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plant Communications 2024年第9期5卷 116-135页

作者： Yunhua Chi Hongxiang Zhang Siyu Chen Yu Cheng Xiaofeng Zhang Dongsheng Jia Qian Chen Hongyan Chen Taiyun Wei Vector-borne Virus Research Center Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant VirologyInstitute of Plant VirologyFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouFujian 350002China

plant jasmonoyl-L-isoleucine(JA-Ile)is a major defense signal against insect feeding,but whether or how insect salivary effectors suppress JA-Ile synthesis and thus facilitate viral transmission in the plant phloem remains *** carboxylesterases(CarEs)are the third major family of detoxification ***,we identify a new leafhopper CarE,CarE10,that is specifically expressed in salivary glands and is secreted into the rice phloem as a saliva *** CarE10 directly binds to rice jasmonate resistant 1(JAR1)and promotes its degradation by the proteasome ***,the direct association of CarE10 with JAR1 clearly impairs JAR1 enzyme activity for conversion of JA to JA-Ile in an in vitro JAIle synthesis system.A devastating rice reovirus activates and promotes the co-secretion of virions and CarE10 via virus-induced vesicles into the saliva-storing salivary cavities of the leafhopper vector and ultimately into the rice phloem to establish initial ***,a virus-mediated increase in CarE10 secretion or overexpression of CarE10 in transgenic rice plants causes reduced levels of JAR1 and thus suppresses JA-Ile synthesis,promoting host attractiveness to insect vectors and facilitating initial viral *** findings provide insight into how the insect salivary protein CarE10 suppresses host JA-Ile synthesis to promote initial virus transmission in the rice phloem.

关键词： leafhopper salivary protein CarE10 JAR1 degradation JA-Ile synthesis rice phloem initial viral transmission

Robust zero-watermarking algorithm based on discrete wavelet transform and daisy descriptors for encrypted medical image

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CAAI Transactions on Intelligence Technology 2024年第1期9卷 40-53页

作者： Yiyi Yuan Jingbing Li Jing Liu Uzair Aslam Bhatti Zilong Liu Yen-wei Chen School of Information and Communication Engineering Hainan UniversityHaikouChina Research Center for Healthcare Data science Zhejiang LabHangzhouChina Graduate School of Information science and Engineering Ritsumeikan University ShigaJapan

In the intricate network environment,the secure transmission of medical images faces challenges such as information leakage and malicious tampering,significantly impacting the accuracy of disease diagnoses by medical *** address this problem,the authors propose a robust feature watermarking algorithm for encrypted medical images based on multi-stage discrete wavelet transform(DWT),Daisy descriptor,and discrete cosine transform(DCT).The algorithm initially encrypts the original medical image through DWT-DCT and Logistic ***,a 3-stage DWT transformation is applied to the encrypted medical image,with the centre point of the LL3 sub-band within its low-frequency component serving as the sampling *** Daisy descriptor matrix for this point is then ***,a DCT transformation is performed on the Daisy descriptor matrix,and the low-frequency portion is processed using the perceptual hashing algorithm to generate a 32-bit binary feature vector for the medical *** scheme utilises cryptographic knowledge and zero-watermarking technique to embed watermarks without modifying medical images and can extract the watermark from test images without the original image,which meets the basic re-quirements of medical image *** embedding and extraction of water-marks are accomplished in a mere 0.160 and 0.411s,respectively,with minimal computational *** results demonstrate the robustness of the algorithm against both conventional attacks and geometric attacks,with a notable performance in resisting rotation attacks.

关键词： daisy descriptor DCT DWT encryption domain medical image zero-watermarking

Sensitivity and resistance risk analysis of Didymella bryoniae populations to fluopyram

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第7期23卷 2306-2317页

作者： Zhiwen Wu Xiaowei Cai Xuewei Mao Mingguo Zhou Yiping Hou College of plant Protection Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China

