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Robust Machine learning Mapping of sEMG Signals to Future Actuator Commands in Biomechatronic Devices

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2024年第1期21卷 270-287页

作者： Ali nasr Sydney Bell Rachel l.Whittaker Clark R.Dickerson John McPhee Systems Design Engineering University of WaterlooWaterloo N2L 3G1Canada Kinesiology and Health Sciences University of WaterlooWaterloo N2L3G3Canada

A machine learning model for regression of interrupted Surface Electromyography(sEMG)signals to future control-oriented signals(e.g.,robot’s joint angle and assistive torque)of an active biomechatronic device for high-level myoelectric-based hierarchical control is proposed.A Recurrent neural network(Rnn)was trained using output data,initially obtained from offline optimization of the biomechatronic(human–robot)device and shifted by the prediction *** input of the Rnn consisted of interrupted sEMG signals(to mimic signal disconnections)and previous kinematic signals of the assistive *** Rnn with a 0.1-s prediction horizon could predict the control-oriented joint angle and assistive torque with 92%and 86.5%regression accuracy,respectively,for the test *** proposed approach permits a fast,predictive,and direct estimation of control-oriented signals instead of an iterative process that optimizes assistive torque in the inverse dynamic simulation of a multibody human–robot *** with these interrupted input signals significantly improves the regression accuracy in the case of sEMG signal *** Robust Predictive Control-oriented Machine learning(Robust-MusclenET)model can support volitional high-level myoelectric-based control of biomechatronic devices,such as exoskeletons,prostheses,and assistive/resistive *** work should study the application to prosthesis control as well as the repeatability of the high-level controller with electrode *** low-level hierarchical controller that manages the human–robot interaction,the assistance/resistance strategy,and the actuator coordination should also be studied.

关键词： Myoelectric-based control-Surface electromyography Machine learning Multibody system dynamics Exoskeleton Bionic

Experimental measurement and numerical modeling of deformation behavior of breast cancer cells passing through constricted microfluidic channels

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Microsystems & nanoengineering 2024年第1期10卷 129-147页

作者： Pouyan Keshavarz Motamed Hesam Abouali Mahla Poudineh nima Maftoon Department of Systems Design Engineering University of WaterlooWaterlooON N2L 3G1Canada Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology University of WaterlooWaterlooON N2L 3G1Canada Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of WaterlooWaterlooON N2L 3G1Canada

During the multistep process of metastasis,cancer cells encounter various mechanical forces which make them deform *** accurate in-silico models,capable of simulating the interactions between the mechanical forces and highly deformable cancer cells,can pave the way for the development of novel diagnostic and predictive methods for metastatic ***-network models of cancer cell,empowered by our recently proposed identification approach,promises a versatile numerical tool for developing experimentally validated models that can simulate complex interactions at cellular *** this numerical tool,we presented spring-network models of breast cancer cells that can accurately replicate the experimental data of deformation behavior of the cells flowing in a fluidic domain and passing narrow constrictions comparable to ***,using high-speed imaging,we experimentally studied the deformability of breast cancer cell lines with varying metastatic potential(MCF-7(less invasive),SKBR-3(medium-high invasive),and MDA-MB-231(highly invasive)in terms of their entry time to a constricted microfluidic *** observed that MDA-MB-231,that has the highest metastatic potential,is the most deformable cell among the ***,by focusing on this cell line,experimental measurements were expanded to two more constricted microchannel *** experimental deformability data in three constricted microchannel sizes for various cell sizes,enabled accurate identification of the unknown parameters of the spring-network model of the breast cancer cell line(MDA-MB-231).Our results show that the identifed parameters depend on the cell size,suggesting the need for a systematic procedure for identifying the size-dependent parameters of spring-network models of *** the numerical results show,the presented cell models can simulate the entry process of the cell into constricted channels with very good agreements with the measured experimen

关键词： strict passing numerical

nanozyme catalysis in a crowded environment:The impact of diffusion and surface shielding

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nano Research 2024年第7期17卷 5795-5800页

作者： Vasily G.Panferov Juewen liu Department of Chemistry Waterloo Institute for NanotechnologyWaterlooOntario N2L 3G1Canada

nanozymes are widely used in various applications as nanosized catalysts for replacing *** accurate estimation of the catalytic activity of nanozymes in real conditions is *** this article,for the first time,we systematically studied the effect of macromolecular molecules co-existing in the real system on the oxidoreductase(peroxidase,oxidase,and catalase)-mimicking nanozymes made of a gold nanoparticle core and a platinum shell,Prussian Blue,Mn2O3 and CoO *** were made with horseradish *** distinguished two main mechanisms of the negative impact of macromolecules on nanozyme catalysis—slowed diffusion and surface shielding of *** the first mechanism is typical for enzymes,the second one is specific only for *** the mechanisms is essential for developing approaches to reduce the unavoidable impact of macromolecules for various analytical and biomedical applications.

