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Advanced Photonics 2024年第3期6卷 60-69页

作者： Antoine Henry Dario A.Fioretto Lorenzo M.Procopio Stéphane Monfray Frédéric Boeuf Laurent Vivien Eric Cassan Carlos Alonzo-Ramos Kamel Bencheikh Isabelle Zaquine Nadia Belabas Institut Polytechnique de paris LTCI Université paris-saclay CNRS Centre for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology Weizmann Institute of Science STMicroelectronics SAS

Harnessing the frequency dimension in integrated photonics offers key advantages in terms of scalability, noise resilience, parallelization, and compatibility with telecom multiplexing *** ring resonators have been used to generate frequency-entangled states through spontaneous four-wave mixing. However, state-of-the-art integrated resonators are limited by trade-offs among size,spectral separation, and efficient photon pair generation. We have developed silicon ring resonators with a footprint below 0.05 mm2providing more than 70 frequency channels separated by 21 GHz. We exploit the narrow frequency separation to parallelize and independently control 34 single qubit-gates with a single set of three off-the-shelf electro-optic devices. We fully characterize 17 frequency-bin maximally entangled qubit pairs by performing quantum state tomography. We demonstrate for the first time, we believe, a fully connected five-user quantum network in the frequency domain. These results are a step towards a generation of quantum circuits implemented with scalable silicon photonics technology, for applications in quantum computing and secure communications.

关键词： frequency domain integrated photonics quantum gates quantum networks

Impact of Varying Blower Opening Degrees on Indoor Environment and Thermal Comfort

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Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing 2024年第8期20卷 1703-1716页

作者： Shengqiang Shi Abdelatif Merabtine Rachid Bennacer Julien Kauffmann UR LASMIS Universitéde Technologie de Troyes12 Rue Marie CurieTroyes10300France EPF Campus de Troyes Rosière-prés-Troyes10430France Construction Engineering Department École de Technologie Supérieure(ÉTS)University of Québec1100 Rue Notre-Dame OuestMontrealQC H3C 1K3Canada lmt/ens-paris-saclay/cnrs UniversitéParis SaclayGif-sur-Yvette91190France

At present,air handling units are usually used indoors to improve the indoor environment ***,while introducing fresh air to improve air quality,air velocity has a certain impact on the occupants’thermal ***,it is necessary to explore the optimization of air-fluid-body interaction *** this study,the indoor air flow was changed by changing the opening and closing degree of the blower,and the thermal manikin is introduced to objectively evaluate the human thermal comfort under different air *** main experimental results show that the air change rate increases with the increase of the opening and closing degree of the blower considering an ACH(air changes per hour)range between 3.8 and *** a better prediction,a linear correlation with a coefficient of 0.995 is *** the blower’s opening is adjusted to 20%,25%,30%,35%,and 40%,the air velocity sensor positioned directly beneath the air inlet records average velocities of 0.19,0.20,0.21,0.28,and 0.34 m/s over four hours,*** on thermal comfort and the average sensation experienced by individuals indicate an initial increase followed by a decline when the blower’s operation begins,with optimal conditions achieved at a 35%*** findings offer valuable insights for future indoor air ventilation and heat transfer design strategies.

关键词： Air handle unit air velocity thermal comfort thermal sensation

Solar wind ion charge state distributions and compound cross sections for solar wind charge exchange X-ray emission

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 105-118页

作者： Dimitra Koutroumpa LATMOS-OVSQ CNRSUVSQ Paris-SaclaySorbonne Université11 Boulevard d’Alembert78280GuyancourtFrance

Solar Wind Charge eXchange X-ray(SWCX) emission in the heliosphere and Ea rth’s exosphere is a hard to avoid signal in soft Xray obse rvations of astrophysical *** the other hand,the X-ray imaging possibilities offered by the SWCX process has led to an increasing number of future dedicated space missions for investigating the solar wind-terrestrial inte ractions and magnetospheric *** both cases,accurate modelling of the SWCX emission is key to correctly interpret its signal,and remove it from obse rvations,when *** this paper,we compile solar wind abundance measurements from ACE for different solar wind types,and atomic data from literature,including charge exchange cross-sections and emission probabilities,used fo r calculating the compound cross-section a for the SWCX X-ray *** calculate a values for charge-exchange with H and He,relevant to soft X-ray energy bands(0.1-2.0 keV)for various solar wind types and solar cycle conditions.

