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Contribution of Satellite Observations in the Optical and Microphysical Characterization of Aerosols in Burkina Faso, West Africa

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Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2024年第1期14卷 154-171页

作者： Nébon Bado Serge Dimitri Bazyomo Germain Wende Pouiré Ouedraogo Bruno Korgo Mamadou simina Dramé Florent P. Kieno Sié Kam laboratoire d’Energies Thermiques Renouvelables (l.E.T.RE) Université Joseph KI ZERBO Ouaga Burkina Faso laboratoire de Physique de l’Atmosphère et de l’Océan siméon-Fongang Université Cheikh Anta DIOP Dakar-Fann Sénégal Institute of Mathematics and Physical Sciences University of Abomey-Calavi Porto-Novo Benin

In this work, we proceed to an optical and microphysical analysis of the observations reversed by the MODIS, SeaWiFS, MISR and OMI sensors with the aim of proposing the best-adapted airborne sensor for better monitoring of aerosols in Burkina Faso. To this end, a comparison of AOD between satellite observations and in situ measurements at the Ouagadougou site reveals an underestimation of AERONET AOD except for OMI which overestimates them. Also, an inter-comparison done based on the linear regression line representation shows the correlation between the aerosol models incorporated in the airborne sensor inversion algorithms and the aerosol population probed. This can be seen through the correlation coefficients R which are 0.84, 0.64, 0.55 and 0.054 for MODIS, SeaWiFS, MISR and OMI respectively. Furthermore, an optical analysis of aerosols in Burkina Faso by the MODIS sensor from 2001 to 2016 indicates a large spatial and temporal variability of particles strongly dominated by desert dust. This is corroborated by the annual and seasonal cycles of the AOD at 550 nm and the Angström coefficient measured in the spectral range between 412 nm and 470 nm. A zoom on a few sites chosen according to the three climatic zones confirms the majority presence of mineral aerosols in Burkina Faso, whose maxima are observed in spring and summer.

关键词： AERONET Airborne Sensors Aerosol Optical and Microphysical Properties

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Seasonal Performance of Solar Power Plants in the Sahel Region: A Study in Senegal, West Africa

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Smart Grid and Renewable Energy 2024年第2期15卷 79-97页

作者： Serigne Abdoul Aziz Niang Mamadou simina Drame Astou Sarr Mame Diarra Toure Ahmed Gueye Seydina Oumar Ndiaye Kharouna Talla FST D&#233partement de Physique Universit&#233 Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar Dakar S&#233n&#233gal laboratoire de Physique de l’Atmosphère et de l’Océan siméon Fongang Université Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar Sénégal

The main objective of this study is to evaluate the seasonal performance of 20 MW solar power plants in Senegal. The analysis revealed notable seasonal variations in the performance of all stations. The most significant yields are recorded in spring, autumn and winter, with values ranging from 5 to 7.51 kWh/kWp/day for the reference yield and 4.02 to 7.58 kWh/kWp/day for the final yield. These fluctuations are associated with intense solar activity during the dry season and clear skies, indicating peak production. Conversely, minimum values are recorded during the rainy season from June to September, with a final yield of 3.86 kWh/kW/day due to dust, clouds and high temperatures. The performance ratio analysis shows seasonal dynamics throughout the year with rates ranging from 77.40% to 95.79%, reinforcing reliability and optimal utilization of installed capacity. The results of the capacity factor vary significantly, with March, April, May, and sometimes October standing out as periods of optimal performance, with 16% for Kahone, 16% for Bokhol, 18% for Malicounda and 23% for Sakal. Total losses from solar power plants show similar seasonal trends standing out for high loss levels from June to July, reaching up to 3.35 kWh/kWp/day in June. However, using solar trackers at Sakal has increased production by up to 25%, demonstrating the operational stability of this innovative technology compared with the plants fixed panel. Finally, comparing these results with international studies confirms the outstanding efficiency of Senegalese solar power plants, other installations around the world.

关键词： Performance Study Photovoltaic Power Plant Season Variations Senegal

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Comparing surgical efficiencies between phacoemulsification systems: a single surgeon retrospective study of 2000 eyes

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2022年第4期15卷 581-585页

作者： luis Escaf-Jaraba Jorge Escobar-DiazGranados Bartolomé Valdemarín Clínica Oftalmológica del Caribe Barranquilla 080003Colombia Universidad simón Bolívar Barranquilla 080004Colombia

