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Use of Additive Based on Non-Timber Forest Products for the Ecological Stabilization of Raw Earth:Case of the Parkia Biglobosa Nut and Vitellaria Paradoxa

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2023年第12期11卷 4143-4160页

作者： Bio Chéïssou Koto Tamou Jean-Michel Mechling Crespin Prudence Yabi Gildas EdjrossèF.Godonou Edmond Codjo Adjovi Mohamed Gibigaye Andrélecomte Nicolas Brosse l2egc-laboratory of Studies and Tests in Civil Engineering University of SciencesTechnologyEngineeringand MathematicsAbomeyBenin IJl-Jean lamour Institute University of LorraineNancyFrance lEMA-laboratory of Energetics and Applied Mechanics University of Abomey-CalaviAbomey-CalaviBenin lERMAB-Study and Research laboratory on Wood Material University of LorraineNancyFrance

The housing sector today uses elaborate materials such as cement,iron,sand,often prohibitively expensive and whose production generates a strong environmental impact(scarcity of resources,transport,greenhouse gas greenhouse,etc.).In order to meet the challenges of sustainable development,earth construction is experiencing a resurgence of interest these *** its many advantages,raw earth material has drawbacks,in particular its low mechanical resistance and its loss of geometric characteristics in the face of water,which slow down its *** part of this study,the mechanical characteristics and durability of raw earth were improved by using residual water from the processing of Parkia Biglobosa(nere)and Vitellaria Paradoxa(shea)nuts in order to optimize its use for the construction of modern *** this end,the decoctions resulting from the artisanal transformation of the nut of the Parkia Biglobosa into African mustard and of the Vitellaria Paradoxa into shea butter were added to the raw earth according to volume proportions of 25%,50%,75%and 100%of the aqueous solution to obtain the projected ***,mechanical characterization and durability tests were carried out on the composites *** results revealed that the decoctions of Vitellaria Paradoxa and Parkia Biglobosa improve the compressive strength of the material by up to 90%and 260%,***,these decoctions improved the resistance to water penetration of the 100%additive composite by 1.5 times for Vitellaria Paradoxa and 5 times for Parkia *** study shows that it is possible to use decoctions as raw earth stabilizers to build modern,ecological buildings at lower energy ***,more in-depth studies on surface wettability and long-term durability are planned to better characterize the geomaterial.

关键词： Raw earth organic additive adobe Vitellaria Paradoxa Parkia Biglobosa durability

Physical Characterization of laterite for the Formulation of Structural Concrete

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Open Journal of Civil Engineering 2023年第3期13卷 411-426页

作者： Dekandji Thomas Ekpo Yemalin Daniel Agossou Judicial Agbelele Edmond C. Adjovi INSTI lokossa National University of Sciences Technologies Engineering and Mathematics Abomey Benin l2egc/enstp Materials and Structure Team National University of Sciences Technologies Engineering and Mathematics Abomey Benin

This study presents another approach to the use of laterite as a common construction material for the development of a new type of concrete. laterites are found all over the world and are used in various ways in road construction as sub-base, base course or wear courses. Being a material consisting in the raw state of sand and gravel, the study addresses its use for the formulation of structural concrete. The physical characterization made it possible to identify three granular classes distributed as follows: 28.26% passing at 80 μm, 32.12% sand (0.08/4 mm) and 39.62% nodule (4/25) mm. The absolute density of the aggregates varies from 2.73 and 2.82 from the sand to the nodules. The absorption rate varies from 3.01% and 5.71% respectively for sand and nodules. The granular compactness of the different granular classes studied varies from 0.580 to 0.630. The formulation of the concrete was made by the method of absolute volumes by varying the W/C ratio from 0.4 to 0.7, N/S from 2.2 to 2.8 and that of the cement dosage from 350 to 450 kg/m3. The results obtained show that the density of the concrete formulated based on these aggregates of lateritic origin have a density which varies between 2000 and 2300 kg/m3. With a cement content of 400 kg/m3, a W/C ratio of 0.4 and N/S of 2.8, concrete based on lateritic aggregates offers better mechanical performance in compression of approximately 21.23 ± 1.24 MPa at 28 days. This strength class obtained allows laterite concrete to be used as structural concrete in the structure of civil engineering works.