Fluopyram is an succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors(SDHI)fungicide that has been registered in China to control gummy stem blight(GSB)in watermelons for many ***,whether the field pathogens of GSB are still sensitive to fluopyram or not is ***,we collected 69 Didymella bryoniae isolates from the fields that usually use fluopyram to control GSB to determine the sensitivity *** EC_(50)(50%inhibition effect)values of fluopyram against *** ranged from 0.0691 to 0.3503μg mL^(–1) and the variation factor was *** mean EC_(50) value was(0.1579±0.0669)μg mL^(–1) and the curve of sensitivity was *** resistant strains were found in the isolates,which means that the pathogens were still sensitive to *** minimal inhibition concentration(MIC)of fluopyram against *** was 3μg mL^(–1).Four low-resistant mutants and two medium-resistant mutants were obtained using fungicide taming and the resistance of mutants could be inherited *** growth rate of mutants decreased significantly compared with that of wild-type strains while the biomass of most mutants was similar to that of wild-type *** sensitivity of most resistant mutants to various stresses was increased compared with that of wild-type *** virulence of mutants receded except for low-resistant mutant XN51FR-1,which had the same lesion area as XN51 on the watermelon *** results indicated that the fitness of resistant mutants was decreased compared with that of wild-type *** cross-resistance assay indicated that fluopyram-resistant mutants were positive cross-resistant to all six SDHI fungicides in this test but were still sensitive to fluazinam and *** the resistance risk of *** to fluopyram was *** addition,we found that the SdhB gene of low-resistant mutant XN30FR-1 had three new point mutations at positions K258N,A259P,and ***-resistant mutant XN52FR-1 showed a mutation at position H277N an

关键词： fluopyram D.bryoniae sensitivity risk assessment

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All-fluorinated electrolyte for non-flammable batteries with ultra-high specific capacity at 4.7 V

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Green Energy & Environment 2024年第10期9卷 1601-1609页

作者： Zhe Wang Zhuo Li Jialong Fu Sheng Zheng Rui Yu Xiaoyan Zhou Guanjie He Xin Guo State Key lab.ratory of Material Processing and Die&Mould Technology Laboratory of Solid State IonicsSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and Technology Electrochemical Innovation lab Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity College London

Li metal batteries （LMBs） with Li Ni0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2（NMC811） cathodes could release a specific energy of >500 Wh kg-1by increasing the charge ***,high-nickel cathodes working at high voltages accelerate degradations in bulk and at interfaces,thus significantly degrading the cycling lifespan and decreasing the specific ***,we rationally design an all-fluorinated electrolyte with addictive tri（2,2,2-trifluoroethyl） borate （TFEB）,based on 3,3,3-fluoroethylmethylcarbonate （FEMC） and fluoroethylene carbonate （FEC）,which enables stable cycling of high nickel cathode (Li Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2,NMC811) under a cut-off voltage of 4.7 V in Li metal *** electrolyte not only shows the fire-extinguishing properties,but also inhibits the transition metal dissolution,the gas production,side reactions on the cathode ***,the NMC811||Li cell demonstrates excellent performance by using limited Li and high-loading cathode,delivering a specific capacity>220 m A h g-1,an average Coulombic efficiency >99.6% and capacity retention >99.7% over 100 cycles.

关键词： Fluorinated electrolyte Li metal batteries Solid electrolyte interphase Cathode electrolyte interphase Coulombic efficiency

Heterointerface engineering of rhombic Rh nanosheets confined on MXene for efficient methanol oxidation

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第6期93卷 419-428,I0011页

作者： Qi Zhang Quanguo Jiang Xiang Yang Chi Zhang Jian Zhang Lu Yang Haiyan He Guobing Ying Huajie Huang College of Materials science and Engineering Hohai UniversityNanjing 210098JiangsuChina New Energy Technology Engineering lab.of Jiangsu Province College of ScienceNanjing University of Posts&Telecommunications(NUPT)Nanjing 210023JiangsuChina School of Materials science and Engineering Southeast UniversityNanjing 211100JiangsuChina

Although metallic rhodium(Rh)is regarded as a promising platinum-alternative anode catalyst of direct methanol fuel cell(DMFC),the conventional"particle-to-face"contact model between Rh and matrix largely limits the overall electrocatalytic performance due to their insufficient cooperative ***,we report a controllab.e and robust heterointerface engineering strategy for the bottom-up fabrication of rhombic Rh nanosheets in situ confined on Ti_3C_(2)T_x MXene nanolamellas(Rh NS/MXene)via a convenient stereoassembly *** unique design concept gives the resulting 2D/2D Rh NS/MXene heterostructure intriguing textural features,including large accessible surface areas,strong"face-toface"interfacial interactions,homogeneous Rh nanosheet distribution,ameliorative electronic structure,and high electronic *** a consequence,the as-prepared Rh NS/MXene nanoarchitectures exhibit exceptional electrocatalytic methanol oxidation properties in terms of a large electrochemically active surface area of 126.2 m~2 g_(Rh)~(-1),a high mass activity of 1056.9 mA mg_(Rh)-~1,and a long service life,which significantly outperform those of conventional particle-shaped Rh catalysts supported by carbon black,carbon nanotubes,reduced graphene oxide,and MXene matrixes as well as the commercial Pt nanoparticle/carbon black and Pd nanoparticle/carbon black catalysts with the same noble metal loading *** functional theory calculations further demonstrate that the direct electronic interaction at the well-contacted 2D/2D heterointerfaces effectively enhances the adsorption energy of Rh nanosheets and induces a left shift of the d-band center,thereby making the Rh NS/MXene configuration suffer less from CO *** work highlights the importance of rational heterointerface design in the construction of advanced noble metal/MXene electrocatalysts,which may provide new avenues for developing the next-generation DMFC devices.

