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Determining minimum sample size for the conditioned Latin hypercube sampling algorithm

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Pedosphere 2024年第3期34卷 530-539页

作者： Daniel D.SAURETTE Asim BISWAS Richard J.HECK Adam W.GILLESPIE Aaron A.BERG School of Environmental Sciences University of Guelph50 Stone Rd EastGuelph ON N1G 2W1(Canada) Ontario Ministry of Agriculture Food and Rural Affairs1 Stone Rd WestGuelph ON N1G 2Y4(Canada) Geography Environment&GeomaticsUniversity of Guelph50 Stone Rd EastGuelph ON N1G 2W1(Canada)

In digital soil mapping(DSM),a fundamental assumption is that the spatial variability of the target variable can be explained by the predictors or environmental *** to adequately sample the predictors have been well documented,with the conditioned Latin hypercube sampling(cLHS)algorithm receiving the most attention in the DSM *** advances in sampling design,a critical gap remains in determining the number of samples required for DSM *** propose a simple workflow and function coded in R language to determine the minimum sample size for the cLHS algorithm based on histograms of the predictor variables using the Freedman-Diaconis rule for determining optimal bin *** preprocessing was included to correct for multimodal and non-normally distributed data,as these can affect sample size determination from the *** on a user-selected quantile range(QR)for the sample plan,the densities of the histogram bins at the upper and lower bounds of the QR were used as a scaling factor to determine minimum sample *** technique was applied to a field-scale set of environmental covariates for a well-sampled agricultural study site near Guelph,Ontario,Canada,and tested across a range of *** results showed increasing minimum sample size with an increase in the QR *** sample size increased from 44 to 83 when the QR increased from 50% to 95% and then increased exponentially to 194 for the 99%*** technique provides an estimate of minimum sample size that can be used as an input to the cLHS algorithm.

关键词： bin width digital soil mapping normal distribution quantile range sampling design

Transient Stability Analysis of Grid-connected Converters in Wind Turbine Systems Based on Linear Lyapunov Function and Reverse-time Trajectory

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2024年第3期12卷 782-790页

作者： Mohammad Kazem Bakhshizadeh Sujay Ghosh Guangya Yang Łukasz Kocewiak Ørsted Wind Power A/S Nesa Allé12820Denmark Technical University of Denmark Anker Engelunds Vej 12800Denmark

As the proportion of converter-interfaced renewable energy resources in the power system is increasing,the strength of the power grid at the connection point of wind turbine generators(WTGs)is gradually *** research has shown that when connected with the weak grid,the stability of the traditional grid-following controlled converters will deteriorate,and they are prone to unstable phenomena such as *** to the limitations of linear analysis that cannot sufficiently capture the stability phenomena,transient stability must be *** far,standalone time-domain simulations or analytical Lyapunov stability criteria have been used to investigate transient ***,the time-domain simulations have proven to be computationally too heavy,while analytical methods are difficult to formulate for larger systems,require many modelling assumptions,and are often conservative in estimating the stability *** paper proposes and demonstrates an innovative approach to estimating the transient stability boundary via combining the linear Lyapunov function and the reverse-time trajectory *** proposed methodology eliminates the need of time-consuming simulations and the conservative nature of Lyapunov *** study brings out the clear distinction between the stability boundaries with different post-fault active current ramp rate *** the same time,it provides a new perspective on critical clearing time for wind turbine *** stability boundary is verified using time-domain simulation studies.

关键词： Lyapunov direct method non-autonomous system phase-locked loop(PLL) time trajectory reversal transient stability assessment wind turbine converter system

A population level study on smoking and radon induced adenocarcinomaand small-cell carcinoma among males and females in Canada

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Radiation Medicine and Protection 2024年第3期5卷 170-177页

作者： Jing Chen Radiation Protection Bureau Health Canada775 Brookfield RoadOttawaK1A 1C1OntarioCanada