关键词： laterite Concrete Granular Compactness Mechanical Strength

Advanced Sheet Pile Curtain Design: Case Study of Cotonou East Corniche

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Open Journal of Civil Engineering 2024年第1期14卷 38-64页

作者： Peace Sèna Hounkpe Guy Oyéniran Adéoti Patrick Oniakitan Mondoté Éric Adéchina Alamou Department of Civil Engineering Higher National School of Public Works (ENSTP) Abomey Benin laboratory of Testing and Studies in Civil Engineering (l2egc) National University of Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics (UNSTIM) Abomey Benin

This paper delves into the critical aspects of sheet pile walls in civil engineering, highlighting their versatility in soil protection, retention, and waterproofing, all while emphasizing sustainability and efficient construction practices. The paper explores two fundamental approaches to sheet pile design: limit equilibrium methods and numerical techniques, with a particular focus on finite element analysis. Utilizing the robust PlAXIS 2016 calculation code based on the finite element method and employing a simplified elastoplastic model (Mohr-Coulomb), this study meticulously models the interaction between sheet pile walls and surrounding soil. The research offers valuable insights into settlement and deformation patterns that adjacent buildings may experience during various construction phases. The central objective of this paper is to present the study’s findings and recommend potential mitigation measures for settlement effects on nearby structures. By unraveling the intricate interplay between sheet pile wall construction and neighboring buildings, the paper equips engineers and practitioners to make informed decisions that ensure the safety and integrity of the built environment. In the context of the Cotonou East Corniche development, the study addresses the limitations of existing software, such as RIDO, in predicting settlements and deformations affecting nearby buildings due to the substantial load supported by sheet pile walls. This information gap necessitates a comprehensive study to assess potential impacts on adjacent structures and propose suitable mitigation measures. The research underscores the intricate dynamics between sheet pile wall construction and its influence on the local environment. It emphasizes the critical importance of proactive engineering and vigilant monitoring in managing and mitigating potential hazards to nearby buildings. To mitigate these risks, the paper recommends measures such as deep foundations, ground improvement tech

关键词： Sheet Pile Walls and Structural Analysis Soil-Structure Interaction Modeling Structural Sustainability Cotonou East Corniche Sustainable Construction Plaxis Calculation Code Settlement Mitigation

Experimental Analysis of Hydraulic Conductivity for Saturated Granular Soils

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Geomaterials 2023年第3期13卷 71-90页

作者： Ahlinhan Marx Ferdinand Djenou B. Dorothée Adjovi Edmond Codjo laboratory of Study and Test in Civil Engineering (l2egc) National High School of Public Works (ENSTP) National University of Sciences Technologies Engineering and Mathematics (UNSTIM) Abomey Republic of Benin

Hydraulic conductivity is the ability of a porous media to transfer water through its pore matrix. That is a key parameter for the design and analysis of soil fluid associated structures and issues. This paper presents the test results of the vertical hydraulic conductivity kv carried out on one poorly graded sand and three gap graded gravely sand. It was found that the vertical hydraulic conductivity of saturated soil depends on the grain size distribution curve, on the initial relative density of the soil. Compilation of these current test results and other test results published, shows that the common approaches predict well to some extent the vertical hydraulic conductivity kv for the poorly graded sand materials and underestimate the kv values for gap graded gravely sand materials. Therefore, new approaches are developed for the prediction of the vertical hydraulic conductivity in saturated poorly graded sand and gap graded gravely sand. The derived results from the new approaches lie in the range of the recommended values by (EAU 2012) and (NAVFAC DM 7 1974).

关键词： Permeability Hydraulic Conductivity Tests Saturated Granular Soils Prediction Approaches

Numerical Modeling of the Behaviour of a Road Structure on Compressible Soil: Case of the Road Section at the Beau-Rivage-Djassin Intersection

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Open Journal of Civil Engineering 2023年第2期13卷 326-341页

作者： Yémalin Daniel Agossou Judicael Agbelele Peace Hounkpe Daniel Djossou Wilfried Hode Edmond Adjovi l2egc/enstp-abomey Materials and Structure Team National University of Sciences Technologies Engineering and Mathematics Abomey Benin ENSET lokossa National University of Sciences Technologies Engineering and Mathematics Lokossa Benin HAS Engenering Conseils Abomey-Calavi Benin

