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Occurrence and possible sources of antibiotic resistance genes in seawater of the South China Sea

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FrONTiErS OF ENVirONMENTAL SCiENCE & ENGiNEEriNG 2024年第9期18卷 108-0页

作者： Lu, Jian Wu, Jun Zhang, Cui Wang, Jianhua He, Xia Chinese Acad Sci Yantai Inst Coastal Zone Res YIC CAS Key Lab Coastal Environm Proc & Ecol Remediat Shandong Key Lab Coastal Environm ProcYICCAS Yantai 264003 Peoples R China Harbin Engn Univ Yantai Res Inst Yantai 264006 Peoples R China Guilin Univ Technol Coll Environm Sci & Engn Guilin 541006 Peoples R China

Antibiotic resistance genes (ArGs) might have great effect on ecological security and human health. Oceans are important reservoirs that receive tremendous amounts of pollutants globally. However, information on the proliferation of ArGs in seawater is still limited. This study performed field sampling to investigate the occurrence and distribution of ArGs in seawater of the South China Sea, which is the deepest and largest sea in China. The results showed that the total absolute abundances of ArGs in seawater samples ranged from 2.1 x 103 to 2.3 x 104 copies/mL, with an of 5.0 x 103 copies/mL and a range of 2.2 x 103-1.8 x 104 copies/mL for those with mobile genetic elements (MGEs). Genes resistant to multidrug, aminoglycoside, tetracycline, and fluoroquinolone antibiotics accounted for 77.3%-88.6% of total ArGs in seawater. Proteobacteria and Cyanobacteria represented 32.1%-56.2% and 30.4%-49.5% of microbial community, respectively. Prochlorococcus_MiT9313 and Clade_la were the prevalent genera in seawater of the South China Sea. Complex co-occurrence relationship existed among ArGs, MGEs, and bacteria. Anthropogenic activities had critical influence on ArGs and MGEs. Hospital wastewater, wastewater treatment plant effluent, sewage, aquaculture tailwater, and runoff were determined as the important sources of ArGs in seawater of the South China Sea based on positive matrix factorization analysis.

关键词： The South China Sea Antibiotic resistance genes Mobile genetic element Source apportionment DiVErSiTY

Synergetic pathways of water-energy-carbon in ecologically vulnerable regions aiming for carbon neutrality: a case study of Shaanxi, China

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FrONTiErS OF ENVirONMENTAL SCiENCE & ENGiNEEriNG 2024年第9期18卷 106-0页

作者： Liu, Yingying Li, Hanbing Chen, Sha Zhang, Lantian Li, Sumei Lv, He Gao, Ji Cui, Shufen Jiang, Kejun Beijing Univ Technol Dept Environm Sci Key Lab Beijing Reg Air Pollut Control Beijing 100124 Peoples R China China Met ind Planning & res inst Beijing 100711 Peoples R China Environm Def Fund Beijing 100007 Peoples R China Lishui Univ Dept Elect Lishui 323000 Peoples R China Energy res inst Beijing 100038 Peoples R China

Synergetic energy-water-carbon pathways are key issues to be tackled under carbon-neutral target and high-quality development worldwide, especially in ecologically vulnerable regions (EVrs). in this study, to explore the synergistic pathways in an EVr, a water-energy-carbon assessment (WECA) model was built, and the synergistic effects of water-energy-carbon were comprehensively and quantitatively analyzed under various scenarios of regional transition. Shaanxi Province was chosen as the representative EVr, and Lower challenge (LEC) and Greater challenge (GEr) scenarios of zero-carbon transition were set considering the technological maturity and regional energy characteristics. The results showed that there were limited effects under the zero-carbon transition of the entire region on reducing water withdrawals and improving the water quality. in the LEC scenario, the energy demand and CO2 emissions of Shaanxi in 2060 will decrease by 70.9% and 99.4%, respectively, whereas the water withdrawal and freshwater aquatic ecotoxicity potential (FAETP) will only decrease by 8.9% and 1.6%, respectively. This could be attributed to the stronger demand for electricity in the energy demand sector caused by industrial transition measures. The GEr scenario showed significant growth in water withdrawals (16.0%) and FAETP (36.0%) because of additional biomass demand. To promote the synergetic development of regional transition, EVrs should urgently promote zero-carbon technologies (especially solar and wind power technologies) between 2020 and 2060 and dry cooling technology for power generation before 2030. in particular, a cautious attitude toward the biomass energy with carbon capture and storage technology in EVrs is strongly recommended.