AIM: To compare under similar conditions intraoperative surgical efficiencies metrics between an active fluidics and a gravity based phacoemulsification ***: Adult patients who were diagnosed with a cataract that compromised visual acuity inferior to 20/40 were included in the study. Patients were excluded from the study if they had a history of severe retinal disorders, clinically significant corneal endothelial dystrophy or history of corneal disease. All phacoemulsification surgeries were performed by a single surgeon. Both phacoemulsification systems used the 0.9 mm 45-degree aspiration bypass system Intrepid Balanced tip and the 0.9 mm Intrepid Ultra infusion sleeve. All cataracts were classified using the lens Opacities Classification System III, cumulative dissipated energy(CDE) and aspiration fluids were measured in each ***: Totally 2000 eyes were included in the study. Phacoemulsification was performed in 1000(50%) eyes with an active fluid dynamics system and in 1000(50%) eyes with a gravity-based fluidic system. Mean CDE until fracture of the lens was 1.1 and 1.9 percent-seconds and total mean CDE used was 5.6 and 7.2 percent-seconds using an active fluidics dynamics system and gravity-based fluidic system, respectively(Pluids used were 70 m l using an active fluidics dynamics system and 85 m l using a gravity-based fluidic system(PlUSION: This study evidences that surgeries performed under similar conditions(same surgeon, phaco tip and sleeve) with the active fluidics dynamics system required significantly lower CDE and aspiration fluids.

关键词： ophthalmology phacoemulsification surgical ef ficiencies cumulative dissipated energy aspiration fluids

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Northeastern Tropical Atlantic SST and Sahel Rainfall Variability

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Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2023年第4期13卷 431-454页

作者： Dahirou Wane Abdou lahat Dieng Coumba Niang Amadou T. Gaye laboratoire de Physique de l’Atmosphère et de l’Océan siméon Fongang Ecole Supérieure Polytechnique Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar (LPAO-SF/ESP/UCAD) Dakar Senegal

The SST variability during the summer period in the northeastern tropical Atlantic region (NTA) is characterized by an alternation of warming/cooling which represents 87% of the total variability. The aim of this paper is to study the atmospheric responses as well as the precipitation associated with these oceanic conditions. Based on Reynolds’s SST from 1982 to 2019, a normalized Northern Tropical Atlantic index (NTAI) is computed into the region between 15° - 25°W;12° - 16°N and a composite analysis is then performed. It is shown that the NTAI is significantly correlated with the SST’s first principal component mode (PC1) in this region. Moreover, the composite of SST anomalies and atmospheric parameters exhibits a strong local ocean-atmosphere interaction which highly impacts the large-scale atmospheric circulation in West Africa, particularly in the western Sahel. An in-depth analysis shows that the atmospheric response to the warm (cold) SST is a cyclonic (anticyclonic) circulation in the lower layers near the West Africa Coast. This cyclonic (anticyclonic) circulation strengthens/reduces the moisture transport towards the continent in the low levels. In the middle layers of the atmosphere (500 hPa), the warm (cold) composite is associated with a decrease (increase) in the intensity of the African Easterly Jet (AEJ) whereas, in the upper atmosphere (200 hPa), the strengthening (weakening) of the Tropical Easterly Jet (TEJ) is observed. With regard to the composite precipitation field, a positive/negative SST anomaly is associated with significantly enhanced/reduced rainfall in the western Sahelian region. It is found that this relationship (correlation) increases as we are closer to the coasts.

关键词： SST-Rain Sahel Rainfall Senegal Rainfall Ocean-Atmosphere Interaction

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On the Maximal Operator Associated with Certain Rotational Invariant Measures

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2010年第6期26卷 993-1004页

作者： Adrián INFANTE Fernando SORIA Department of Mathematics Universidad Simn Bolívar Department of Mathematics Universidad Autnoma de Madrid

The aim of this work is to investigate the integrability properties of the maximal operator Mu,associated with a non-doubling measure μ defined on Rn. We start by establishing for a wide class of radial and increasing measures μ that Mu is bounded on all the spaces lu^p（R^n）,P〉***,we show that there is a radial and increasing measure p for which Mμ does not map lμ^p（R^n） into weak lμ^p（R^n）,1≤p〈∞.

关键词： maximal operator non-doubling measures

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Migration of total chromium and chloride anion in the Rocha River used for estimating degradation of agricultural soil quality at the Thiu Rancho zone

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Journal of Groundwater Science and Engineering 2020年第3期8卷 223-229页

作者： Jhim Terrazas-Salvatierra Galo Munoz-Vásquez Ana Romero-Jaldin Hydraulics laboratory of San simón University(UMSS) Cochabamba 2500Bolivia Water and Environmental Sanitation Center of San simón University(UMSS) Cochabamba 2500Bolivia

The Rocha River is a receptor to receive wastewater from household,hospital and industry,from where contaminants are transported in the river,affecting biodiversity and the ecosystem of the *** this paper we estimated the maximum transport of total chromium and chloride anion by applying the analytical model of Ogata&Banks(1961),and the results obtained are grouped into three zones:Contaminated,transition,and *** analytical model was applied with 13 samples collected from the river piezometers installed near Rocha,where they are arranged in two lines,***-1 to RH-6 as the first line and RH-9 to RH-12 as the second *** total chromium concentrations range from 0.16 mg/l(RH-1)and 0.11 mg/l(RH-9)at the closest points to Rocha River,to 0.13 mg/l(RH-7)and 0.03 mg/l(RH-12)at the most remote points to the *** advance of the pollutants does not exceed 50 meters with respect to the axis of the Rocha River.