关键词： Rhodium nanosheet Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)MXene Heterointerface Electrocatalyst Fuel cell

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Effects of vibration conditions,spatial confinement and friction on mixing and segregation characteristics of mixed pebble beds for CFETR WCCB blanket

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Particuology 2024年第2期85卷 268-279页

作者： Yong Liu Chongyang He Cong Wang Lei Chen Songlin Liu Institute of Plasma Physics Hefei Institutes of Physical ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesHefei230031China University of science and Technology of China Hefei230027China Chengdu University Chengdu610106China Zhejiang lab Hangzhou310000China

This paper presents the study of the dynamic characteristics of confined mixed pebble beds with different friction under different vibration conditions using the discrete element ***λsegre-gation index is used to quantify the degree of particle mixing or *** percolation,convection and diffusion mechanisms are responsible for the segregation patterns of the mixed *** results show the degree of segregation can be suppressed by decreasing the vibration acceleration or free space height below a *** simulation reveals the threshold of vibration acceleration or free space height both are related to the bed height increment which determines the strength of the percolation *** addition,the strength of percolation and convection becomes weaker by decreasing the friction of particles and walls,which makes the pebbled bed remains in a mixed state under *** findings are significant to clarify the main factors behind the three segregation mechanisms and hence provide solutions to retaining the mixed state of the Li2TiO3&Be12Ti mixed pebble bed.

关键词： Vibration Segregation Binary pebble bed Discrete element method

Impacts of surfactant-based adjuvants on spray droplet size,drift distance,and deposition efficiency

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2024年第3期17卷 50-58页

作者： Changwei Gong Yue Liu Yu Ma Qiulin Wang Zhengze Xu Xuegui Wang Xiaoxu Zhan Litao Shen Biorational Pesticide Research lab Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu 611130China Anyang Quanfeng Aviation plant Protection Technology Co. LtdAnyang 455000HenanChina

The application of anti-drift nozzles,such as air-induction nozzles,is the most common recommendation for reducing spray drift;To reduce the risk of coarse droplets bouncing and rolling produced by anti-drift nozzles,various types of adjuvants were screened by comparing their atomization performance,surface tension and contact angle,in order to identify favourable adjuvants that are compatible with anti-drift *** was found from the study results that the addition of 50%neem crude oil emulsifiable concentrate(neem oil),isomeric alcohol ethoxylates and BYK-405 all significantly decreased distribution span(S)and the percentage of droplet size less than 150μm(ΦVol_(<150μm))values,but significantly promoted the median volume(D_(50))*** the surface tension measurement results showed that all tested adjuvants significantly reduced the surface tension,while neem oil,FC4430 and silwetl-77 were observed with a most significant effects;Furthermore,all tested adjuvants except BYK-051N could also significantly decrease the contact angle,and the difference between neem oil,FC4430 and silwetl-77 was *** tunnel test results clearly demonstrated that the application of IDKA(a combination of air-induction nozzle IDK120-01 and neem oil)substantially decreased the drift deposition amount;In addition,the field experiments revealed that IDKA possessed a significantly improved deposition amount per unit area on canopy or bottom,leading to a more effective *** results suggest that the use of IDK120-01 nozzle and neem oil can effectively reduce spray drift,lessen surface tension and enhance spreading.

关键词： spray drift unmanned aerial vehicles air-induction nozzles surface tension contact angle

Understanding the Low Predictability of the 2015/16 El Niño Event Based on a Deep Learning Model

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Advances in Atmospheric sciences 2024年第7期41卷 1313-1325页

作者： Tingyu WANG Ping HUANG Xianke YANG Center for Monsoon System Research Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China National Space science Center Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China State Key lab.ratory of Space Weather National Space Science CenterChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China College of plant science and Technology Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070China