关键词： Carbon neutrality Water withdrawals Water environment quality Ecologically vulnerable region Typical regional transition CO2 EMiSSiONS

Acoustic radiation force on a cylindrical composite particle with an elastic thin shell and an internal eccentric liquid column in a plane ultrasonic wave field

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CHiNESE PHYSiCS B 2024年第9期33卷 423-431页

作者： Pan, rui-Qi Du, Zhi-Wei Wang, Cheng-Hui Hu, Jing Mo, run-Yang Shaanxi Normal Univ Inst Shaanxi Key Lab Ultrason Xian 710119 Peoples R China

A model with three-layer structure is introduced to explore the acoustic radiation force (ArF) on composite particles with an elastic thin shell. Combing acoustic scattering of cylinder and the thin-shell theorem, the ArF expression was derived, and the longitudinal and transverse components of the force and axial torque for an eccentric liquid-filled composite particle was obtained. it was found that many factors, such as medium properties, acoustic parameters, eccentricity, and radius ratio of the inner liquid column, affect the acoustic scattering field of the particle, which in turn changes the forces and torque. The acoustic response varies with the particle structures, so the resonance peaks of the force function and torque shift with the eccentricity and radii ratio of particle. The acoustic response of the particle is enhanced and exhibits higher force values due to the presence of the elastic thin shell and the coupling effect with the eccentricity of the internal liquid column. The decrease of the inner liquid density may suppress the high-order resonance peaks, and internal fluid column has less effects on the change in force on composite particle at ka > 3, while limited differences exist at ka ial torque on particles due to geometric asymmetry is closely related to ka and the eccentricity. The distribution of positive and negative force and torque along the axis ka exhibits that composite particle can be manipulated or separated by ultrasound. Our theoretical analysis can provide support for the acoustic manipulation, sorting, and targeting of inhomogeneous particles.

关键词： acoustic radiation force acoustic scattering of cylinders elastic shell composite particles SCATTEriNG CYLiNDEr EXPANSiON PresSUrE

Orbital angular momentum conversion of acoustic vortex beams via planar lattice coupling

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CHiNESE PHYSiCS B 2024年第9期33卷 413-420页

作者： Han, Qingbang Liu, Zhipeng Yin, Cheng Wu, Simeng Luo, Yinlong Yang, Zixin Pan, Xiuyang Wang, Yiqiu Kan, Xuefen Zhang, Yuqiu Yu, Qiang Wu, Jian Hohai Univ Coll Informat Sci & Engn Changzhou 213200 Peoples R China Natl Univ Def Technol Coll Adv Interdisciplinary Studies Nanhu Laser Lab Changsha 410073 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Suzhou Inst Nanotech & Nanob i Lab Suzhou 215123 Peoples R China Jiangsu Shipping Coll Sch Transportat Engn Nantong 226010 Peoples R China

Orbital angular momentum (OAM) conversion is critical in understanding interactions between a structural sound field and a planar lattice. Herein, we explore the evolution of a monochromatic acoustic vortex beam (AVB) that is scattered by a phononic crystal (PnC) or a correlated random lattice. The phenomenon is ascribed to the enhanced orbit-orbit angular momentum coupling induced by the band structure. By modifying the coupling condition, accurate and continuous micro-manipulation of AVBs can be achieved, including the transverse/lateral gravity shift, the dynamics of the phase singularities, and the spatial distribution of acoustic pressure, etc. This research provides insight to the inhomogeneous coupling of AVBs with both propagating Bloch waves and localized Anderson modes, and may facilitate development of novel OAM-based acoustic devices for active sound field manipulation.