关键词： Total chromium Chloride anion Contamination Rocha River Thiu Rancho

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Highly defective graphene： A key prototype of two- dimensional Anderson insulators

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Nano Research 2013年第5期6卷 326-334页

作者： Aurelien lherbier Stephan Roche Oscar A. Restrepo Yann-Michel Niquet Arnaud Delcorte Jean-Christophe Charlier Universite catholique de louvain (UCl) Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanoscience (IMCN) NAPS-ETSF Chemin des ~toiles 8 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve Belgium CIN2 (ICN-CSIC) and Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona Catalan Institute of Nanotechnology Campus UAB 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona) Spain ICREA Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avancats 08070 Barcelona Spain Universite catholique de louvain (UCl) Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanoscience (IMCN) BSMA Place Croix du Sud 1 (Boltzmann) 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve Belgium l_sim SP2M UMR-E CEA/UJF-Grenoble 1 INAC 17 rue des Martyrs 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9 France

电子结构和运输性质高度有缺点二维(2D ) sp2 graphene 理论上被调查。古典分子的动力学被用来产生包含缺点的可观的数量的大 graphene 飞机。然后， ab initio 计算验证的紧密绑定的 Hamiltonian 被构造以便在一条真实空间的 order-N K... 详细信息

电子结构和运输性质高度有缺点二维(2D ) sp2 graphene 理论上被调查。古典分子的动力学被用来产生包含缺点的可观的数量的大 graphene 飞机。然后， ab initio 计算验证的紧密绑定的 Hamiltonian 被构造以便在一条真实空间的 order-N Kubo 绿林途径以内计算量运输。与太古的 graphene 相对照，高度有缺点的 sp2 碳表在有关联系费用搬运人的电子运输提出挑战性的问题的费用中性点展出状态的高密度。电子 wavepacket 动力学的分析实际上揭示产生象 1 nm 和本地化现象一样低的吝啬的免费路径的极其强壮的多重散布效果。因而，高度有缺点的 graphene 作为 2D 安德森绝缘的一个显著原型被想象材料。

关键词：安德森石墨缺陷二维原型绝缘子计算验证电荷载体

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Intra-Seasonal and Annual Variation of Aerosols and Their Radiative Impact in the Sahelian Zone of Burkina Faso

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Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2019年第1期9卷 62-74页

作者： Bado Nébon Mamadou simina Dramé Saidou Moustapha Sall Korgo Bruno Demba Ndao Niang Kieno P. Florent Bathiebo Dieudonné Joseph laboratoire d’Energies Thermiques Renouvelables (lETRE) Université Ouaga I Pr Joseph KI ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso laboratoire de Physique de l’Atmosphère et de l’Océan siméon-Fongang Université Cheikh Anta DIOP Dakar Sénégal

This paper deals with the characterization of aerosols in the Sahelian zone, particularly in Burkina Faso based on MODIS observations and in situ measurements of the AERONET network on the Ouagadougou site (12.2°N, 1.4°W). Thus, a seasonal spatial distribution of aerosols made over the period from 2001 to 2016 gives a very great variability of aerosols in Burkina Faso, whose maxima are encountered in Spring, characterized by winds from the North East. This seasonality of aerosols is also shown by the annual cycles of optical, radiative and microphysical parameters measured by AERONET between 1999 and 2006. Moreover, an analysis of these parameters shows the prevalence of mineral dusts characterized by low values of the Angstrom coefficient (α440-870 0.9) and the cooling noticed in the bottom of atmosphere (BOA) and at the top of the atmosphere (TOA). Also, the climatology of the volume size distribution of aerosols shows a very great variability of particles in terms of size influenced by the thin and coarse pattern where most sizes are between 1 and 10 μm.

