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The Perspectives of kwame nkrumah university of science and technology Dental School Graduates

Open Journal of Stomatology 2018年第5期8卷 158-167页

作者： Alex Oti Acheampong Felix Ampofo Anafi Nana Tuffuor Ampem Gyimah Ama Amuasi Solomon Obiri-Yeboah Daniel Kwesi Sabbah Alfred Nyarko Merley Newman Nartey Patrick Ampofo Stephen Ankoh Joseph Abu-Sakyi Isaac Kwaku Asiamah Robert Nii Lamy Larmie Francis Adu-Ababio James Appiah Amoateng Peter Donkor kwame nkrumah university of science and technology Dental School Kumasi Ghana Kumasi South Hospital Kumasi Ghana Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital Oral Health Directorate Kumasi Ghana university of Ghana School of Medicine and Dentistry Accra Ghana

Background: The idea of establishing a Dental school at the kwame nkrumah university of science and technology (KNUST) was borne out of a need. There was a shortfall in the supply of dental surgeons, especially in the northern half of the country. Aim/Objective: To seek for feedback from KNUST Dental school graduates over the past six about their overall assessment of the BDS courses taught during their clinical training and challenges faced in the course of their training. Methodology: A cross-sectional retrospective study of all KNUST Dental school graduates from 2012 to 2017. A structured goggle form questionnaire was developed. The Google form link was emailed to the representatives who in turn forwarded the link to their year mates. The questionnaire was filled online and submitted as requested. Results: This represented 63.0% of the entire graduates from KNUST Dental School. The male to female ratio was 1.3:1.0. The age range of our graduate was from 24 yrs (3.8%) to 32 years (1.9%). The average age was 26.3 years. 48.10% of respondents said their training was very good. The major challenges were inadequate clinical space (25.2%) and lack of materials and dental chairs for students’ clinic (27.3%). Conclusion: On the whole, the quality of the training was rated as very good even though some of the courses taught during the clinical training were rated as poor. Inadequate dental chairs, laboratory and clinic materials, supervision of student’s clinic were some of the major challenges expressed by the graduates.

关键词： Dentistry Perspective Graduates Challenges Students

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Mechanical properties of coppiced and non-coppiced Pterocarpus erinaceus boles and their industrial application

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Journal of Forestry Research 2019年第5期30卷 1973-1980页

作者： Charles Antwi-Boasiako Frederick Amin Anthonio Kwasi Frimpong-Mensah kwame nkrumah university of science and technology

Rosewood(Pterocarpus erinaceus Poir.)is valued for flooring,ornaments,musical instruments and furniture-making due to its durability,strength,beauty and acoustic *** coppices easily which could boost its continual *** parallel to grain,Modulus of Elasticity(MOE)and Modulus of Rupture(MOR)within coppiced and non-coppiced boles were *** properties decreased along both types of *** values for the heartwood were also greater than those for the sapwood of each type of ***,MOR and compression for non-coppiced stems were greater than those from the coppiced *** differences were significant(p<0.05).Mechanical properties from the coppiced and non-coppiced boles are *** have strength properties comparable with those of species widely used for railway sleepers,structural supports,flooring,veneer,furniture,cabinetry,truss and mine ***,coppiced wood could supplement non-coppiced wood for industrial applications which require strength.

关键词： Coppicing Wood density Mechanical property Rosewood Structural application

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Nematode distribution in cultivated and undisturbed soils of Guinea Savannah and Semi-deciduous Forest zones of Ghana

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Geoscience Frontiers 2019年第2期10卷 381-387页

作者： Obed Asiedu Charles Kodia Kwoseh Haddish Melakeberhan Thomas Adjei-Gyapong kwame nkrumah university of science and technology Michigan State university