关键词： acoustic vortex beam phononic crystal Anderson localization imbert-Fedorov effect 43.40.+s 43.20.+g 46.40.-f 46.40.Cd

Acetic acid- and furfural-based adaptive evolution of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains for improving stress tolerance and lignocellulosic ethanol production

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CHiNESE JOUrNAL OF CHEMiCAL ENGiNEEriNG 2024年第8期72卷 26-33页

作者： rehman, Omama Wu, Youduo Zhang, Quan Guo, Jin Sun, Cuihuan Gao, Huipeng Xu, Yaqing Xu, rui Shahid, Ayesha Xue, Chuang Dalian Univ Technol Frontiers Sci Ctr Smart Mat Oriented Chem Engn Engn Res Ctr Applicat & Transformat Synthet Biol State Key Lab Fine ChemSch Bioengn Dalian 116024 Peoples R China Dalian Univ Technol Ningbo Inst Ningbo 315016 Peoples R China Petr & Petrochem Co Ltd SINOPEC Dalian Res Inst Dalian 116041 Peoples R China Microbial res inst Liaoning Prov Chaoyang 122000 Peoples R China Yunnan Prov rural Energy Engn Key lab Kunming 650600 Peoples R China Univ Agr Faisalabad US Pak Ctr Adv Studies Agr & Food Secur Faisalabad Pakistan

Acetic acid and furfural are known as prevalent inhibitors deriving from pretreatment during lignocellulosic ethanol production. They negatively impact cell growth, glucose uptake and ethanol biosynthesis of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains. Development of industrial S. cerevisiae strains with high tolerance towards these inhibitors is thus critical for efficient lignocellulosic ethanol production. in this study, the acetic acid or furfural tolerance of different S. cerevisiae strains could be significantly enhanced after adaptive evolution via serial cultivation for 40 generations under stress conditions. The acetic acid-based adaptive strain SPSC01-TA9 produced 30.5 g center dot L-1 ethanol with a yield of 0.46 g center dot g-1 in the presence of 9 g center dot L-1 acetic acid, while the acetic acid/furfural-based adaptive strain SPSC01-TAF94 produced more ethanol of 36.2 g center dot L-1 with increased yield up to 0.49 g center dot g-1 in the presence of both 9 g center dot L-1 acetic acid and 4 g center dot L-1 furfural. Significant improvements were also observed during non-detoxified corn stover hydrolysate culture by SPSC01-TAF94, which achieved ethanol production and yield of 29.1 g center dot L-1 and 0.49 g center dot g-1, respectively, the growth and fermentation efficiency of acetic acid/furfural-based adaptive strain in hydrolysate was 95% higher than those of wildtype strains, indicating the acetic acid- and furfural-based adaptive evolution strategy could be an effective approach for improving lignocellulosic ethanol production. The adapted strains developed in this study with enhanced tolerance against acetic acid and furfural could be potentially contribute to economically feasible and sustainable lignocellulosic biorefinery. (c) 2024 The Chemical industry and Engineering Society of China, and Chemical industry Press Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Saccharomyces cerevisiae Lignocellulosic ethanol production Adaptive evolution Acetic acid Furfural iNHiBiTOrS ADAPTATiON BiOETHANOL SELECTiON BATCH

Quantum confinement of carriers in the type-i quantum wells structure

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CHiNESE PHYSiCS B 2024年第9期33卷 553-558页

作者： Li, Xinxin Deng, Zhen Jiang, Yang Du, Chunhua Jia, Haiqiang Wang, Wenxin Chen, Hong Chinese Acad Sci Inst Phys Beijing Natl Lab Condensed Matter Phys Key Lab Renewable EnergyBeijing Key Lab New Energ Beijing 100190 Peoples R China Univ Chinese Acad Sci Ctr Mat & Optoelect Engn Beijing 100049 Peoples R China Yangtze river Delta Phys res Ctr Liyang 213300 Peoples R China Songshan Lake Mat lab Dongguan Peoples R China

