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Quantitative impact of mating duration on reproduction and offspring sex ratio of Phytoseiulus persimilis(Acari: Phytoseiidae)

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2019年第4期18卷 884-892页

作者： Lü Jia-le ZHANG Bao-he JIANG Xiao-huan WANG En-dong XU Xue-nong lab of predatory mites Institute of Plant Protection Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Phytoseiulus persimilis is an important biological control agent, commercially produced worldwide. To increase understandings of its reproduction, herein we provided quantitative descriptions of the inflation and deflation of its spermathecae as a function of time and copulation duration, and the quantitative impact of copulation termination on volume of spermatheca vesicle, fecundity, and offspring sex ratio. After mating started, at least one spermatheca started to inflate immediately, but no egg was produced until spermatheca volume reached 1 021 μm3. Beyond this size, cumulative fecundity was linearly correlated with vesicle volume. Producing one egg required 36 μm3 volume increase of the vesicle. Each spermatheca vesicle reached its peak size at the end of mating duration(ca. 2.38 h after mating started), and started to shrink immediately. In 24 h, ca. 71% individuals had one completely shriveled spermatheca, while in 72 h all individuals had at least one shriveled spermatheca. The estimated maximum cumulative fecundity per female after a single mating is(69.4±7.7) eggs. No significant impact of mating termination on offspring sex ratio was observed after mating duration reached 60 min, while higher proportion of male offspring was observed when mating duration is 15 or 30 min. This study is the first step to investigate possible male impact on offspring sex ratio in P. persimilis. Our results suggested the number of sperms received during mating be a restriction factor of P. persimilis offspring sex ratio regulation.

关键词： predatory mite pseudoarrhe no toky spermathecae fecun dity sex determi nation

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Impact of metal polluted sewage water on soil nematode assemblages in agricultural settings of Aligarh,India

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Soil Ecology Letters 2024年第1期6卷 61-75页

作者： Mohammed F.S.A.Ghanem Shahid Afzal Humira Nesar Zarrin Imran Wasim Ahmad Nematode Biodiversity Research lab Department of ZoologyAligarh Muslim UniversityAligarh 202002India

Sewage water in agriculture threatens human health and soil ecosystems through metal pollution.Nematodes show promise as bioindicators of soil health due to their abundance and position in soil food webs.Metal-polluted water decreased abundance of certain nematode groups and Sigma Maturity Index.Metal pollution positively affected nematode groups with r-selected life cycles.Sewage water has been inappropriately used in agriculture,posing possible threats to human health and the soil ecosystems by its constituent pollutants,especially heavy metals.Correct evaluation of its influences on soil biomes needs to consider the response of soil fauna.Among soil organisms,nematodes are seen as the best promising candidates for bioindicators of soil health.Here in,we collected soil samples from fresh water irrigated field from three sites(S1,S2 and S3)and sewage water irrigated distance gradient(5 m-40 m),to assess the influence of metal(Cu,Zn,Cd,Mn,Pb)polluted water on various characteristics of nematode communities.The results indicated that the heavy metals decreased the abundance of C-p3 nematodes,herbivores,and predatory nematodes as well as sigma maturity index,whereas,C-p1,C-p2,bacterivore and fungivore nematodes abundance and diversity positively responded to the metal pollution.Generally,nematode genera with r-selected life cycle were positively affected and those with K-selected life cycle were negatively affected by metal pollution.Overall nematode community has potential to be used as indicator of pollution stress in agricultural soils to check soil health and sustainability.