关键词： molecular crowding biosensors nanoparticles

Efficiency improvement by using metal–insulator‑semiconductor structure in InGan/Gan micro‑light‑emitting diodes

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Frontiers of Optoelectronics 2024年第1期17卷 77-84页

作者： Jian Yin David Hwang Hossein Zamani Siboni Ehsanollah Fathi Reza Chaji Dayan Ban Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Waterloo Institute NanotechnologyUniversity of WaterlooWaterlooON N2L 3G1Canada Vuereal InC. 440 Philip StreetUnit 100WaterlooON N2L 5R9Canada

InGan/Gan micro-light-emitting diodes(micro-lEDs)with a metal–insulator-semiconductor(MIS)structure on the sidewall are proposed to improve *** this MIS structure,a sidewall electrode is deposited on the insulating layer-coated sidewall of the device mesa between a cathode on the bottom and an anode on the ***(El)measurements of fabricated devices with a mesa diameter of 10μm show that the application of negative biases on the sidewall electrode can increase the device external quantum efficiency(EQE).In contrast,the application of positive biases can decrease the *** band structure analysis reveals that the EQE is impacted because the application of sidewall electric fields manipulates the local surface electron density along the mesa sidewall and thus controls surface Shockley–Read–Hall(SRH)*** suggested strategies,reducing insulator layer thickness and exploring alternative materials,can be implemented to further improve the EQE of MIS micro-lEDs in future fabrication.

关键词： Micro-lED Gan EQE improvement Micro-fabrication

Reinforcement learning-Based Energy Management for Hybrid Power Systems:State-of-the-Art Survey,Review,and Perspectives

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2024年第3期37卷 1-25页

作者： Xiaolin Tang Jiaxin Chen Yechen Qin Teng liu Kai Yang Amir Khajepour Shen li college of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400044China School of Mechanical Engineering Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering University of WaterlooWaterlooON N2L 3G1Canada School of Civil Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

The new energy vehicle plays a crucial role in green transportation,and the energy management strategy of hybrid power systems is essential for ensuring energy-efficient *** paper presents a state-of-the-art survey and review of reinforcement learning-based energy management strategies for hybrid power ***,it envisions the outlook for autonomous intelligent hybrid electric vehicles,with reinforcement learning as the foundational *** of all,to provide a macro view of historical development,the brief history of deep learning,reinforcement learning,and deep reinforcement learning is presented in the form of a ***,the comprehensive survey and review are conducted by collecting papers from mainstream academic *** most of the contributions based on three main directions—algorithm innovation,powertrain innovation,and environment innovation—provides an objective review of the research ***,to advance the application of reinforcement learning in autonomous intelligent hybrid electric vehicles,future research plans positioned as“Alpha HEV”are envisioned,integrating Autopilot and energy-saving control.

关键词： new energy vehicle Hybrid power system Reinforcement learning Energy management strategy

Modeling long- and Short-Term Service Recommendations with a Deep Multi-Interest network for Edge Computing

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2024年第1期29卷 86-98页

作者： Rui Yuan Shunmei Meng Ruihan Dou Xinna Wang Department of Computer Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing 210056China Faculty of Mathematics University of WaterlooWaterloo N2L 3G1Canada

Edge computing platforms enable application developers and content providers to provide context-aware services(such as service recommendations)using real-time wireless access network *** to recommend the most suitable candidate from these numerous available services is an urgent ***-through rate(CTR)prediction is a core task of traditional service ***,many existing service recommender systems do not exploit user mobility for prediction,particularly in an edge computing *** this paper,we propose a model named long and short-term user preferences modeling with a multi-interest network based on user *** uses a logarithmic network to capture multiple interests in different fields,enriching the representations of user short-term *** terms of long-term preferences,users'comprehensive preferences are extracted in different periods and are fused using a nonlocal *** experiments on three datasets demonstrate that our model relying on user mobility can substantially improve the accuracy of service recommendation in edge computing compared with the state-of-the-art models.