Quantum confinement is recognized to be an inherent property in low-dimensional structures. Traditionally, it is believed that the carriers trapped within the well cannot escape due to the discrete energy levels. However, our previous research has revealed efficient carrier escape in low-dimensional structures, contradicting this conventional understanding. in this study, we review the energy band structure of quantum wells along the growth direction considering it as a superposition of the bulk material dispersion and quantization energy dispersion resulting from the quantum confinement across the whole Brillouin zone. By accounting for all wave vectors, we obtain a certain distribution of carrier energy at each quantized energy level, giving rise to the energy subbands. These results enable carriers to escape from the well under the influence of an electric field. Additionally, we have compiled a comprehensive summary of various energy band scenarios in quantum well structures relevant to carrier transport. Such a new interpretation holds significant value in deepening our comprehension of low-dimensional energy bands, discovering new physical phenomena, and designing novel devices with superior performance.

关键词： energy band quantum confinement type-i quantum wells low-dimensional structures 73.21.Fg 73.20.At 73.63.-b

Direct observation of ordered-disordered structural transition of MoS2-confined ionic liquids

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CHiNESE JOUrNAL OF CHEMiCAL ENGiNEEriNG 2024年第8期72卷 126-132页

作者： Lu, Yumiao Ding, Weilu Li, Kun Wang, Yanlei Cao, Bobo He, ruirui He, Hongyan Chinese Acad Sci Beijing Key Lab Ion Liquids Clean Proc CAS Key Lab Green Proc & Engn State Key Lab Mesosci & EngnInst Proc Engn Beijing 100190 Peoples R China Univ Chinese Acad Sci Beijing 100049 Peoples R China Zhengzhou inst Emerging ind Technol Longzihu New Energy Lab Zhengzhou 450000 Peoples R China

ionic liquids (iLs) are an emerging class of media of fundamental importance for chemical engineering, especially due to their interaction with solid surfaces. Here, we explore the growth phenomenon of surface-confined iLs and reveal a peculiar structural transition behavior from order to disorder above a threshold thickness. This behavior can be explained by the variation of interfacial forces with increasing distance from the solid surface. Direct structural observation of different iLs highlights the influence of the ionic structure on the growth process. Notably, the length of the alkyl chain in the cation is found to be a determining factor for the ordering trend. Also, the thermal stability of surface-confined iLs is investigated in depth by controlling annealing treatments. it is found that the ordered monolayer iLs exhibit high robustness against high temperatures. Our findings provide new perspectives on the properties of surface-confined iLs and open up potential avenues for manipulating the structures of nanometer-thick iL films for various applications. (c) 2024 The Chemical industry and Engineering Society of China, and Chemical industry Press Co., Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, Ai training, and similar technologies.

关键词： ionic liquids (iLs) Surface-confined iLs Structural transition Thermal stability interfacial forces FOrCE-FiELD FriCTiON FiLMS

Single crystal growth and characterization of 166-type magnetic kagome metals

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CHiNESE PHYSiCS B 2024年第9期33卷 145-150页

作者： Wu, Huangyu Liu, Jinjin Li, Yongkai Zhu, Peng Yang, Liu Chen, Fuhong Hu, Deng Wang, Zhiwei Beijing inst Technol Ctr Quantum Phys Sch Phys Key Lab Adv Optoelect Quantum Architecture & Measu Beijing 100081 Peoples R China Beijing inst Technol Beijing Key Lab Nanophoton & Ultrafine Optoelect S Beijing 100081 Peoples R China Yangtze Delta reg Acad Beijing inst Technol Mat Sci Ctr Jiaxing 314011 Peoples R China Beijing inst Technol Zhuhai 519000 Peoples R China

