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GENERAL AND PARTICULAR APPLYING ELEmENTS OF THE PRECAUTIONARY PRINCIPLE IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE

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Frontiers of Law in China-Selected Publications from Chinese Universities 2015年第2期10卷 245-267页

作者： ZHU Xiao GUO Xiaomin Ph.D and Associate Professor of Environmental Law at School of Law Renmin University ofChina researcher of Research Center of Civil and Commercial Jurisprudence of Renmin University of China Beijing 100872 China. ll.m student at School of Law Renmin University of China Beijing 100872 China.

In the context of WTO dispute settlement, the precautionary principle is a predominant concept, in the face of serious risks and scientific uncertainty, that is often characterized as ＂better safe than sorry. ＂＇ Although the precautionary principle appears in various treaties, declarations, and even laws, it is often formulated in abstract terms, leading to the great ambiguity of its primary elements. The Panel and the Appellate Body always avoid discussing the precautionary principle in WTO cases due to its obscure definition. On march 13, 2012, the United States, the European Union, and Japan each requested consultations with China as China＇s measures that made restrictions on the exportation of rare earths, tungsten, and molybdenum had been in conflict with their national interest.

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A Distributed Error Recovery Technique and Its Implementation and Application on UNIX

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 1990年第2期5卷 127-138页

作者：周笛徐向文 a Doctoral student of Tsinghua University BeijingChina. Techniche Universitüt münchen Lehrstuhl für Prozessrecher Franz-Josephstr.38/Ⅲ8000 München 40West Germany

This paper presents a checkpoint setting technique to eliminate domino effect in backward recovery in distributed systems,which is very efficient,powerful,widely applicable and easy to be *** theoretical analysis,an implementation on UNIX system and a package for software fault-tolerance are in- *** the problems of checkpoint management and process termination are discussed.

关键词： Pro very A Distributed Error Recovery Technique and Its Implementation and Application on UNIX

速激肽对大鼠小肠上行及下行反射通路的作用(英文)

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Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2002年第4期23卷 3-9页

作者： Andreas HAHN, martin STORR, Hans-Dieter AllESCHER(// medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik der Technischen Universitat munchen, 81675 munchen, Germany) ll.medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik der Technischen Universitat münchen 81675 Mtnchen 德国 ll.medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik der Technischen Universitat münchen 81675 Mtnchen1 德国

AIm: To examine the effect of tachykinins on the ascending reflex pathway in rat small intestine, we used different selective neurokinin (NK) receptor antagonists (RA); a) NK1-RA; GR-82334 and CP-96.345, b) NK2-RA: mEN-10.376 and L-659.877. The aim was further to investigate the effect of substance P (SP) on the ascending excitatory and descending inhibitory reflex pathway. mETHODS: The whole segments of rat ileum (10 cm in length) were studied in an organ bath. Ascending contraction of circle muscle was elicited by anal electrical stimulation (3 Hz, 1ms, 20 V) and measured as change of intraluminal pressure by a perfused manometric system 2 cm and 4 cm orad of the stimulation site. RESULTS: GR-82334 and CP-96.345 (NK1-RA) caused a significant dose-related inhibition of the oral contraction at a distance of 4 cm: GR-82334 [area: -10 % ± 8 % (10 nmol/L); - 29 %±10 % (1000 nmol/L). P mol/L);-14 %±10 %(10nmol/ L). P < 0.01, n = 8], whereas the contractil

关键词：速激肽类神经激肽-1受体神经激肽-2受体 P物质

Soil loss and displacement by heavy equipment in forest road subgrading projects

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2009年第2期24卷 227-235页

作者： Aidin PARSAKHOO Seyed Ataollah HOSSEINI majid LOTFALIAN Hamid JALILVAND m.Sc. student of Forest Engineering Faculty of Natural ResourcesMazandaran University Department of Forestry Faculty of Natural ResourcesMazandaran University

Forest soil is an important component of the natural environment,and is a primary medium for many biological activities. In this study,soil loss and displacement by excavator and bulldozer(heavy equipments) were measured on cut and fills slopes of forest roads located in mazandaran province,Iran. The volumes of soil losses were estimated by prismoidal analyses of cut and fill slopes deformation between two time treatments(under subgrading and two years later) in slope classes of 30-50% and 50-70%. Weights of soil losses were calculated by multiplying the volumes of soil losses(cm3) to the general bulk density(1.3g/cm3) . Soil displaced area by heavy equipment was evaluated according to earth working width. Results indicated that heavy equipment has significant effect on deformation of cut slope gradient and fill slope length(pll(pmed in different slope classes. The average soil loss by excavator and bulldozer were 160.35 t/ha·yr and 429.09 t/ha·yr,respectively. moreover,the soil displaced area during the subgrading process by bulldozer was greater than excavator in both two slope classes(pment in forest roads can be reduced by applying powerful excavators in subgrading project,especially in steep terrains.

关键词： Soil losses Soil displacement Heavy equipment Forest road Subgrading

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE FROm A COmPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE COmmUNICATION STRATEGIES ON SOCIAL CORPORATE RESPONSIBILITY： THE ROLE OF FREEDOm OF EXPRESSION

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Frontiers of Law in China-Selected Publications from Chinese Universities 2015年第1期10卷 24-45页

作者： maya Hertig Randall the Faculty of Law Geneva University Switzerland and Director of the Department of Public Law at the same faculty attorney at law LL.M.