关键词： recommender system logarithmic network nonlocal network

A Survey on an Emerging Safety Challenge for Autonomous Vehicles:Safety of the Intended Functionality

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Engineering 2024年第2期33卷 17-34页

作者： Hong Wang Wenbo Shao Chen Sun Kai Yang Dongpu Cao Jun li Tsinghua Intelligent Vehicle Design and Safety Research Institute School of Vehicle and MobilityTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China CogDrive lab Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics EngineeringUniversity of WaterlooWaterlooON N2L3G1Canada college of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400044China

As the complexity of autonomous vehicles(AVs)continues to increase and artificial intelligence algorithms are becoming increasingly ubiquitous,a novel safety concern known as the safety of the intended functionality(SOTIF)has emerged,presenting significant challenges to the widespread deployment of *** focuses on issues arising from the functional insufficiencies of the AVs’intended functionality or its implementation,apart from conventional safety *** the systems engineering standpoint,this study offers a comprehensive exploration of the SOTIF landscape by reviewing academic research,practical activities,challenges,and perspectives across the development,verification,validation,and operation *** research encompasses system-level SOTIF studies and algorithm-related SOTIF issues and ***,it encapsulates practical SOTIF activities undertaken by corporations,government entities,and academic institutions spanning international and Chinese contexts,focusing on the overarching methodologies and practices in different ***,the paper presents future challenges and outlook pertaining to the development,verification,validation,and operation phases,motivating stakeholders to address the remaining obstacles and challenges.

关键词： Safety of the intended functionality Autonomous vehicles Artificial intelligence Uncertainty Verification Validation

lattice-distorted Pt wrinkled nanoparticles for highly effective hydrogen electrocatalysis

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nano Research 2024年第5期17卷 3819-3826页

作者： Xue li Xiang Han Zhenrui Yang Shun Wang Yun Yang Juan Wang Jiadong Chen Zhongwei Chen Huile Jin Wenzhou Key lab of Advanced Energy Storage and Conversion Zhejiang Province Key Lab of Leather EngineeringCollege of Chemistry and Materials EngineeringWenzhou UniversityWenzhou 325035China Institute of new Materials and Industry Technology College of Chemistry and Materials EngineeringWenzhou UniversityWenzhou 325035China Department of Chemical Engineering Waterloo Institute for NanotechnologyUniversity of WaterlooWaterlooOntario N2L 3G1Canada

Modulating Pt surfaces through the introduction of lattice distortion emerges as immensely effective strategy that enhances the kinetics of alkaline hydrogen evolution and oxidation *** this study,we fabricated lattice-distorted Pt wrinkled nanoparticles(lD-Pt WnPs)for efficient hydrogen *** lD-Pt WnPs not only outperform the Pt/C benchmark in hydrogen oxidation reaction,achieving an excellent mass-specific current of 968.5 mA·mg_(Pt)^(-1)(9 times that of Pt/C),but also demonstrate outstanding hydrogen evolution reaction activity with a small overpotential of 58.0 *** experiments and density functional theory calculations reveal that lattice defects introduce an abundance of unsaturated coordination atoms while modifying the d-band center of *** dual effect optimizes the binding strength of crucial H and OH intermediates,leading to a significant reduction in the energy barrier of the reaction bottleneck,commonly known as the Volmer *** work unveils a fresh viewpoint on projecting and developing high efficiency electrocatalysts through defect engineering.

关键词： distortion nanoparticle hydrogen evolution reaction defect engineering hydrogen oxidation reaction

Disaster Awareness and Preparedness Among Older Adults in Canada Regarding Floods, Wildfires, and Earthquakes

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2024年第2期15卷 198-212页

作者： Evalyna Bogdan Rachel Krueger Julie Wright Kyle Woods Shaieree Cottar School of Administrative Studies Disaster and Emergency Management ProgramYork UniversityTorontoOntario M3J 1P3Canada Department of Geography and Environmental Management University of WaterlooWaterlooOntario N2L 3G1Canada Partners for Action Faculty of EnvironmentUniversity of WaterlooWaterlooOntario N2L 3G1Canada

Older adults are significantly impacted by natural hazards and disasters that are exacerbated by climate change. Understanding their awareness and preparedness is essential for enhancing disaster resilience. This study investigated the attitudes, actions, and recommendations of older adults regarding natural hazards that pose risks in their geographic area—specifically floods, wildfires, and/or earthquakes in Canada. Methods for this study included survey and focus groups with older adults(n = 161 and n = 10, respectively) and other high-risk groups from across Canada, that are vulnerable to these natural hazards. The main findings from this study are that current awareness and preparedness among older adults is low, though stronger perceptions of risks are associated with risks specific to geographic locations where respondents live. Several barriers, such as hazard vulnerability misperceptions, cost-related reasons, and lack of hazard awareness have resulted in low awareness and preparedness among these populations. The two main recommendations arising from this research are:(1) improve awareness and preparedness with tailor-made emergency preparedness materials for older adults;and(2) adopt community-based approaches to disaster preparedness through existing community groups to strengthen social connections with a focus on locally specific hazards. The findings from this research can be applied to other hazards, including heatwaves and pandemics.

关键词： Canada Community-based disaster risk management Disaster awareness and preparedness Disaster resilience natural hazards Older adults