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Metamodeling and multicriteria analysis for sustainable and passive residential building refurbishment: A case study of French housing stock

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Building Simulation 2022年第3期15卷 453-472页

作者： Zaid Romani Abdeslam Draoui Francis Allard LaRAT National School of Architecture of TetouanMorocco Team of Heat Transfer&Energetic FST of Tangier(UAE/U10FST) Abdelmalek Essaâdi UniversityMorocco lasie La Rochelle UniversityFrance

For the energy-related issues that the world is facing nowadays,the renovation of the building stock is one of the major challenges.The objective of this study is to present an approach that helps to develop a multi-criteria decision support tool dedicated to the rehabilitation of sustainable and passive energy housing by integrating heating energy needs,economic,social and environmental criteria throughout the life cycle stages of the building.The methodology consists of developing metamodels to predict heating energy needs from polynomial regression,design of experiments method and thermo-aeraulic simulations of building behavior.This metamodel is used to carry out a combinatorial study of real technical solutions.The methodology was applied to a real-life existing building located in La Rochelle city(France)based on an in-situ energy diagnosis.Three multicriteria analysis methods were studied and compared:weighted sum,Min-Max and Pareto concept.Furthermore,technical constraints as well as owner preferences and performance constraints have been studied.Optimal technical solutions have been obtained in order to meet the various criteria studied.In addition,window shading and natural ventilation have been proposed to reduce the thermal discomfort rate in summer.This study was extended to all French regions.Finally,this method can be transformed into a decision support tool which will be useful for architects,engineers and stockholders.

关键词： metamodeling building refurbishment multi-criteria decision support sustainable building passive building

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Vapor intrusion in buildings: Development of semi-empirical models including lateral separation between the building and the pollution source

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Building Simulation 2022年第12期15卷 2031-2049页

作者： Juan Sebastian Rios Mora Thierno Diallo Bernard Collignan Marc Abadie Karim Limam Centre Scientifique et Technique du Batiment Health and Comfort DepartmentSaint-Martin-d'HèresCO 38400France University of La Rochelle Laboratoire des Sciences de I'Ingénieur pour I'Environnement-LaSIE UMR CNRS 7356La RochelleCO 17042France

Future constructions in the context of the industrial wastelands reuse may be exposed to Vapor Intrusion(VI).VI can be evaluated by combining in-situ measures and analytical models to evaluate exposure risk in future indoor environments.However,the assumptions in the existing models may reduce their accuracy when they do not meet the characteristics of real situations.Wrong estimations of indoor concentration levels may lead to inappropriate solutions against VI.In this context,new semi-empirical models(SEM)are proposed in order to better specify pollution scenarios and thus increase the accuracy of VI estimations.This development is based on a parametric study(numerical CFD)and a dimensionless analysis combined to existing VI models that consider a continuous source distribution in the soil.These expressions allow to better take into account the source position in the soil(i.***.depth and lateral source/building separation),soil properties(air permeability,diffusion coefficient of the pollutant,…)and building features(building foundation,indoor pressure,air exchange rate,…)in the estimation of indoor concentration levels.The obtained results with the proposed SEM were compared with a numerical CFD model and available experimental data,showing good accuracy in the estimation of VI.Given the advantages of these new models,they can provide better precision in the health risk assessments associated with VI.Furthermore,these expressions can be easily integrated into building ventilation codes allowing to consider air exchange rate and indoor pressure variations over time.

关键词： indoor air quality lateral source/building distance polluted soils semi-empirical models vapor intrusion

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pH-distribution of cerium species in aqueous systems

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Journal of Rare Earths 2012年第6期30卷 559-562页

作者： B.Bouchaud J.Balmain *** F.Pedraza University of La Rochelle Laboratory of Engineering Science for the Environment LaSIE FRE-CNRS3474Avenue Michel Crépeau 17042 La Rochelle cedex 01FRANCE

Cerium-based oxide coatings can be obtained through either chemical or electrochemical processes on various conductor and semiconductor substrates. In both cases the films develop through a precipitation mechanism, which strongly depends on the solution chemistry. In the particular case of the electrolytic approach, the elaboration parameters play a key role on the interfacial pH modification thereby leading to an indirect precipitation mechanism. Indeed, the nucleation and growth mechanisms of crystallites and the composition of the resulting layers have been shown to be also strongly affected by the deposition conditions as well as by the substrate composition, which could in turn modify the protectiveness provided by such coatings. Therefore a better fundamental understanding of the system is required, in particular of the distribution of cerium-containing species in aqueous solution. To this end, the present work intended to develop a diagram showing the distribution as well as the relative amount of Ce（Ⅲ）/Ce（Ⅳ） species in aqueous media as a fimction of the pH range. The resulting pH-distribution diagram turned out to be a useful tool to predict the relevant precipitation mechanisms and species involved during the growth of ceriuna-containing films and to draw correlations with the characteristics of the as-deposited films.