This document presents a study of the behaviour of a pavement structure on compressible soil and the evaluation of its durability. The objective of this study is to highlight the impact of taking into account the non-linear elastic behaviour of soils and granular materials in the design process. To this end, a numerical modelling of the pavement of the beau-rivage-Djassin crossroads section in Porto-Novo was carried out, based on a compressible soil whose behaviour will be considered elastoplastic. The subgrade soil on the section is made up of several sub-layers. The layer of soft, highly plastic clay was modelled according to a modified Cam Clay behaviour, a model of swelling clay soils. The fine sand layer and the granular layers of the structure are modelled according to Mohr-Coulomb behaviour. The loading is considered to be uniformly distributed according to the assumptions of the Burmister model in the French standard. A first verification with AlIZE allowed to validate the structure on the basis of the rutting deformation at the head of the platform εz = 359.6*10-6 which remains lower than the admissible deformation εz,adm = 360*10-6. The numerical calculation was carried out using the finite element method, the code of which is implemented under the PlAXIS v21 software. A comparative study with the results of the AlIZE design revealed that the numerically calculated strains εz = 585*10-6 are higher than those of AlIZE. These numerical strains, which are higher than the elastic strains, do not meet the validation criteria that the strains under loading must remain below the allowable strains. An evaluation of the pavement durability was carried out and it was found that the pavement would only last under traffic for 3 years before the first fatigue deformations appeared.

关键词： MEF Elastoplastic Behaviour Modified Cam Clay Mohr Coulomb PlAXIS AlIZE

Innovative Techniques Unveiled in Advanced Sheet Pile Curtain Design

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Open Journal of Civil Engineering 2024年第1期14卷 1-37页

This thorough review explores the complexities of geotechnical engineering, emphasizing soil-structure interaction (SSI). The investigation centers on sheet pile design, examining two primary methodologies: limit Equilibrium Methods (lEM) and Soil-Structure Interaction Methods (SSIM). While lEM methods, grounded in classical principles, provide valuable insights for preliminary design considerations, they may encounter limitations in addressing real-world complexities. In contrast, SSIM methods, including the SSI-SR approach, introduce precision and depth to the field. By employing numerical techniques such as Finite Element (FE) and Finite Difference (FD) analyses, these methods enable engineers to navigate the dynamics of soil-structure interaction. The exploration extends to SSI-FE, highlighting its essential role in civil engineering. By integrating Finite Element analysis with considerations for soil-structure interaction, the SSI-FE method offers a holistic understanding of how structures dynamically interact with their geotechnical environment. Throughout this exploration, the study dissects critical components governing SSIM methods, providing engineers with tools to navigate the intricate landscape of geotechnical design. The study acknowledges the significance of the Mohr-Coulomb constitutive model while recognizing its limitations, and guiding practitioners toward informed decision-making in geotechnical analyses. As the article concludes, it underscores the importance of continuous learning and innovation for the future of geotechnical engineering. With advancing technology and an evolving understanding of soil-structure interaction, the study remains committed to ensuring the safety, stability, and efficiency of geotechnical structures through cutting-edge design and analysis techniques.

关键词： Sheet Pile Curtain Design Soil-Structure Interaction Geotechnical Engineering Advanced Design Techniques Finite Element Analysis Innovative Geotechnical Methods

Study of the Thermal Characteristics of a Geomaterial:Case of SavèGranites in the Republic of Benin

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(A) 2023年第4期12卷 151-161页

作者： Koffi Judicaël Agbelele Daniel Yemalin Agossou Kocouvi Agapi Houanou Bachir Kolade Adelakoun Ambelohoun Sakala Complice Decoursel Curtis Gérard Gbaguidi Aïsse Higher Normal School of Technical Education(ENSET) LokossaRepublic of Benin laboratory of Materials and Structures(lAMS) Verechaguine AK Higher SchoolCotonouRepublic of Benin laboratory of Energetics and Applied Mechanics(lEMA) EPAC UACAbomey-CalaviRepublic of Benin Civil Engineering Testing and Research laboratory(l2egc) ENSTPAbomeyRepublic of Benin

This work focuses on the valorization of local *** rock that is granite,a material used in construction thanks to its mechanical resistance,is the subject of our *** granite of the commune of Savè,made it possible to appreciate the thermal behavior of this rock studied with a view to its use as a building *** this end,a thermal diffusivity measurement test was carried out on this ***,we made samples which were then connected to a data acquisition box via thermocouples.A Python script is used to ensure the collection of temperature values over *** this thermal diffusivity test carried out on the granite taken from the Savèbreasts,we obtained an average diffusivity a=5.84×10^(-6)m^(2)/*** a result,the thermal effusivity and the heat capacity of the material were determined having respectively the value 1,351.09 J/(K·m^(2)·s^(1/2))and 547,945.21 J/(m^(3)·K).These different results highlight a thermal characterization of Savègranites as a relevant material in the design and construction of an energy-efficient eco-housing.