Climate change affects air temperature, sea levels as well as the soil and its ecosystem. The Guinea Savannah and Semi-deciduous Forest zones of Ghana are characterized by different climatic conditions and vegetative cover. Annual average temperature has been steadily increasing whilst annual total rainfall has been decreasing in both zones, and this has been causing a southward shift of the Savannah into the Forest zone. Soil organisms provide crucial ecosystem services which are required for sustainable agriculture and food production yet crop cultivation disturbs the soil ecosystem. The harsh conditions associated with the Savannah further expose the soil ecosystem to disturbance and loss of biodiversity which threatens food production and security. Soil nematodes are the most abundant animals in the soil and play a central and critical role in the soil food web complex. Studying the nematode community structure gives a reflection of the status of the entire soil ecosystem. Soil samples were taken from cultivated and natural landscapes in the Guinea Savannah and Semi-deciduous Forest agroecological zones to analyse the nematode community. Results from the study showed the Guinea Savannah zone recording warmer soil temperatures, lower organic matter percentage and lower nematode diversity(Genus Richness) as compared to the Semi-deciduous Forest zone. If the Savannah continues to shift southward, the Forest zone soil ecosystem risks disturbance and loss of biodiversity due to the harsh Savannah conditions. Our findings indicate that prevailing crop cultivation practices also disturb soil ecosystem in the two ecological zones which span across West Africa. A disturbed soil ecosystem endangers the future of food production and food security.

关键词： Climate change Guinea Savannah Semi-deciduous Forest Soil temperature Soil nematode diversity

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Renewable energy in Benin: current situation and future prospects

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Clean Energy 2023年第5期7卷 952-961页

作者： Romain Akpahou Lena D.Mensah David A.Quansah Department of Mechanical Engineering Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology(KNUST)KumasiGhana The Brew-Hammond Energy Centre Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology(KNUST)KumasiGhana

To provide clean energy at a lower cost to their citizens,all nations of the world are striving to increase their energy production in an environmentally friendly *** has also joined this dynamic by considerably increasing its green energy production efforts in recent *** country has a huge undeveloped renewable-energy(RE)potential that can contribute considerably to its national energy production *** paper summarizes the current RE situation in Benin and examines its future *** current energy situation of the country is discussed,followed by an examination of its electricity demand-and-supply *** country has been found to depend heavily on natural gas and petroleum products from neighbouring countries and has~41%of national electricity ***,the government is taking considerable steps to implement RE projects in the *** study analyzes government targets in the energy sector with existing policies and institutional *** are made for the benefit of the government,the private sector and other actors in order to developing the RE potential of Benin.

关键词： Benin electricity demand energy policy future prospect renewable energy

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A critical review of carbonate reservoir wettability modification during low salinity waterflooding

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Petroleum 2023年第3期9卷 317-330页

作者： Perekaboere Ivy Sagbana kwame Sarkodie Wilberforce Aggrey nkrumah Zone 63 District 841DohaQatar Petroleum Engineering Department Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyGhana Smart Fluids Laboratory Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyGhana

The nature of carbonate reservoirs promotes the adsorption of oil onto the rock surface hence making oil recovery a challenge even with the interventions of varied chemical EOR ***,low salinity water flooding has become of great interest since it is cost-effective and environmentally *** low salinity waterflooding has been highly investigated in sandstone reservoirs,it is not the same for carbonate reservoirs due to its ***,it has been proposed as a favourable technique to mobilise the trapped oil in carbonate *** alteration is regarded as the most accepted mechanism for low salinity flooding but has not been well understood making field scale applications *** this paper,we present a detailed review of the wettability alteration mechanisms in carbonate reservoirs during low salinity *** influencing wettability alteration in carbonates and the interactions that occur at the rock/brine/oil interface are also *** different methods utilised for wettability measurements during low salinity waterflooding are also reviewed including their drawbacks and advantages and *** will provide an improved understanding of the low salinity flooding application in carbonate reservoirs.

关键词： Low salinity flooding Wettability alteration Carbonate rocks

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Exposures and risks of arsenic,cadmium,lead,and mercury in cocoa beans and cocoa-based foods:a systematic review

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Food Quality and Safety 2019年第1期3卷 1-8页

作者： Ekpor Anyimah-Ackah Isaac W.Ofosu Herman E.Lutterodt Godfred Darko Department of Food science and technology Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhanaWest Africa Department of Chemistry Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhanaWest Africa