关键词： pH-distribution diagram electrodeposition cerium-based oxide films precipitation mechanisms rare earths

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Optimal flow conditions of a tracheobronchial model to reengineer lung structures

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2017年第2期33卷 284-294页

作者： Stefano Casarin Federico Aletti Giuseppe Baselli Marc Garbey lasie UMR CNTS Univeristy of La Rochelle La Rochelle France Houston Methodist Hospital Research Institute Houston TX USA Dipartimento di Elettronica Informazione e Bioingegneria Politecnico di Milano Milan Italy

The high demand for lung transplants cannot be matched by an adequate number of lungs from donors. Since fully ex-novo lungs are far from being feasible, tissue engineering is actively considering implantation of engineered lungs where the devitalized structure of a donor is used as scaffold to be repopulated by stem cells of the receiving patient. A decellularized donated lung is treated inside a bioreactor where transport through the tracheobronchial tree (TBT) will allow for both deposition of stem cells and nourishment for their subsequent growth, thus developing new lung tissue. The key concern is to set optimally the boundary conditions to utilize in the bioreactor. We propose a predictive model of slow liquid ventilation, which combines a one-dimensional (1-D) mathematical model of the TBT and a solute deposition model strongly dependent on fluid velocity across the tree. With it, we were able to track and drive the concentration of a generic solute across the airways, looking for its optimal distribution. This was given by properly adjusting the pumps’ regime serving the bioreactor. A feedback system, created by coupling the two models, allowed us to derive the optimal pattern. The TBT model can be easily invertible, thus yielding a straightforward flow/pressure law at the inlet to optimize the efficiency of the bioreactor.

关键词： Bioreactor Lung rehabilitation Network flow Tissue engineering Transport of solute

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An efficient sensitivity analysis for energy performance of building envelope: A continuous derivative based approach

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Building Simulation 2021年第4期14卷 909-930页

作者： Ainagul Jumabekova Julien Berger Aurélie Foucquier UMR 5271 CNRS LOCIEUniversity of Grenoble AlpesUniversity of Savoie Mont Blanc73000ChambéryFrance lasie La Rochelle UniversityCNRSUMR 735617000La RochelleFrance CEA LITENDTSINESUniversity of Grenoble AlpesF-38000GrenobleFrance

Within the framework of building energy assessment,this article proposes to use a derivative based sensitivity analysis of heat transfer models in a building envelope.Two,global and local,estimators are obtained at low computational cost,to evaluate the influence of the parameters on the model outputs.Ranking of these estimators values allows to reduce the number of model unknown parameters by excluding non-significant parameters.A comparison with variance and regression-based methods is carried out and the results highlight the satisfactory accuracy of the continuous-based approach.Moreover,for the carried investigations the approach is 100 times faster compared to the variance-based methods.A case study applies the method to a real-world building wall.The sensitivity of the thermal loads to local or global variations of the wall thermal properties is investigated.Additionally,a case study of wall with window is analyzed.

关键词： heat transfer sensitivity analysis continuous derivative based approach parameter estimation problem DuFort-Frankel numerical scheme sensitivity coefficients

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Modeling Water Adsorption and Retention of Building Materials From Pore Size Distribution

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2019年第6期7卷 547-556页

作者： Abdelkrim Trabelsi Zakaria Slimani Akli Younsi Joseph Virgone Rafik Belarbi Univ Lyon CNRSINSA-LyonUniversitéClaude Bernard Lyon 1CETHIL UMR5008F-69621VilleurbanneFrance University of La Rochelle CNRSLaSIEUMR-7356Avenue Michel Crépeau17042 La Rochelle Cedex 1France

Water adsorption and capillarity are key phenomena involved during heat and moisture transfer in porous building materials.They account for interaction between solid matrix,liquid water and moist air.They are considered through Water Vapor Adsorption Isotherm(WVAI)and Retention Curve(RC)functions which are constitutive laws characterizing water activity within a porous medium.The objective of this paper is to present a water vapor adsorption and retention models built from multimodal Pore Size Distribution Function(PSDF)and to see how its parameters modify moisture storage for hygroscopic and near saturation ranges.The microstructure of the porous medium is represented statistically by a bundle of tortuous parallel pores through its PSDF.Firstly,the influence of contact angle and temperature on storage properties were investigated.Secondly,a parametric study was performed to see the influence of the PSDF shape on storage properties.Three cases were studied considering the number of modalities,the weight of each modality and the dispersion around mean radius.Finally,as a validation,the proposed model for WVAI were compared to existing model from literature showing a good agreement.This study showed that the proposed models are capable to reproduce various shapes of storage functions.It also highlighted the link between microstructure and adsorption-retention phenomena.