Objective: To assess if there is a relationship between residential radon exposure and two lung cancer histologicaltypes, small-cell carcinoma (diagnosed in people with a smoking history) and adenocarcinoma (the mostcommonly diagnosed histologic type in people who have never smoked) among males and females in ***: With survey data of long-term radon measurements in residential homes, long-term averaged tobaccoconsumption rates in the units of cigarettes per day per person and long-term averaged age-standardized lungcancer incidence rates at provincial level, simple linear fitting (ANOVA linear regression) was applied in this studyto determine the effect on lung cancer induction by smoking and exposure to indoor radon, and to assess if there isa relationship between residential radon exposure and lung cancer histological ***: Lung cancer incidence rates correlate very well with the tobacco consumption rates (P < 0.05). However,females appear to be more likely than males to develop lung cancer at a given amount of cigarette *** both small-cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma, a statistically significant correlation between incidence rateand mean radon concentration was observed for females, the correlation was much stronger for adenocarcinoma(P = 0.0057) than small-cell carcinoma (P = 0.0483). However, there was no such correlation for ***: It is possible that female non-smokers are more susceptible to radon-induced lung cancer, and the jointeffect of radon exposure and tobacco smoking may be worse in female smokers compared to males, such thathigher incidence rate of adenocarcinoma among females compared to males were observed in recent decades,even though females never smoked more than males.

关键词： Lung cancer Tobacco smoking Radon exposure Canada

Current and future trends in whole genome sequencing in cancer

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Cancer Biology & Medicine 2024年第1期21卷 16-20页

作者： Yuki Katsuya Department of Experimental Therapeutics National Cancer Center Hospital5-1-1 TsukijiChuo-kuTokyo 104-0045Japan

Cancer remains a formidable global health challenge affecting millions of lives *** decades,conventional cancer treatments used a one-size-fits-all approach,overlooking the intricate genetic variations that drive *** emergence of cancer genomics has ushered in a new era of personalized and targeted cancer *** Human Genome Project,which was launched in 1990 and completed in 2003。

关键词： cancer Cancer annually

Microsphere-assisted hyperspectral imaging:super-resolution,non-destructive metrology for semiconductor devices

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第6期13卷 1098-1111页

作者： Jangryul Park Youngsun Choi Soonyang Kwon Youngjun Lee Jiwoong Kim Jae-joon Kim Jihye Lee Jeongho Ahn Hidong Kwak Yusin Yang Taeyong Jo Myungjun Lee Kwangrak Kim Metrology and Inspection Equipment R&D Team Mechatronics ResearchSamsung Electronics Co.Ltd.1-1 Samsungjeonja-rohwaseong-siGyeonggi-do18848Republic of Korea Process Development Department DRAM Process Development TeamSemiconductor R&D CenterSamsung Electronics Co.Ltd.1-1 Samsungjeonja-rohwaseong-siGyeonggi-do18848Republic of Korea Process Development Department Semiconductor R&D CenterSamsung Electronics Co.Ltd.1-1 Samsungjeonja-rohwaseong-siGyeonggi-do18848Republic of Korea

As semiconductor devices shrink and their manufacturing processes advance,accurately measuring in-cell critical dimensions(CD)becomes increasingly *** test element group(TEG)measurements are becoming inadequate for representing the fine,repetitive patterns in cell *** non-destructive metrology technologies like optical critical dimension(OCD)are limited due to their large spot diameter of approximately 25μm,which impedes their efficacy for detailed in-cell structural ***,there is a pressing need for small-spot and non-destructive metrology *** address this limitation,we demonstrate a microsphere-assisted hyperspectral imaging(MAHSI)system,specifically designed for small spot optical metrology with *** microsphere-assisted super-resolution imaging,this system achieves an optical resolution of 66 nm within a field of view of 5.6μm×5.6μ*** approach effectively breaks the diffraction limit,significantly enhancing the magnification of the *** MAHSI system incorporating hyperspectral imaging with a wavelength range of 400–790 nm,enables the capture of the reflection spectrum at each camera *** achieved pixel resolution,which is equivalent to the measuring spot size,is 14.4 nm/pixel and the magnification is *** MAHSI system enables measurement of local uniformity in critical areas like corners and edges of DRAM cell blocks,areas previously challenging to inspect with conventional OCD *** our knowledge,this approach represents the first global implementation of microsphere-assisted hyperspectral imaging to address the metrology challenges in complex 3D structures of semiconductor devices.

