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Establishing a new testing protocol of the electrochemical stability window for electric double-layer capacitors

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Science China Chemistry 2025年第01期 217-225页

作者： Ruilin Hou Xiaoxi Zhao Tingting liang Qingyun Dou Shan Xu Xingbin Yan School of Materials Science and Engineering Sun Yat-sen University laboratory of Clean Energy Chemistry and Materials Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Engineering and applied sciences Nanjing University Center of Industrial Analysis and Testing Guangdong Academy of Science

The electrochemical stability window(ESW) is crucial for determining the energy density of electric double-layer capacitors(EDlCs). However, current ESW testing protocols of EDlCs are strongly affected by artificial factors, thereby leading to unreliable result. To solve this problem, we first identify the key shortcomings of the traditional protocols by analyzing their test principles. Subsequently, taking an aqueous carbon-based EDlC as an example, we design a side reaction descriptor to represent the response difference in the charging capacitance to side reactions between the cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic chargedischarge methods. With the aid of this descriptor, we propose a new ESW testing protocol, which is not only able to completely avoid the adverse influence of subjective factors but also fully consider the operating condition limitations. The protocol can be extended from the single electrode to the full device. This work proposes a more rigorous definition of ESW and provides a reliable protocol for evaluating the ESW of EDlCs.

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Stability and scour development of bed material on crossbar block ramps

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2015年第04期30卷 344-350页

作者： Mario Oertel Daniel B.Bung Hydraulic Engineering Section Lbeck University of Applied Sciences Hydraulic Engineering Section Aachen University of Applied Sciences

Block ramps are ecologically oriented drop structures with adequate energy dissipation and partially moderate flow velocities.A special case is given with crossbar block ramps,where the upstream and downstream level difference is reduced by a series of *** prevent the total structure from failing,the stability of single boulders within the crossbars and the bed material in between must be *** present paper addresses the stability of bed material and scour development for various flow *** bed material erosion may affect the stability of the crossbar boulders,which in turn can result in major damages of the *** new design approaches are developed to choose an appropriate bed material size and to avoid failures of crossbar block ramp structures.

关键词： Crossbar block ramp Scouring Bed material erosion Particle densimetric Froude number

Regression analysis of squeezing-induced hybrid nanofluid flow in Darcy-Forchheimer porous medium

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applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2025年第1期46卷 193-208页

作者： K.MUHAMMAD M.SARFRAZ Department of Humanities and sciences School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science National University of Sciences and Technology Department of Mathematics Quaid-i-Azam University

This article presents a mathematical model addressing a scenario involving a hybrid nanofluid flow between two infinite parallel plates. One plate remains stationary, while the other moves downward at a squeezing velocity. The space between these plates contains a Darcy-Forchheimer porous medium. A mixture of water-based fluid with gold(Au) and silicon dioxide(Si O2) nanoparticles is formulated. In contrast to the conventional Fourier's heat flux equation, this study employs the Cattaneo-Christov heat flux equation. A uniform magnetic field is applied perpendicular to the flow direction, invoking magnetohydrodynamic(MHD) effects. Further, the model accounts for Joule heating, which is the heat generated when an electric current passes through the fluid. The problem is solved via NDSolve in MATHEMATICA. Numerical and statistical analyses are conducted to provide insights into the behavior of the nanomaterials between the parallel plates with respect to the flow, energy transport, and skin *** findings of this study have potential applications in enhancing cooling systems and optimizing thermal management strategies. It is observed that the squeezing motion generates additional pressure gradients within the fluid, which enhances the flow rate but reduces the frictional drag. Consequently, the fluid is pushed more vigorously between the plates, increasing the flow velocity. As the fluid experiences higher flow rates due to the increased squeezing effect, it spends less time in the region between the plates. The thermal relaxation, however, abruptly changes the temperature, leading to a decrease in the temperature fluctuations.

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The secondary periodic element ■ and its applications

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Science China Mathematics 2025年第1期 207-222页

作者： Jianguo Hong Xiangjun Wang Yu Zhang Science College Shijiazhuang University School of Mathematical sciences Nankai University Center for applied Mathematics Tianjin University

let p≥7 be a *** prove that ■ survives to E∞in the Adams-Novikov spectral ***,using the Thom map Φ:■,we can see that h0h3also survives to E∞in the classical Adams spectral *** an application of these results,we ...