Kagome magnets were predicted to be a good platform to investigate correlated topology band structure, Chern quantum phase, and geometrical frustration due to their unique lattice geometry. Here we reported single crystal growth of 166-type kagome magnetic materials, including HfMn6Sn6, ZrMn6Sn6, GdMn6Sn6 and GdV6Sn6, by using the flux method with Sn as the flux. Among them, HfMn6Sn6 and ZrMn6Sn6 single crystals were grown for the first time. X-ray diffraction measurements reveal that all four samples crystallize in HfFe6Ge6-type hexagonal structure with space group P6/mmm. All samples show metallic behavior from temperature dependence of resistivity measurements, and the dominant carrier is hole, except for GdV6Sn6 which is electron dominated. All samples have magnetic order with different transition temperatures, HfMn6Sn6, ZrMn6Sn6 and GdV6Sn6 are antiferromagnetic with TN of 541 K, 466 K and 4 K respectively, while GdMn6Sn6 is ferrimagnetic with the critical temperature of about 470 K. This study will enrich the research platform of magnetic kagome materials and help explore the novel quantum phenomena in these interesting materials. The dataset of specific crystal structure parameters for HfMn6Sn6 are available in Science Data Bank, with the link https://***/10.57760/sciencedb.j00113.00120.

关键词： kagome metal single crystal growth crystal structure physical property 81.10.-h 71.55.Ak 75.47.-m HFFE6GE6-TYPE GD TM TB

Saline-alkali land reclamation boosts topsoil carbon storage by preferentially accumulating plant-derived carbon

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SCiENCE BULLETiN 2024年第10期69卷 2948-2958页

作者： Chen, Lin Zhou, Guixiang Feng, Biao Wang, Chao Luo, Yu Li, Fang Shen, Congcong Ma, Donghao Zhang, Congzhi Zhang, Jiabao Chinese Acad Sci Inst Soil Sci State Key Lab Soil & Sustainable Agr Fengqiu Expt Stn Natl Ecosyst Res Network China Nanjing 211135 Peoples R China Univ Chinese Acad Sci Beijing 100049 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Inst Appl Ecol Key Lab Forest Ecol & Management Shenyang 110016 Peoples R China Zhejiang Univ Inst Soil & Water Resources & Environm Sci Zhejiang Prov Key Lab Agr Resources & Environm Hangzhou 310058 Peoples R China Henan Agr Univ Coll Resources & Environm Zhengzhou 450002 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Res Ctr Ecoenvironm Sci State Key Lab Urban & Reg Ecol Beijing 100085 Peoples R China

Saline-alkali land is an important cultivated land reserve resource for tackling global climate change and ensuring food security, partly because it can store large amounts of carbon (C). However, it is unclear how saline-alkali land reclamation (converting saline-alkali land into cultivated land) affects soil C storage. We collected 189 adjacent pairs of salt-affected and cultivated soil samples (0-30 cm deep) from the Songnen Plain, eastern coastal area, Hetao Plain, and northwestern arid area in China. Various soil properties, the soil inorganic C (SiC), organic C (SOC), particulate organic C (POC), and mineral-associated organic C (MAOC) densities, and plant- and microbial-derived C accumulation were determined. Saline-alkali land reclamation inconsistently affected the SiC density but significantly (P P increased the SOC density. The SOC, POC, and MAOC densities were predicted well by the integrative soil amelioration index. Saline-alkali land reclamation significantly increased plant-derived C accumulation and the plant-derived C to microbial-derived C ratios in all saline-alkali areas, and less microbial transformation of plant-derived C (i.e., less lignin degradation or oxidation) occurred in cultivated soils than salt-affected soils. The results indicated that saline-alkali land reclamation leads to plant-derived C becoming the dominant contributor of SOC storage. POC storage and MAOC storage were strongly linked to plant- and microbial-derived C accumulation, respectively, caused by saline-alkali land reclamation. Our findings suggest that saline-alkali land reclamation increases C storage in topsoil by preferentially promoting plant-derived C accumulation. (c) 2024 Science China Press. Published by Elsevier B.V. and Science China Press. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, Ai training, and similar technologies.

关键词： Saline-alkali land Salt-affected soil Particulate organic carbon Mineral-associated organic carbon Plant-derived carbon SOiL-SALiNiTY AGriCULTUrAL SOiLS OrGANiC-MATTEr SODiCiTY MANAGEMENT DYNAMiCS FUNGAL