The political and the economic spheres increasingly overlap. Consumption is viewed not only as an economic act, but also as an act of political and moral significance. Due to the blurring of the commercial and the political spheres, consumers use their purchasing power as a carrot and a stick for corporations to comply with corporate social responsibility （CSR） standards. As a consequence, corporate communication strategies tend to highlight commitment to CSR standards, portraying companies as ＂＇good corporate citizens.＂ Conversely, other stakeholders expose unethical business practices so as to induce corporate change. Both sides tend to invoke freedom of expression with a view to opposing limitations on their communication strategies. Taking two well-known examples as a starting point, the present article explores the role of freedom of expression as a means to incite corporate actors to both adopt and comply with CSR standards from a comparative perspective. Using an economic framework, it argues that non-commercial expression critical of corporate practices deserves a higher level of protection than corporate communication strategies.

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Effect of Acoustic Resonance Phenomenon on Fluid Flow with Light Dust

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Journal of Thermal Science 2011年第5期20卷 430-434页

作者： Hiromitsu Hamakawa Azim B.m.Arshad mitsuo Ohta Department of mechanical Engineering Oita University Graduate student Oita University

In the present paper,the attention is focused on the characteristics of lightweight materials collection in the duct using acoustic resonance *** acoustic resonance was excited by using a controlled speaker at the middle of a test *** measured the sound pressure level,frequency response characteristics,acoustic damping ratio,mode shape,and lightweight materials response to acoustic resonance excited by a *** a result,the acoustic damping ratio decreased as the mode number of acoustic resonance *** tissue strips and the lightweight materials were collected at the node of acoustic pressure when the acoustic resonance was *** was made clear that it is possible to control lightweight materials using acoustic resonance excited by a speaker.

关键词： Acoustic Excitation Acoustic Dust Filter Visualization Acoustic Damping Duct Flow

Genetic Algorithm to Optimize the Design of main Combustor and Gas Generator in Liquid Rocket Engines

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Journal of Thermal Science 2014年第3期23卷 259-268页

作者： min Son Sangho Ko Jaye Koo Graduate student Korea Aerospace University School of Aerospace and mechanical Engineering Korea Aerospace University

A genetic algorithm was used to develop optimal design methods for the regenerative cooled combustor and fuel-rich gas generator of a liquid rocket engine. For the combustor design, a chemical equilibrium analysis was applied, and the profile was calculated using Rao's method. One-dimensional heat transfer was assumed along the profile, and cooling channels were designed. For the gas-generator design, non-equilibrium properties were derived from a counterflow analysis, and a vaporization model for the fuel droplet was adopted to calculate residence time. Finally, a genetic algorithm was adopted to optimize the designs. The combustor and gas generator were optimally designed for 30-tonf, 75-tonf, and 150-tonf engines. The optimized combustors demonstrated superior design characteristics when compared with previous non-optimized results. Wall temperatures at the nozzle throat were optimized to satisfy the requirement of 800 K, and specific impulses were maximized. In addition, the target turbine power and a burned-gas temperature of 1000 K were obtained from the optimized gas-generator design.

关键词： Liquid Rocket Engine main Combustor Gas Generator Optimization Genetic Algorithm

Breakup Structure of Two-phase Jets with Various momentum Flux from a Porous Injector

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Journal of Thermal Science 2014年第1期23卷 60-67页

作者： Inchul Lee Dohun Kim Jaye Koo Graduate student Korea Aerospace University School of Aerospace and mechanical Engineering Korea Aerospace University

Spray structure and atomization characteristics were investigated through a comparison of a porous and a shear coaxial injector. The porous injector shows better atomization performance than the shear coaxial injector. To in- crease atomization performance and mixing efficiency of two-phase jets, a coaxial porous injector which can be applicable to liquid rocket combustors was designed and tested. The characteristics of atomization and spray from a porous and a shear coaxial injector were characterized by the momentum flux ratio. The breakup mechanism of the porous injector is governed by Taylor-Culick flow and axial shear forces. momentum of injected gas flow through a porous material which is composed of sintered metal is radically transferred to the center of the liquid column, and then liquid column is effectively broken up. Although the shapes of spray from porous and shear co- axial jets were similar for various momentum ratio, spray structures such as spray angle and droplet sizes were different. As increasing the momentum flux ratio, SmD from the porous injector showed smaller value than the shear coaxial injector

关键词： Porous injector Shear coaxial injector Breakup mechanism momentum flux ratio

Dietary Lectin exclusion: The next big food trend?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第24期25卷 2973-2976页

作者： Kirpal Panacer Peter J Whorwell University of manchester medical student Stopford BuildingUniversity of ManchesterManchester M13 9PGUnited Kingdom Neurogastroenterology Unit Wythenshawe HospitalManchester M23 9LTUnited Kingdom

Until recently,with the exception of coeliac disease,gastroenterologists have not been particularly interested in the role of diet in the management of gastrointestinal ***,patients have always felt that diet must play a part in their symptoms and,in the absence of any medical interest,have turned to alternative dietary practitioners for help,which can often have no evidence ***,with the advent of the FODmAP diet(fermentable oligosaccharides,disaccharides,monosaccharides,and polyols)and the realisation that diet can have a profound effect on the microbiome,medical opinion is now ***,research on the various diets that are now available is often completely *** are carbohydrate binding proteins which are widely distributed in nature and are found in a whole variety of commonly consumed *** seems likely that the exclusion of lectins from the diet could become the next“food fashion”for alternative practitioners to promote,especially as there is some evidence to suggest that certain lectins may be harmful to *** is,therefore,the purpose of this viewpoint to try and stimulate research on the dietary effects of lectins,which is currently minimal,so that we can pre-empt a situation where we are unable to give patients or the public evidence based advice on this topic.

关键词： Dietary lectins Exclusion diets Gastrointestinal system Harm Carbohydrate