关键词： metrology resolution enable

Lithium Ion Transport Environment by Molecular Vibrations in Ion-Conducting Glasses

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2024年第3期7卷 133-142页

作者： Hiroki Yamada Koji Ohara Satoshi Hiroi Atsushi Sakuda Kazutaka lkeda Takahiro Ohkubo Kengo Nakada Hirofumi Tsukasaki Hiroshi Nakajimai Laszlo Temleitner Laszlo Pusztai Shunsuke Ariga Aoto Matsuo Jiong Ding Takumi Nakano Takuya Kimura Ryo Kobayashi Takeshi Usuki Shuta Tahara Koji Amezawa Yoshitaka Tateyama Shigeo Mori Akitoshi Hayashi Diffraction and Scattering Division Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute(JASRI)1-1-1 KoutoSayo-choSayo-gun Hyogo 679-5198Japan Faculty of Materials for Energy Shimane University1060Nishi-Kawatsu-ChoMatsue Shimane 690-8504Japan Department of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of EngineeringOsaka Metropolitan University1-1 Gakuen-choSakaiOsaka 599-8531Japan Institute of Materials Structure Science High Energy Accelerator Research Organization(KEK)203-1 ShirakataTokai-muraNaka-gunlbaraki 319-1106Japan Graduate School of Engineering Chiba University 1-33 Yayoi-cho Inage-kuChiba 263-8522Japan Department of Materials Science Graduate School of EngineeringOsaka Metropolitan University1-1 Gakuen-choSakaiOsaka 599-8531Japan Wigner Research Centre for Physics Konkoly Thegeút 29-33 H-1121Budapest Hungary International Research Organisation of Advanced Science and Technology(IROAST) Kumamoto University2-39-1 KurokamiChuo-kuKumamoto 860-8555Japan Department of Applied Physics Nagoya Institute of TechnologyGokisoShowaNagoya 466-8555Japan Faculty of Science Yamagata University1-4-12 KojirakawaYamagata-shiYamagata 990-5860Japan Faculty of Science University of the Ryukyus1 SenbaruNishihara-choOkinawa 903-0213Japan Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials Tohoku University2-1-1 KatahiraAoba-kuSendai 980-8577Japan Center for Green Research on Energy and Environmental Materials(GREEN)and International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics(MANA) National Institute for Materials Science(NIMS)TsukubaIbaraki 305-0044Japan

Controlling Li ion transport in glasses at atomic and molecular levels is key to realizing all-solid-state batteries,a promising technology for electric *** this context,Li_(3)PS_(4)glass,a promising solid electrolyte candidate,exhibits dynamic coupling between the Li^(+)cation mobility and the PS_(4)^(3-)anion libration,which is commonly referred to as the paddlewheel *** addition,it exhibits a concerted cation diffusion effect(i.e.,a cation-cation interaction),which is regarded as the essence of high Li ion ***,the correlation between the Li^(+)ions within the glass structure can only be vaguely determined,due to the limited experimental information that can be ***,this study reports that the Li ions present in glasses can be classified by evaluating their valence oscillations via Bader analysis to topologically analyze the chemical *** is found that three types of Li ions are present in Li_(3)PS_(4)glass,and that the more mobile Li ions(i.e.,the Li3-type ions)exhibit a characteristic correlation at relatively long distances of ***,reverse Monte Carlo simulations combined with deep learning potentials that reproduce X-ray,neutron,and electron diffraction pair distribution functions showed an increase in the number of Li3-type ions for partially crystallized glass structures with improved Li ion transport *** results show order within the disorder of the Li ion distribution in the glass by a topological analysis of their ***,considering the molecular vibrations in the glass during the evaluation of the Li ion valences is expected to lead to the development of new solid electrolytes.

关键词： electrolytes ionic conductors modeling molecular dynamics

The Impact of Second-Order Analytical Derivatives on Regularized Direct Multiple Shooting Method for Impulsive Spacecraft Trajectory Optimization

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Guidance, Navigation and Control 2024年第1期4卷 62-85页

作者： Kenta Oshima Hiroshima Institute of Technology 2-1-1 Miyake Hiroshima 731-5193Japan

While thefirst-order derivatives of an objective function and constraints have often been analytically provided in the gradient-based optimization algorithms,the joint use of the secondorder derivatives can further improve the computational e±ciency and *** paper implements thefirst-and second-order analytical derivatives in the direct multiple shootingbased,regularized method of minimizing the fuel expenditure for impulsive space *** high-order dynamical information expresses the Hessian matrix of the Lagrange function in the nonlinear programming *** result is an e±cient tool for robustly computing fueloptimal,multi-impulse trajectories in the regularized framework of removing singularities associated with null thrust impulses from the derivatives of the objective *** computational performance is compared for the cases of optimizing impulsive transfers between cislunar periodic orbits within the regularized framework implementing the analytical derivatives in different ways over various initial guess trajectories and computational *** results indicate the superiority of adopting both thefirst-and second-order analytical derivatives in terms of the e±ciency and robustness.