The 2015/16 El Niño event ranks among the top three of the last 100 years in terms of intensity,but most dynamical models had a relatively low prediction skill for this event before the summer ***,the attribution of this particular event can help us to understand the cause of super El Niño–Southern Oscillation events and how to forecast them *** present study applies attribute methods based on a deep learning model to study the key factors related to the formation of this event.A deep learning model is trained using historical simulations from 21 CMIP6 models to predict the Niño-3.4 *** integrated gradient method is then used to identify the key signals in the North Pacific that determine the evolution of the Niño-3.4 *** crucial signals are then masked in the initial conditions to verify their roles in the *** addition to confirming the key signals inducing the super El Niño event revealed in previous attribution studies,we identify the combined contribution of the tropical North Atlantic and the South Pacific oceans to the evolution and intensity of this event,emphasizing the crucial role of the interactions among them and the North *** approach is also applied to other El Niño events,revealing several new precursor *** study suggests that the deep learning method is useful in attributing the key factors inducing extreme tropical climate events.

关键词： ENSO attribution deep learning ENSO prediction extreme El Niño

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SpikingMiniLM: energy-efficient spiking transformer for natural language understanding

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science China(Information sciences) 2024年第10期67卷 115-128页

作者： Jiayu ZHANG Jiangrong SHEN Zeke WANG Qinghai GUO Rui YAN Gang PAN Huajin TANG College of Computer science and Technology Zhejiang University The State Key lab.of Brain-Machine Intelligence Zhejiang University Collab.rative Innovation Center of Artificial Intelligence Zhejiang University Advanced Computing and Storage lab.ratory Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd. College of Computer science and Technology Zhejiang University of Technology MOE Frontier science Center for Brain science and Brain-Machine Integration Zhejiang University

In the era of large-scale pretrained models, artificial neural networks（ANNs） have excelled in natural language understanding（NLU） tasks. However, their success often necessitates substantial computational resources and energy consumption. To address this, we explore the potential of spiking neural networks（SNNs） in NLU——a promising avenue with demonstrated advantages, including reduced power consumption and improved efficiency due to their event-driven characteristics. We propose the SpikingMiniLM,a novel spiking Transformer model tailored for natural language understanding. We first introduce a multi-step encoding method to convert text embeddings into spike trains. Subsequently, we redesign the attention mechanism and residual connections to make our model operate on the pure spike-based paradigm without any normalization technique. To facilitate stable and fast convergence, we propose a general parameter initialization method grounded in the stable firing rate principle. Furthermore, we apply an ANN-to-SNN knowledge distillation to overcome the challenges of pretraining SNNs. Our approach achieves a macro-average score of 75.5 on the dev sets of the GLUE benchmark, retaining 98% of the performance exhibited by the teacher model MiniLMv2. Our smaller model also achieves similar performance to BERTMINIwith fewer parameters and much lower energy consumption, underscoring its competitiveness and resource efficiency in NLU tasks.

关键词： spiking neural networks natural language understanding spiking Transformer spike-based attention multi-step encoding ANN-to-SNN distillation

Acquiring Weak Annotations for Tumor Localization in Temporal and Volumetric Data

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Machine Intelligence Research 2024年第2期21卷 318-330页

作者： Yu-Cheng Chou Bowen Li Deng-Ping Fan Alan Yuille Zongwei Zhou Department of Computer science Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimore 21218USA Computer Vision lab ETH ZurichZurich 8001Switzerland

Creating large-scale and well-annotated datasets to train AI algorithms is crucial for automated tumor detection and ***,with limited resources,it is challenging to determine the best type of annotations when annotating massive amounts of unlab.led *** address this issue,we focus on polyps in colonoscopy videos and pancreatic tumors in abdominal CT scans;Both applications require significant effort and time for pixel-wise annotation due to the high dimensional nature of the data,involving either temporary or spatial *** this paper,we develop a new annotation strategy,termed Drag&Drop,which simplifies the annotation process to drag and *** annotation strategy is more efficient,particularly for temporal and volumetric imaging,than other types of weak annotations,such as per-pixel,bounding boxes,scribbles,ellipses and ***,to exploit our Drag&Drop annotations,we develop a novel weakly supervised learning method based on the watershed *** results show that our method achieves better detection and localization performance than alternative weak annotations and,more importantly,achieves similar performance to that trained on detailed per-pixel ***,we find that,with limited resources,allocating weak annotations from a diverse patient population can foster models more robust to unseen images than allocating per-pixel annotations for a small set of *** summary,this research proposes an efficient annotation strategy for tumor detection and localization that is less accurate than per-pixel annotations but useful for creating large-scale datasets for screening tumors in various medical modalities.

关键词： Weak annotation detection localization segmentation colonoscopy abdomen