关键词： solar wind charge exchange X-rays magnetosphere heliosphere

Phenotyping floral attractiveness to pollinators using volatilomics,3D imaging,and insect monitoring

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Molecular Plant 2024年第8期17卷 1164-1166页

作者： Filip Slavkovic Adnane Boualem Catherine Dogimont Abdelhafid Bendahmane Institute of Plant Sciences paris-saclay(IPS2) INRAECNRSUniversity of Paris-SaclayUniversity of EvryUniversity of Paris CiteBatiment 63091192 GifsurYvetteFrance INRAE UR 1052Unite de Génetique et d'Amelioration des Fruits et LegumesBP94.84143Montfavet.France

PLANTS,POLLINATORS,AND BIODIVERSITY:THESTATUSQUO Plant-pollinator coevolution has played a crucial role in shaping the biodiversity of ecosystems that we know ***,plants and pollinators are key to agriculture,contributing to the production of most fruits and vegetables necessary for healthy human ***,over the last decades,there is mounting evidence of pollinator decline all over the world,which constitutes a major threat to food security(European Commission,2020).To pollinators,nectar and pollen are the main rewards:pollen is essentially their only source of proteins,lipids,and vitamins,while nectar is a carbohydrate-rich solution that they use to fuel somatic functions(Ollerton,2021).However,nectar is much more than just a sweet solution:it comprises a plethora of secondary metabolites and volatiles of major importance for plant-pollinator ***,by neglecting these traits and reducing genetic diversity,plant breeding has potentially increased the risk of losing the traits beneficial to pollinators.

关键词： breeding mount vitamin

A global analysis of the introduction pathways and characteristics associated with non-native fish species introduction, establishment, and impacts

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Ecological Processes 2024年第2期13卷 16-31页

作者： Camille Bernery Céline Bellard Franck Courchamp Sébastien Brosse Boris Leroy cnrs Agro Paris Tech Ecologie Systématique Evolution Université Paris-Saclay Unité Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA UMR 8067) Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle Sorbonne Universités Université de Caen Normandie Université des Antilles CNRS IRD Laboratoire évolution & Diversité Biologique (EDB UMR5174) Université Paul Sabatier-Toulouse 3 CNRS IRD UPS

Background The invasion success of introduced freshwater fishes is influenced by many factors, including ecological, species, and socioeconomic characteristics. Most studies that document the importance of these characteristics are conducted at local scales and/or focus on a single step of the invasion process. In this study, we aim to determine the species characteristics, ecological characteristics, and socioeconomic characteristics of non-native freshwater fish invasions. Our assessment was done at the global scale and considers all three steps of the invasion(i.e., introduction, establishment, and impact). For this purpose, we applied generalized linear models to 20 variables collected for 307 non-native species and modeled them as a function of ecological characteristics(i.e., environmental features), species traits(i.e., functional and morphological), and socioeconomic characteristics(i.e., human use and introduction pathways). We considered the number of countries in which each species was introduced, established, or had ecological impacts as a proxy of invasion step success. We also explored the specifics of species introduced through the aquaculture and the ornamental fish trade *** We found that non-native freshwater fishes with broad diets, high parental care, and multiple introduction pathways are the most widely introduced and established worldwide. The number of countries with impacts reported was best explained by the type of introduction pathway(i.e., aquaculture or fisheries). Moreover, among non-native species introduced through aquaculture, those belonging to Cypriniformes and having broad diets were the most widely introduced and established species. In contrast, the species introduced through the ornamental fish trade pathway belonged to various taxonomic orders but were mainly native to tropical *** Considering several types of factors is important when analyzing the invasion success of freshwater fish and disentang