关键词： Spacecraft trajectory optimization analytical derivatives regularization

Unilateral branch retinal artery occlusion in association with COVID-19:a case report

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2024年第4期17卷 777-782页

作者： Kunihiko Hirosawa Takenori Inomata Jaemyoung Sung Yuki Morooka Tianxiang Huang Yasutsugu Akasaki Yuichi Okumura Ken Nagino Kaho Omori Shintaro Nakao Department of Ophthalmology Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine2-1-1 HongoBunkyo-kuTokyo 113-0033Japan Department of Digital Medicine Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine2-1-1 HongoBunkyo-kuTokyo 113-0033Japan Department of Telemedicine and Mobile Health Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine2-1-1 HongoBunkyo-kuTokyo 113-0033Japan Department of Hospital Administration Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine2-1-1 HongoBunkyo-kuTokyo 113-0033Japan AI Incubation Farm Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine2-1-1 HongoBunkyo-kuTokyo 113-0033Japan Department of Ophthalmology Tulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLA 70112USA

Dear Editor,I am Kunihiko Hirosawa of the Department of Ophthalmology at Juntendo University Hospital.I am writing to present a case of concomitant Coronavirus Disease 2019(COVID-19)with branch retinal artery occlusion(BRAO).BRAO presents as a sudden,painless loss of vision on the afflicted side and is most often focal in nature[1].

关键词： branch COV occlusion

A preliminary study on rectal dose reduction associated with hyaluronic acid implantation in brachytherapy for prostate cancer

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Asian Journal of Urology 2024年第2期11卷 286-293页

作者： Tairo Kashihara Yuka Urago Hiroyuki Okamoto Mihiro Takemori Hiroki Nakayama Shohei Mikasa Tetsu Nakaichi Kotaro Iijima Takahito Chiba Junichi Kuwahara Satoshi Nakamura Weishan Chang Yoshiyuki Matsui Hiroshi Igaki Department of Radiation Oncology National Cancer Center Hospital5-1-1 TsukijiChuo-kuTokyoJapan Radiation Safety and Quality Assurance Division National Cancer Center Hospital5-1-1 TsukijiChuo-kuTokyoJapan Department of Radiological Sciences Graduate School of Human Health SciencesTokyo Metropolitan University7-2-10 Higashi-OguArakawa-kuTokyoJapan Department of Radiological Technology National Cancer Center Hospital5-1-1 TsukijiChuo-kuTokyoJapan Department of Urological Oncology National Cancer Center Hospital5-1-1 TsukijiChuo-kuTokyoJapan

Objectives: Hydrogel spacer (HS) was developed to reduce rectal toxicities caused by radiotherapy, but has been reported to cause major adverse events. Our institute has attempted to introduce a hyaluronic acid (HA) as an alternative spacer. This study aimed to compare rectal doses and geometric distributions between the HS and HA implantation in prostate ***: HS and HA were inserted in 20 and 18 patients undergoing high-dose brachytherapy, respectively. The rectum spacer volumes injected were 10 mL and 22 mL, respectively. In the treatment planning system, 13.5 Gy was administered with common catheter positions. The rectal dose indices were assessed between the spacer groups for dosimetry evaluation. Distances between the prostate and rectum and configurations of the spacers were ***: The mean doses irradiated to 0.1 and 2 mL of the rectum were 10.45 Gy and 6.71 Gy for HS, and 6.73 Gy and 4.90 Gy for HA (p1). The mean minimum distances between the prostate and rectum were 1.23 cm and 1.79 cm for HS and HA, respectively (p<0.05). Geometrical configuration comparisons revealed that HA has a higher ability to expand the space than ***: The rectal dose reduction ability of HA is significantly greater than that of HS, suggesting its potential as a new spacer.

关键词： Brachytherapy Hyaluronicacid Hydrogel Prostaticneoplasm Radiotherapy