关键词： local materials thermal diffusivity thermal conductivity thermal effusivity heat capacity

Critical Assessment of Slope Stability: A Case Study on the Toffo-lalo Road Project

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Modern Mechanical Engineering 2023年第4期13卷 77-100页

作者： Guy Oyéniran Adeoti Judicaël Koffi Agbelele Crespin Prudence Yabi Rufin Nongnidé Kinhoun Éric Adéchina Alamou laboratory of Testing and Studies in Civil Engineering (l2egc) National University of Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics (UNSTIM) Abomey Benin National School of Technical Education (ENSET) Lokossa Republic of Benin

This article systematically delves into a comprehensive analysis of the latest and most advanced techniques for the assessment of slope stability. It particularly focuses on strategies aimed at enhancing slope stability in road construction. In addition to this analysis, the article presents an illustrative case study centered on the Toffo-lalo Road Project. The core objective of this paper is to scrutinize the stability of large embankments in road construction, with a specific emphasis on the development and asphalt overlay of the Toffo-lalo road. This scrutiny is conducted through the utilization of stability calculation software, GEOSTUDIO2018, specifically its SlOPE/W module. Within this framework, a detailed model of the cutbank located at KP1+750-2+250 was meticulously developed. This model takes into account the physical-mechanical characteristics of the soil at the site, as well as the topographic layout. Its attributes include a cohesion value of 11.3 Kpa, a density of 16.57 KN/m3, and a friction angle of 27˚. The modeling results, employing the Morgenstern-Price method—an approach renowned for its adherence to equilibrium conditions and provision of precise results—conclude that the safety coefficient (Fs = 1.429) prior to any reinforcement signifies a critical state of slope stability. To address this, the article explores the implementation of reinforcement techniques, particularly focusing on rigid inclusions like nailing and piles. The modeling exercises reveal a noteworthy enhancement in the safety coefficient (Fs) post-reinforcement. Furthermore, the article undertakes a parametric study to optimize the reinforcement strategies. This analysis highlights that anchoring at 0˚ downward relative to the horizontal plane and employing a pile angle of 90˚ represent the most favorable approaches. These measures yield safety coefficients of 3.60 and 2.34, respectively, indicating substantially improved slope stability.

关键词： GEOSlOPE Morgenstern-Price Method Numerical Modelling Safety Coefficient Soil Cohesion and Slope Stability

Strategies for Advancing Road Construction Slope Stability: Unveiling Innovative Techniques for Managing Unstable Terrain

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Open Journal of Civil Engineering 2023年第4期13卷 572-616页

作者： Guy Oyéniran Adeoti Judicaël Koffi Agbelele Crespin Prudence Yabi Rufin Nongnidé Kinhoun Éric Adéchina Alamou laboratory of Testing and Studies in Civil Engineering (l2egc) National University of Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics (UNSTIM) Department of Zou Abomey Republic of Benin National School of Technical Education (ENSET) Lokossa Republic of Benin

This comprehensive review paper explores various aspects of geotechnical engineering, with a focus on the management of unstable terrains, numerical methods for solving complex soil and consolidation problems, rheological analysis of suspensions and muddy soils, and stability analysis of slopes. It begins by examining the unique physicochemical properties of cohesive sediments, including cohesion and specific surface area. The temporal evolution of deposit concentration and average bed concentration in unstable terrains is discussed, along with settling behavior of isolated particles and hindered settling using empirical equations. Key sedimentation theories, such as Kynch’s theory, and geotechnical consolidation theories, including Terzaghi’s consolidation equation and Gibson’s theory, are presented. The investigation interrelates these theories and principles to offer a holistic view of managing unstable terrains. It also addresses the challenges associated with experimental determination of constitutive relationships and presents alternative simplification methods proposed by researchers. Additionally, it delves into numerical methods for solving nonlinear partial differential equations governing soil behavior, emphasizing the need for numerical frameworks and discussing various techniques and associated challenges. The rheological analysis section covers material flow behavior, rheological behavior models, and the rheological properties of water and cohesive sediment mixtures. Fundamental geotechnical calculations, constitutive laws, and failure criteria are explained, highlighting their relevance in geotechnical engineering applications. This paper provides a multidimensional perspective on geotechnical engineering, offering valuable insights into soil properties, consolidation processes, numerical methods, rheological analysis, and slope stability assessment for professionals in the field.

关键词： Consolidation Processes Managing Unstable Terrain Numerical Methods Safety Coefficient Slope Stability Assessment Soil Cohesion