关键词： Aquaculture Ecology Exotic Freshwater fish Introduction pathway Invasion step Morphology Ornamental fish trade Socioeconomic Trait

Acetic acid additive in NaNO_(3)aqueous electrolyte for long-lifespan Mg-air batteries

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第2期12卷 825-839页

作者： Yaqing Zhou Fan Sun Gunahua Lin Sandrine Zanna Antoine Seyeux Philippe Marcus Jolanta´Swiatowska Chimie parisTech-cnrs PSL UniversityInstitut de Recherche de Chimie Paris11 rue Pierre et Marie CurieParis 75005France

Mg-air batteries have attracted tremendous attention as a potential next-generation power source for portable electronics and e-transportation due to their remarkable high theoretical volumetric energy density,environmental sustainability,and ***,the fast hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)in NaCl-based aqueous electrolytes impairs the performance of Mg-air batteries and leads to poor specific capacity,low energy density,and low ***,the conventionally used NaCl solute was proposed to be replaced by NaNO_(3)and acetic acid additive as a corrosion inhibitor,therefore an electrolyte engineering for long-life time Mg-air batteries is *** resulting Mg-air batteries based on this optimized electrolyte demonstrate an improved discharge voltage reaching~1.8 V for initial 5 h at a current density of 0.5 mA/cm^(2) and significantly prolonged cells'operational lifetime to over 360 h,in contrast to only~17 h observed in NaCl electrolyte.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry were employed to analyse the composition of surface film and scanning electron microscopy combined with transmission electron microscopy to clarify the morphology changes of the surface layer as a function of acetic acid *** thorough studies of chemical composition and morphology of corrosion products have allowed us to elucidate the working mechanism of Mg anode in this optimized electrolyte for Mg-air batteries.

关键词： Acetic acid additive in NaNO_(3)electrolyte Electrolyte engineering Corrosion surface film Surface characterization Hydrogen evolution

One-step controlled electrodeposition nickel sulfides heterointerfaces favoring the desorption of hydroxyl groups for efficient hydrogen generation

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Rare Metals 2024年第9期43卷 4377-4386页

作者： Ru-Chun Li Xin-Yue Zhang Ze-Yue Qu Feng-Yi Liu Quan-Qing Xu Zhao-Xia Hu Jing-Wei Li Mohamed-Nawfal Ghazzal Jin-Li Yu Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Yunnan Normal University Foshan Gaoke Hechuang Technology Co. Ltd. School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangzhou University Universite′paris-saclay UMR 8000 CNRSInstitut de Chimie Physique Department of Chemistry City University of Hong Kong

The heterointerface engineering involving different components or phases represents a desirable strategy for enhancing the sluggish kinetics of hydrogen evolution reaction （HER）.However,constructing desired heterointerfaces and elucidating the reaction mechanisms on the interface remains a considerable *** this work,we propose a straightforward electrochemical synthesis strategy to prepare the nickel sulfide-based heterointerfaces for *** mechanism of electrochemical synthesis is revealed,wherein metal-thiourea species can be formed at the cathode potential and subsequently oxidized to nickel sulfides at the anode *** this mechanism,a range of nickel sulfides,including NiS,Ni3S2/NiS,Ni/Ni3S2and Ni3S2,have been successfully synthesized by tuning the potential range of cyclic *** these,the obtained Ni3S2/NiS@CC（CC:carbon cloth） exhibits the smallest overpotential of84 mV at 10 mA·cm-2and high *** calculations further reveal that the combination of NiS and Ni3S2induces electron redistribution at the interface,and thus the Volmer process is effectively promoted with faster water dissociation and OH desorption ***,the simplicity method coupled with a clear synthesis mechanism and outstanding HER performance highlights its promising potential for practical applications.