Background:The World Health Organization has expressed concern about arsenic,cadmium,lead,and mercury as potentially harmful to human *** such,the world body has called for appropriate preventive and interventionary *** response,food regulatory bodies including European Food Safety Authority are monitoring the levels of these heavy metals in cocoa and cocoa ***:Therefore,the objective of this paper is to synthesize the latest relevant available peer-reviewed publications on arsenic,cadmium,lead,and mercury with a view to highlighting the gaps to encourage further research and informing *** and Methods:A systematic review was conducted using the European Food Safety Authority guide in PubMed database and the result was reported according to the PRISMA ***:The results show that processing may dilute or concentrate the levels of arsenic,cadmium,lead,and mercury,depending on processing factors including the product type,processing method,and raw *** addition,some products exceed the European Union and Chinese Maximum Contaminant Level and may pose ***,the findings show that the risk of heavy metal toxicities was higher among children relative to adults at the same exposure in cocoa-based products and that correcting risk estimates for bioavailability reduces the level of estimated ***:Therefore,the review concludes that further research is required to clarify the effect of processing on the level of these contaminants in specific cocoa-based ***,conducting risk studies based on age groups and correcting for bioavailability of arsenic,cadmium,lead,and mercury enhance accuracy of risk ***:The review,therefore,recommends that a value chain approach be adopted to assessing the levels,exposures,and risks of arsenic,cadmium,lead,and mercury in cocoa-based foods and the effect of processing on these levels.

关键词： toxic heavy metals risks exposures hazards cocoa-based products.

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Soil carbon stock and emission: estimates from three land-use systems in Ghana

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Ecological Processes 2021年第1期10卷 157-169页

作者： Joseph Anokye Vincent Logah Andrews Opoku Department of Crop and Soil sciences Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology(KNUST)KumasiGhana

Background:Land-use systems that sequester carbon and reduce CO_(2) emissions are key in the global mitigation strategies of climate *** gas emission from agro-ecosystems in sub-Saharan Africa is little ***,we quantified soil carbon stock(SCS)and CO_(2) emissions from three land-use systems *** land,oil palm plantation and forestland in the semi-deciduous forest zone of ***:Soil organic carbon concentration at the 0–15 cm layer in the forestland was 62 and 23%greater than that in the arable land and palm plantation,*** SCS along the 1.0-m profile was 108.2,99.0 and 73.5 Mg ha^(−1) in the forestland,palm plantation and arable land,*** land emitted 30–46%more CO_(2) than palm plantation and *** the dry season,CO_(2) emissions were respectively 0.93,0.63 and 0.5 kg ha^(−1) h−1 from the arable land,palm plantation and *** relationships were observed between CO_(2) emissions and SCS,soil temperature,and *** SCS greatly influenced CO_(2) emission in the dry season more than in the wet season in the relatively higher carbon-input systems(forestland and palm plantation).Soil temperature accounted for more than 55%of CO_(2) emissions in both seasons,which has implications in the era of rising global ***:The study provides relevant information on carbon storage abilities of the three land-use types in tropical climate and calls for drastic climate change actions to reduce degradation of forest cover and soil disturbance in agro-ecosystems in sub-Saharan Africa.

关键词： Arable land Carbon dioxide emission Climate change Soil moisture Soil temperature Sub-Saharan Africa

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Systematically controlled synthesis of rGO/nano-MnOx materials for supercapacitors

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Progress in Natural science:Materials International 2019年第5期29卷 504-510页

作者： Xiaoyu Zhao Haocun Yang Yongdan Hou Lemuel Gbologah Liang Zhu Yanfei Wang Tianjin Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Chemistry College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Tianjin University of Science and Technology College of Engineering Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology College of Art and Built Environment Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology College of Chemical Engineering and Materials science Tianjin University of Science and Technology

The effects of hydrothermal production conditions on crystal forms,morphology and electrochemical performance of in situ reduced graphene oxide/manganese oxides（r GO/Mn Ox）hybrid electrode materials were *** XRD/SEM results show that the ratio of precursors,reaction temperature and type of solvent significantly affected the crystal form obtained and nano-structure of *** precursor ratios of KMnO4:GO（5:1,7:1,9:1 and 11:1）yielded the hybrids of rGO/Mn7O135H2O,rGO/β-MnO2,rGO/Mn98O2,and rGO/K0.27MnO2（H2O）0.54,respectively,having corresponding nano structures of nano-sheets composed petal-like shape,petal-like shape based nano-wire clusters,petal-like shape with backwardly arched top and bigger mesoporous petal-like nano *** prepared precursor with the ratio of 5:1 exhibited the highest specific capacitance of 320 F/g at 0.2 A/g and the smallest diffusion ***,hybrid prepared precursor with the ratio of 7:1 presented the lowest electron transfer *** hydrothermal treatment temperatures（140,160 and 200℃）yielded hybrids:rGO/MnO（OH）,rGO/Mn0.91O1,82（H2O）0.18,and rGO/Mn7O135H2O,*** nano structures of the hybrids were nano-sheets having petal-like mesoporous structure,but having larger dimensions as temperature *** hybrid prepared at 160℃ showed the highest specific capacitance of 214 F/g at a current density of 0.2 A/g and the lowest solution resistance of1.61Ω,whiles,the hybrid prepared at 140℃ inferred the best cyclic reversibility.