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Decoding molecular mechanisms:brain aging and Alzheimer's disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第8期20卷 2279-2299页

作者： Mahnoor Hayat Rafay Ali Syed Hammad Qaiser Mohammad Uzair Khalid Al-Regaiey Roaa Khallaf lubna Abdullah Mohammed Albassam Imdad Kaleem Xueyi Wang Ran Wang Mehwish SBhatti Shahid Bashir Atta-ur-Rahman School of applied Biosciences(ASAB) National University of Sciences and Technology(NUST)IslamabadPakistan Department of Biotechnology Quaid-i-Azam UniversityIslamabadPakistan Department of Biological sciences Faculty of Basic&Applied SciencesInternational Islamic University Islamabad(IIUI)IslamabadPakistan Department of Bioengineering King Fahd University of Petroleum and MineralsDhahranSaudi Arabia Department of Physiology College of MedicineKing Saud UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia Department of Neurology Neuroscience CenterKing Fahad Specialist HospitalDammamSaudi Arabia Department of Mental Health Neuroscience CenterKing Fahad Specialist HospitalDammamSaudi Arabia Department of Biosciences Commission on Science and Technology for Sustainable Development in the South(COMSATS University)IslamabadPakistan Department of Psychiatry The First Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangHebei ProvinceChina Mental Health Institute of Hebei Medical university ShijiazhuangHebei ProvinceChina Department of Neurobiology and Behavior University of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA Neuroscience Center King Fahad Specialist Hospital DammamDammamSaudi Arabia

The complex morphological,anatomical,physiological,and chemical mechanisms within the aging brain have been the hot topic of research for *** aging process alters the brain structure that affects functions and cognitions,but the worsening of such processes contributes to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders,such as Alzheimer's *** these observable,mild morphological shifts,significant functional modifications in neurotransmission and neuronal activity critically influence the aging *** these changes is important for maintaining cognitive health,especially given the increasing prevalence of age-related conditions that affect *** review aims to explore the age-induced changes in brain plasticity and molecular processes,differentiating normal aging from the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease,thereby providing insights into predicting the risk of dementia,particularly Alzheimer's disease.

关键词： Alzheimer’s disease brain aging cognitive health dementia molecular mechanisms neuronal activity neuroplasticity neurotransmission

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Seasonal variations and distributions of dissolved free and total carbohydrates at the ?zmir Bay, Aegean Sea

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2018年第8期37卷 6-14页

作者： AlYURUK Hakan KONTAS Aynur Graduate School of Natural and applied sciences Dokuz Eylül University Institute of Marine sciences and Technology Dokuz Eylül University

Seasonal variations and distributions of dissolved carbohydrate concentrations at the ？zmir Bay were investigated with salinity, chlorophyll a（Chl a）, and dissolved organic carbon（DOC） levels to understand their *** were collected from surface, subsurface and bottom depths at seven stations. DOC concentrations ranged from 32.2 to 244.2 μmol/l, and in general, DOC levels increased from winter to summer, then slightly decreased in autumn. Monosaccharide（MCHO）, polysaccharide（PCHO） and total dissolved carbohydrate（TDCHO） levels were found between 0.7–8.3, 0.7–19.5, and 2.6–24.6 μmol/l. DOC, MCHO, PCHO and TDCHO levels were found higher in middle-inner bays, under the influence of anthropogenic inputs, compared to outer bay. Seasonal changes of MCHO/DOC, PCHO/DOC and TDCHO/DOC ratios were statistically significant（p〈0.05）and the ratios showed decrease trends from winter to summer-autumn seasons. Distributions of TDCHO/DOC ratios at wide ranges（2.5%–42.3%） indicated the presence of newly forming and degrading fractions of *** to results of factor analysis, Chl a, MCHO and TDCHO were explained in the same factor groups. In conclusion, the results showed that dissolved carbohydrate levels in the ？zmir Bay might be influenced by biological processes and terrestrial/anthropogenic inputs.

关键词： monosaccharides polysaccharides carbohydrates DOC Chl a imir Bay

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Shape effects on the ground-state energy of a three-electron quantum dot

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Chinese Physics B 2015年第12期24卷 488-493页

作者： Z.D.Vatansever S.Sakiroglu .Sokmen Department of Physics Faculty of Science Dokuz Eylül University Dokuz Eylül university Graduate School of Natural & Applied Sciences

In this work we will theoretically study the ground-state electronic structure of three-electron polygonal quantum dots by means of the configuration interaction method. Transition from a weakly correlated regime to a strongly correlated regime is investigated for quantum dots with hexagonal, square, and triangular geometries. Our numerical results reveal that the ground-state spin and the charge density distribution of the system are sensitive to the shape of the quantum dot.