关键词： Electrochemical synthesis Heterointerfaces Hydrogen evolution reaction OH desorption kinetics

Disorder effects in NbTiN superconducting resonators

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第2期33卷 482-486页

作者：吕伟涛支强胡洁李婧史生才 Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210034China GEPI Observatoire de ParisPSL UniversitéCNRSParis 75014France

Disordered superconducting materials like NbTiN possess a high kinetic inductance fraction and an adjustable critical temperature, making them a good choice for low-temperature detectors. Their energy gap(D), critical temperature(T_(c)),and quasiparticle density of states(QDOS) distribution, however, deviate from the classical BCS theory due to the disorder effects. The Usadel equation, which takes account of elastic scattering, non-elastic scattering, and electro–phonon coupling,can be applied to explain and describe these deviations. This paper presents numerical simulations of the disorder effects based on the Usadel equation to investigate their effects on the △, Tc, QDOS distribution, and complex conductivity of the NbTiN film. Furthermore, NbTiN superconducting resonators with coplanar waveguide(CPW) structures are fabricated and characterized at different temperatures to validate our numerical simulations. The pair-breaking parameter α and the critical temperature in the pure state T_(c)^(P) of our NbTiN film are determined from the experimental results and numerical simulations. This study has significant implications for the development of low-temperature detectors made of disordered superconducting materials.

关键词： effects of disorder NbTiN superconducting film Usadel equation complex conductivity superconducting resonator

Interplay of RNA-binding proteins controls germ cell development in zebrafish

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2024年第9期51卷 889-899页

作者： De-Li Shi Laboratory of Developmental Biology CNRS-UMR7622Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine(IBPS)Sorbonne University75005 ParisFrance

The specification of germ cells in zebrafish mostly relies on an inherited mechanism by which localized maternal determinants,called germ plasm,confer germline fate in the early *** studies have partially allowed the identification of key regulators governing germ plasm formation and subsequent germ cell ***-binding proteins,acting in concert with other germ plasm components,play essential roles in the organization of the germ plasm and the specification,migration,maintenance,and differentiation of primordial germ *** loss of their functions impairs germ cell formation and causes sterility or sexual *** is emerging that they instruct germline development through differential regulation of mRNA fates in somatic and germ ***,the challenge remains to decipher the complex interplay of maternal germ plasm components in germ plasm compartmentalization and germ cell *** failure to control the developmental outcome of germ cells disrupts the formation of gametes,it is important to gain a complete picture of regulatory mechanisms operating in the germ cell *** review sheds light on the contributions of RNA-binding proteins to germ cell development in zebrafish and highlights intriguing questions that remain open for future investigation.

关键词： Germplasm Primordialgerm cell Germlinestem cell Gametogenesis Zebrafish RNA-binding protein Posttranscriptional gene expression Translational activation and repression

United under stress:High-speed transport network emerging at bacterial living edge

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Fundamental Research 2024年第3期4卷 563-569页

作者： Xiaodong Wen Jingjing Feng Yuqian Sang Feng Ge Hugues Chaté Yan He Department of Chemistry Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical BiologyTshinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Service de Physique de l'Etat Condensé CEACNRSUniversitéParis-SaclayCEA-SaclayGif-sur-Yvette 91191France Beijing Computational Science Research Center Beijing 100094China

Individuals tend to move freely when there is enough room but would act collectively for their survival under external *** the case of living cells,for instance,when a drop of low-density flagellated bacterial solution is transferred onto the agar surface,the initially disordered movement of individual bacteria would be replaced with coordinated cell swarming after a lag phase of a few ***,we study how such cooperation is established while overcoming the disorder at the onset of the lag phase with single nanoparticle *** the spreading of the droplet,the bacteria in the solution cluster and align near the almost immobilized contact line confining the drop,forming a narrow ring of *** individual cells move in and out of the ring continuously,certain flow patterns emerge in the inter-bacterial *** reveal high-speed long-distance unidirectional flows with definite chirality along the outside of the ring,along the inside of the ring and across the *** speculate that these flows enable the fast and efficient transport,facilitating the communication and unification of the bacterial community.

关键词： Bacterial droplet Environmental stress Single particle tracking Biological edge Flow transport network