关键词： heavy metals sewage irigation agriculture nematodes bioindicators

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Investigation on the Mechanical Properties and Shape Memory Effect of Landing Buffer Structure Based on Ni Ti Alloy Printing

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2023年第4期36卷 415-424页

作者： Zhenglei Yu Renlong Xin Zezhou Xu Yining Zhu Xiaolong Zhang Shijie Hao Zhihui Zhang Ping Liang State Key laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control Jilin University Key lab of Bionic Engineering Ministry of Education Jilin University Agriculture College Yanbian University State Key laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing China University of Petroleum

With the deepening of human research on deep space exploration, our research on the soft landing methods of landers has gradually deepened. Adding a buffer and energy-absorbing structure to the leg structure of the lander has become an effective design solution. Based on the energy-absorbing structure of the leg of the interstellar lander, this paper studies the appearance characteristics of the predatory feet of the Odontodactylus scyllarus. The predatory feet of the Odontodactylus scyllarus can not only hit the prey highly when preying, but also can easily withstand the huge counter-impact force. The predatory feet structure of the Odontodactylus scyllarus, like a symmetrical cone, shows excellent rigidity and energy absorption capacity. Inspired by this discovery, we used SLM technology to design and manufacture two nickel-titanium samples, which respectively show high elasticity, shape memory, and get better energy absorption capacity. This research provides an effective way to design and manufacture highmechanical energy-absorbing buffer structures using bionic 3D printing technology and nickel-titanium alloys.

关键词： Bionic protective structure Odontodactylus scyllarus NiTi alloy 3D printing Numerical simulation Recoverability

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The associated evolution of raptorial foreleg and mantispid diversification during 200 million years

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National Science Review 2023年第12期10卷 49-52页

作者： Dahang Lai Peichao Chen Shumin Li Xianzhe Xiang Haohong Ou Nuoyao Kang Jingtao Yang Hong Pang Chung Kun Shih Conrad C.labandeira Dong Ren Qiang Yang Chaofan Shi School of Earth Sciences and Engineering Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources Sun Yat-sen University School of Life Sciences Key Laboratory of Conservation and Application in Biodiversity of South China Guangzhou University School of Ecology Sun Yat-sen University College of Life Sciences Capital Normal University Department of Paleobiology National Museum of Natural HistorySmithsonian Institution Department of Entomology University of Maryland College Park

Adaptive evolution of predatory structure grants carnivores selective advantages[1], which evokes questions regarding the mechanism of functional adaptation via morphological variation and their potential impact on lineage diversification. Raptorial foreleg, as a key predatory structure in insects, is typically characterized by elongate coxae and stout femora possessing spines, and has evolved independently in many lineages [2].

关键词： DICTYOPTERA

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Distinct disulfide isomers of alpha-conotoxin TxIA blockα3β2 nAChRs differently

Distinct disulfide isomers of alpha-conotoxin TxIA blockα3...

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第十一届中国生物毒素研究及医药应用年会

作者：吴勇 Wu xiaosa Zhu xiaopeng Yu jinpeng Zhangsun dongting 罗素兰 Key laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources Ministry of EducationKey Lab for Marine Drug of HaikouHainan University 海南大学热带生物资源教育部重点实验室、海口市海洋药物重点实验室

Alpha-Conotoxins(a-CTxs) are short disulfide-rich peptides isolated from the venom of the predatory marine snails of the genus Conus,which are competitive antagonists of different subtypes of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors(nAChRs).nAChRs are cationic channels that mediate fast synaptic transmission within the peripheral and central nervous system and present important targets for the development of novel drugs for the treatment of pain and various disorders of the central nervous system.α-CTx TxIA is a 16-residue conotoxin with 4/7 intercysteine spacing and was found by Dutertre et al firstly,which was also isolated from Conus textile native to the South China Sea in our lab.α-CTx TxIA had been characterized on oocyte-expressed nAChRs and shown to be selective primarily for theα3β2 nAChR subtype.In the present study,we synthesized three isomers ofα-CTx TxIA with selective oxidation strategy and examined the structures and activities of the globular isomer and the non-native isomers.The "globular" isomer with native peptide disulfide bond connectivity was the most potent onα3β2 nAChRs expressed in Xenopus oocytes,which had an IC50 of 3-9.5 nM and was similar with the IC50 reported for the native toxin(2 nM).The ribbon isomer ofα-CTx TxIA was 10 times less potent than the globular isomer.While beads isomer showed no inhibition onα3β2 nAChRs.

关键词： α-Conotoxins Disulfide isomers α3β2 nAChRs

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