关键词： Aerosol AERONET MODIS Microphysical and Optical Properties Radiative Forcing

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Chemical and microbiological characterization of tinctures and microcapsules loaded with Brazilian red propolis extract

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2017年第5期7卷 280-287页

作者： Erika Tayse da Cruz Almeida Maria Cristina Delgado da Silva José Marcos dos Santos Oliveira Regianne Umeko Kamiya Rodolfo Elleson dos Santos Arruda Danilo Abreu Vieira Valdemir da Costa Silva Pierre Barnabé Escodro Irinaldo Diniz Basílio-Júnior Ticiano Gomes do Nascimento laboratório de Controle de Qualidade e Análise de Fármacos Medicamentos e AlimentosCurso de FarmáciaEscola de Enfermagem e FarmáciaUniversidade Federal de AlagoasCampus A.C.SimõesBR 104 Norte-Km 97MaceióAL.CEP:57072-970Brazil laboratório de Controle de Qualidade Microbiológico de Alimentos Faculdade de NutriçãoUniversidade Federal de AlagoasCampus A.C.SimõesBR 104 Norte/Km 97MaceióAL.CEP:57072-970Brazil

The aim of this study was to characterize tinctures and microcapsules loaded with an ethanol extract of red propolis through chemical, physicochemical and microbiological assays in order to establish quality control tools for nutraceutical preparations of red propolis. The markers(isoflavonoids, chalcones, pterocarpans,flavones, phenolic acids, terpenes and guttiferones) present in the tinctures A and B were identified and confirmed using lC/ESI/FTMS/Orbitrap. Four compositions(A, B, C and D) were prepared to contain B tincture of the red propolis with some pharmaceutical excipients and submitted to two drying processes, i. ***-drying and freeze-drying to obtain microcapsules loaded with the red propolis extract. The tinctures and microcapsules of the red propolis were submitted to the total flavonoid content and antioxidant activity *** antibacterial activity and minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) were tested using Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25293 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 strains. The tinctures and microcapsules presented high flavonoid quantities from 20.50 to 40.79 mg/100 mg of the microcapsules. The antioxidant activity and IC50 were determined for the tinctures A and B(IC50: 6.95 μg/m l and 7.48 μg/m l), the spray-dried microcapsules(IC50: 8.89–15.63 μg/m l) and the freeze-dried microcapsules(IC50: 11.83–23.36 μg/m l). The tinctures and microcapsules were proved to be bioactive against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria with inhibition halos superior to 10 mm at concentration of 200 μg/m l and MIC values of 135.87–271.74 μg/m l using gram-positive strain and 271.74–543.48 μg/m l using gram-negative strain. The tinctures and microcapsules of the red propolis have a potential application for nutraceutical products.

关键词： Red propolis Tinctures Microcapsules Isoflavonoids lC/ESI/FTMS/Orbitrap Antioxidant activity Antibacterial activity

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Intra-Seasonal Variability of Aerosols and Their Radiative Impacts on Sahel Climate during the Period 2000-2010 Using AERONET Data

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International Journal of Geosciences 2013年第1期4卷 267-273页

作者： Mamadou simina Drame Moctar Camara Amadou T. Gaye laboratoire d’Océanographie des Sciences de l’Environnement et du Climat UFR des Sciences et Technologies Université de Ziguinchor Ziguinchor Sénégal laboratoire de Physique de l’Atmosphère et de l’Océan siméon Fongang Université Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar-Fann Sénégal

This paper presents a study using in situ measurements (AERONET data) to characterize the intra-seasonal variability of aerosols and their shortwave radiative impacts on Sahel (11N - 18N and 20W - 15E) climate using a long time series (2000 to 2010) from AERONET data. We first used the MISR aerosol optical depth (AOD) averaged between 2000 and 2010 to identify dust maxima regions. They are mainly located over Eastern Mauritania-Northern Mali and Eastern Niger-Western Tchad (near the Bodele depression). Moreover the aerosol loading is stronger during the spring (MAM) and particularly during the summer (JJA). The analysis of AERONET data at 4 Sahelian stations (Dakar, Agoufou, Banizoumbou and Ouagadougou) shows that Sahel is under dust influence all year long. The dust season is mainly located between March and October, with two peaks of AOD recorded in March and June;while the maximum of biomass burning activity is recorded in winter (December to February). The radiative forcing of aerosols on the Sahelian climate results mainly in a cooling as well as at the surface than at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) but the forcing is stronger at the surface and particularly during the summer (JJA) and spring (MAM) periods. Although there is not a sharp difference between DJF and SON periods from a station to another one when considering the aerosol loading (AOD), the radiative forcing is stronger at the surface and weaker at the TOA during DJF for most stations. The analysis of the force effectiveness (ratio between AOD and the radiative forcing) suggests that the BOA radiative forcing is mainly influenced by the nature of aerosols.

关键词： AERONET Aerosol Optical Depth Radiative Forcing

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