYAMA Rodrigo H.WILLEMART laboratorio de Ecologia Sensorial e comportamento de Artropodes Escolade ArtesCiencias e Humanidades da Universidade de Sao PauloSao PauloBrazil Programa de Pos-Graduaqao em Zoologia Instituto de BiocienciasUniversidade de Sao PauloSao PauloBrazil Programa de Pos-Graduaqao em Ecologia e Evoluqao Universidade Federal de Sao PauloSao PauloBrazil

Sexual differences in morphology can evolve by sexual selection and/or natural *** some species,only males have morphological structures that are used as *** some weapons may also be used for defensive purposes,males and females may behave differently towards *** some species of harvestmen(Arachnida and Opiliones),males have sharp apophyses("spines")on their 4th pair of legs whereas females lack *** apophyses are used in malemale fights and in antipredatory *** harvestmen antipredatory repertory also encompasses passive defenses such as thanatosis(death feigning),retaliation(attack on predators),and chemical *** to the sexual differences on weaponry,we hypothesized that males and females of Mischonyx cuspidatus(Gonyleptidae)rely on different defensive *** experimentally induced males and females to perform 3 defensive behaviors:thanatosis,pinching with legs,and chemical *** predicted that females would engage more in passive and chemical defenses than males,whereas males would rely more on retaliation than *** expected,females performed thanatosis more often than ***,males performed retaliation more often than *** did not find differences in the rate of chemical defense use between the *** study provides evidence that due to sexual dimorphism,alternative antipredatory behaviors may have been selected in the different sexes in ***.

关键词： Arachnida death feigning nipping thanatosis weapon Opiliones