关键词： quantum dot configuration interaction method Wigner molecule

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Why is the Omicron main protease of SARS-CoV-2 less stable than its wild-type counterpart?A crystallographic,biophysical,and theoretical study

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hlife 2024年第8期2卷 419-433页

作者： Mohamed Ibrahim Xinyuanyuan Sun Vinicius Martins de Oliveira Ruibin liu Joseph Clayton Haifa El Kilani Jana Shen Rolf Hilgenfeld Institute of Molecular Medicine University of Lübeck23562 LübeckGermany Department of Pharmaceutical sciences University of Maryland School of PharmacyBaltimoreMD 21201USA Division of applied Regulatory Science Office of Clinical PharmacologyOffice of Translational SciencesCenter for Drug Evaluation and ResearchUnited States Food and Drug AdministrationSilver SpringMD 20993USA German Center for Infection Research(DZIF) Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems SiteUniversity of Lübeck23562 LübeckGermany

During the continuing evolution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),the Omicron variant of concern emerged in the second half of 2021 and has been dominant since November of that *** with its sublineages,it has maintained a prominent role ever *** Nsp5 main protease(Mpro)of the Omicron virus is characterized by a single dominant mutation,*** we determined the X-ray crystal structures of the P132H mutant(or O-Mpro)as a free enzyme and in complex with the Mpro inhibitor,the alpha-ketoamide 13b-K,and we conducted enzymological,biophysical,as well as theoretical studies to characterize the *** found that O-Mpro has a similar overall structure and binding with 13b-K;however,it displays lower enzymatic activity and lower thermal stability compared to the WT-Mpro(with“WT”referring to the prototype strain).Intriguingly,the imidazole ring of His132 and the carboxylate plane of Glu240 are in a stacked configuration in the X-ray structures determined *** folding free energy calculations suggest that the O-Mpro dimer is destabilized relative to the WT-Mpro due to less favorable van der Waals interactions and backbone conformations in the individual ***-atom continuous constant-pH molecular dynamics(MD)simulations reveal that His132 and Glu240 display coupled *** pH 7,His132 is predominantly neutral and in a stacked configuration with respect to Glu240 which is *** order to examine whether the Omicron mutation eases the emergence of further Mpro mutations,we also analyzed the P132H+T169S double mutant,which is characteristic of the BA.1.1.2 ***,we found little evidence of a correlation between the two mutation sites.

关键词： severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2) main protease Omicron molecular dynamics Pro>His mutant double mutant

Bifunctional bridging capping layer enables 24.5% efficiency of perovskite solar cells with polymer-based hole transport materials

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Science China Chemistry 2025年第1期 350-359页

作者： Can Zhu Yiyang Wang lei Meng Beibei Qiu Jing li Shucheng Qin Ke Hu Xin Jiang Wenbin lai Minchao liu Zhe liu Chenxing lu Jinyuan Zhang Yongfang li Beijing National laboratory for Molecular sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Chemical Science University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Key laboratory of Solid State Optoelectronic Devices of Zhejiang Province College of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering Zhejiang Normal University Key laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials Technical Institute of Physics and ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials ScienceSoochow University

Developing a bridge capping layer between perovskite and hole transport layer materials（HTMs） in the n-i-p perovskite solar cells（pero-SCs） is an effective approach to modify the morphology of HTMs and passivate the perovskite ***, we select the quinoxaline-based bifunctional passivation agent, quinoxalin-6-yl-methylamine hydrochloride（Qx MACl）,as the bridging layer, and a D-A copolymer PBQ12 containing the same quinoxaline unit as an HTM for the n-i-p pero-SCs. Due to the π-π stacking among the common quinoxaline units in the bridge layer and HTM, Qx MACl induces the π-π stacking of the PBQ12 film and improves the film morphology of HTMs with better conductivity. Additionally, Qx MACl can effectively passivate the perovskite surface, and PBQ12 possesses appropriate energy levels and high hole mobility. The pero-SCs based on FAPbI3with PBQ12/Qx MACl treatment showed a higher power conversion efficiency（PCE） of 24.05% and outstanding stability, maintaining 95.4% and 92.1% of its initial PCE after 750 h of storage and after over 800 h of thermal annealing at 85 °C, respectively. To further enhance the PCE of the PBQ12/Qx MACl-based devices, we developed a non-metal ion dopant for the PBQ12 HTM. Through trace doping of PBQ12 HTM by the non-metal ion dopant, the PCE of the PBQ12/Qx MACl-based devices reached 25.24%（the calibrated PCE of 24.55% by the National Institute of Metrology, China）.

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