关键词： Manganese oxides Crystal structure Hydrothermal treatment Specific capacitance Supercapacitors

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Attentiveness to Early Warning Drought Information:Implications for Policy Support and Climate Risk Reduction in Ghana

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International Journal of Disaster Risk science 2022年第1期13卷 25-37页

作者： Peter Dok Tindan Divine Odame Appiah Alexander Yao Segbefia Department of Geography and Rural Development Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiAshanti RegionGhana

Successful drought planning is dependent on the generation of timely and accurate early warning *** there is little evidence to explain the extent to which crop farmers pay attention to and assimilate early warning drought information that aids in the policy formulation in support of drought risk reduction.A socioecological survey,using a structured questionnaire administered to 426 crop farming households,was carried out in the Talensi District of the Upper East Region,*** data analytic techniques used were frequency tables,relative importance index,and multinomial logistics embedded in SPSS v.20 *** results show that crop farmers predominantly rely on agricultural extension officers for early warning drought information,with an estimated 78% of them paying little to very much attention to the *** likelihood ratio Chi-square test showed that there is a significant improvement in fit as X^(2)(20)=96.792,p<*** status,average monthly income,and age were the significant predictors for crop farmers paying no attention at all to early warning drought information,while household status was the only significant factor among those paying a little *** drive to build a climate-resilient society with effective early warning centers across Ghana will receive 60% lower support from crop farmers paying no to a little attention as compared to farmers paying very much attention to early warning drought *** stakeholder engagements should be carried out to harness inclusive support from crop farmers to build a climate-resilient society in Ghana.

关键词： Attentiveness to early drought warning Climate risk Drought risk reduction Ghana

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Physical and mechanical properties of Klainedoxa gabonensis with engineering potential

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Journal of Forestry Research 2017年第3期28卷 629-636页

作者： K.Boakye Boadu C.Antwi-Boasiako K.Frimpong-Mensah Department of Wood science&technology Faculty of Renewable Natural ResourcesKwame Nkrumah University of Science&TechnologyKumasiGhana

Adequate information is sparse for many tropical timbers on their engineering applications, which make their international promotion difficult. The physical and mechanical properties of Klainedoxa gabonensis Pierre ex Engl. （a lesserutilized species） and Entandrophragma cylindricum were compared. K. gabonensis contained more moisture with greater density at 12 % moisture content than E. cylindricum and had a tangential-radial ratio for swelling and shrinkage of 1.31-1.38 and 1.58-1.63, respectively, within acceptable thresholds for engineering/structural timbers. For K. gabonensis, shear parallel to grain was 32.2 ± 0.4-33.5 ±1 N mm^-2; compressive parallel to grain, 80.7 ± 1.4-90.6± 1 N mm^-2; modulus of rupture, 204± 4.0-214 ± 4.0 N mm^-2 and modulus of elasticity, 28,932 ± 664-29,493 ±822 N mm^-2. These properties were superior to those of E. cylindricum [（15.5 ± 0.9）- （15.6 ± 0.6）, （56.4 ± 4.5）-（63.6 ± 1.2）, （99.4 ± 4.7）- （121.3 ± 10.6）, and （9987.4 ± 207）-（10,051 ± 258） N mm^-2, respectively] and compared well with those of several traditional timbers for conslruction and furniture production. Its use would contribute to minimize pressure on the primary timbers in the forests and widen the raw material base for wooden products.

关键词： Density Dimensional stability Timberengineering Mechanical property Tangential-radialratio Traditional timber

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