关键词： Water vapor adsorption capillarity pore size distribution WVAI and RC modeling porous building materials

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Prediction of Thermal Conductivity and Specific Heat of Native Maize Starch and Comparison with HMT Treated Starch

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2019年第6期7卷 535-546页

作者： Aklouche Leila Monteau Jean-Yves Rezzoug Sid-Ahmed Maugard Thierry Guihard Luc Cohendoz Stephane Maache-Rezzoug Zoulikha lasie UMR CNRS 7356University of La RochelleAvenue Michel Crépeau17042 La RochelleFrance GEPEA UMR CNRS 6144ONIRISRue de la Géraudière44322 NantesFrance LIENSs UMR CNRS 7266 Universitéde La RochelleFrance

Specific heat(Cp)and effective thermal conductivity(λ)of native maize starch(NS)were measured by DSC and transient heat transfer method,respectively,at different moisture contents and temperatures.The dependency of temperature(T)and moisture content(W)on the two parameters were investigated.The thermophysical properties of treated starch(TS)by four hydrothermal processes(RP-HMT,IV-HMT,DV-HMT and FV-HMT)were measured and compared to native strach.Hydrothermal treatments were performed at 3 bars(133°C)for 10 min.For Cp andλmeasurements,moisture content varied for NS from 5 to 21.5%d.***.and from 8.8 to 25%d.b.,respectively,and was fixed at 6%d.***.for TS.Empirical models were developed to specific heat and effective thermal conductivity,using a multiple regression algorithm with subsequent statistical analysis.The proposed models for NS based on T and W predict Cp andλwith a mean absolute error of 3.5%and 1.3%,respectively.Large differences in specific heat were observed between TS and NS.In a temperature range of 40 to 160°C,Cp values varied from 1.964 to 2.699 for NS and 1.380 to 2.085(J.g-1.°C-1)for TS.In contrast,the conductivity of NS was almost identical to that of treated starch by FV-HMT,followed in an increasing order by those treated by DV-HMT,RP-HMT,and IV-HM processes.

关键词： Starch HMT treatment specific heat effective thermal conductivity

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Climate change for coastal areas:Risks,adaptation and acceptability

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2020年第4期11卷 295-296页

作者： Emilio BASTIDAS-ARTEAGA Axel CREACH Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Ingenieur pour l'Environnement LaSIE UMR CNRS 7356La Rochelle UniversiteLa Rochelle17042France Laboratoire de Geographie Physique UMR CNRS 8591 Sorbonne UniversiteParis75005France

Coastal areas are attractive for people and activities worldwide,because of globalization(90% of global trade is seaborn trade),leisure and weather conditions.For example,23% of the worldwide population is living at less than 100 km of seashore and under 100 m high above sea level(Small and Nicholls,2003).In consequence,its population density rate is 112 km^(-2) compared to a worldwide density rate of 44 km^(-2).

关键词： conditions. coastal attractive

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Rheological Behaviour, Synthesis and Performance of Smart Thermal Barrier Coating Systems Based on Hollow Alumina

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Journal of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering 2015年第12期3卷 17-22页

作者： F. Pedraza B. Rannou G. Boissonnet B. Bouchaud Z. Maache-Rezzoug lasie Université de La Rochelle-CNRS-UMR 7356 P&ocirc le Sciences et Technologie La Rochelle France

The stability of three water-based slurries containing different loads of Al microparticles was measured by laser scattering. The slurries displayed a Newtonian behaviour and the evolution of viscosity over nine days was found to be constant. Ground surfaces of nickel were also wetted similarly irrespective of the Al content in the slurries (30, 40 or 50 wt%) thereby demonstrating that the 1/10 PVA/H2O water based slurries are adequate for spraying. After deposition and annealing of the as-sprayed coatings, a thermal barrier coating system was formed with a top coat of hollow alumina spheres, an intermediate thermally grown oxide and a bottom aluminized bond coat. The coating system is shown to display very low thermal conductivity and remarkable oxidation resistance at high temperatures.

关键词： Slurry Viscosity Wetting Thermal Barrier Coating Thermal Conductivity Oxidation

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Numerical Study of Heat Transfer and Contaminant Transport in an Unsaturated Porous Soil

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2014年第13期6卷 1238-1247页

作者： Abdelhamid Belghit Mustapha Benyaich Laboratory of Engineering Science for Environment—lasie FRE-CNRS 3474 University of La Rochelle La Rochelle France Department of Physics Faculty of Science University Cadi Ayyad Marrakesh Morocco

Penetration of chemicals in the soil ground through irrigation water or rainfall induces important risks for the environment. These risks are badly known and may lead to direct contamination of the environment (atmosphere or ground water) or harmful effects on organisms living at ground level, indirectly affecting men. It is thus necessary to estimate these potential chemical risks on the environment. For that reason, the gradual change of these products (fertilizers, solutions, pollutants, ...) in the ground has been the subject of a lot of recent research works, based in particular on the study of non-saturated porous media in a theoretical, numerical or experimental way. Most of these works are incomplete and, in order to simplify the problem, they don’t take into accounts some process, which may be of prime importance under particular natural conditions. Complexity of such studies results from their multidisciplinary nature. In this communication, we study simultaneous transport of pollutant, the water that provides transport and the heat transfer in a 200 cm long cylindrical column full of sand taken as a non-saturated porous medium. We consider two kinds of conditions on the temperature at the column surface: the case of constant temperature and the case of sinusoidal temperature. We evaluate the influence of this temperature on the transfers. This study is purely numerical. We use the control volume method to determine hydrous, thermal and pollutant concentration profiles.

关键词： Soil Heat and Mass Transfer Porous Media Contaminant

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