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The Potential Game-Changer:A Concept-to-Proof Study on D:A Heterojunction-Free Organic Photovoltaics

Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2024年第3期42卷 252-258页

作者： Lijian Zuo Sae Byeok Jo Xueliang Shi Francis Lin Alex Jen State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and FunctionalizationDepartment of Polymer Science and EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058 China Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA School of Chemical Engineering Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU)Suwon16419 Republic of Korea School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal UniversityShanghai200062 China Department of Materials Science and Engineering City University of Hong KongKowloonHong KongChina Department of Chemistry City University of Hong KongKowloonHong KongChina Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy Hong KongChina

Since 1986,the donor-acceptor (D:A) heterojunction has been regarded a necessity for high-efficiency organic photovoltaics (OPVs),due to its unique advantage in compensating the intrinsic limitations of organic semiconductors,such as high exciton binding energy and poor ambipolar charge mobility. While this adversely causes tremendous non-radiative charge recombination and instability issues,which currently become the most critical limits for commercialization of OPVs. Here,we present a concept-to-proof study on the potential of D:A heterojunction free OPV by taking advantage of recent progress of non-fullerene acceptors. First,we demonstrate that the “free carriers” can be spontaneously generated upon illumination in an NFA,i.e.,the 6TIC-4F single layer. Second,the 6TIC-4F layer also exhibits good ambipolar charge transporting property. These exceptional characteristics distinguish it from the traditional organic semiconductors,and relieve it from the reliance of D:A heterojunction to independently work as active layer. As a result,the subsequent OPV by simply sandwiching the 6TIC-4F layer between the cathode and anode yields a considerably high power conversion efficiency ~1%. Moreover,we find the D:A heterojunction free device exhibits two order of magnitude higher electroluminescence quantum efficiency and significantly reduced VOC loss by 0.16 eV compared to those of the D:A BHJ structure,validating its promise for higher efficiency in the future. Therefore,our work demonstrates the possibility of using D:A heterojunction-free device structure for high performance,that can potentially become the next game changer of OPV.

关键词： Organic solar cells Spontaneous charge generation Ambipolar charge transport Charge recombination Perovskite-like organic semiconductor Schottky-junction structure Single component

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Emission and optical characteristics of brown carbon in size-segregated particles from three types of Chinese ships

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第8期142卷 248-258页

作者： Fengqin Yang Fan Zhang Zeyu Liu Yingjun Chen Yan Zhang Can Wu Yali Lei Shijie Liu Binyu Xiao Xinyi Wan Yubao Chen Yong Han Min Cui Cheng Huang Gehui Wang Key Lab of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education School of Geographic SciencesEast China Normal UniversityShanghai 200241China Institute of Eco-Chongming 20 Cuiniao Rd.ChongmingShanghai 202150China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of the Urban Air Pollution Complex Shanghai Academy of Environmental SciencesShanghai 200233China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention(LAP3) Department of Environmental Science and EngineeringFudan UniversityShanghai 200438China Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security Shanghai 200092China Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityKowloon 100872Hong KongChina College of Environmental Science and Engineering Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009China

Brown carbon(BrC)is one of the important light absorption substances that have high light absorption ability under short wavelength light.However,limit studies have focused on the BrC emission from ships.In this study,size-segregated particulate matters(PM)were collected from three different types of ships,light absorption characteristics and size distribution of methanol-soluble BrC and water-soluble BrC in PM from ship exhausts were investigated.Results showed that four-stroke low-power diesel fishing boat(4-LDF)had the highest mass concentrations of methanol-soluble organic carbon(MSOC)and water-soluble organic carbon(WSOC),followed by 2-stroke high-power heavy-fuel-oil vessel(2-HHV),and fourstroke high-power marine-diesel vessel(4-HMV).While 2-HHV had obviously higher light absorption coefficients of methanol-soluble BrC(Abs365,M)and water-soluble BrC(Abs365,W)in unit weight of PM than the other two types of ships.The tested ships presented comparable or higher absorption efficiency of BrC in water extracts(MAE365,W)compared with other BrC emission sources.Majority of BrC was concentrated in fine particles,and the particle size distributions of both Abs365,Mand Abs365,Wshowed bimodal patterns,peaking at0.43–0.65μm and 4.7–5.8μm,respectively.However,different particle size distributions were found for MAE365,Mbetween diesel and heavy fuel oil ships.Besides,different wavelength dependence in particles with different size were also detected.Ship exhaust could be confirmed as a non-ignorable BrC emission source,and complex influencing factor could affect the light absorption characteristics of ship emissions.Particle size should also be considered when light absorption ability of BrC was evaluated.

关键词： Ship emission Brown carbon Light absorption Size distribution

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Evaluation of the Psychological Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Chinese Patients with Common Mental Disorders in Primary Care: A Cross-Sectional Study

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Open Journal of Psychiatry 2022年第2期12卷 157-173页

作者： Hoi Tik Fung Kit Ping Loretta Lai Man Hei Matthew Luk Pang Fai Chan Department of Family Medicine and Primary Health Care United Christian Hospital and Tseung Kwan O Hospital Kowloon East Cluster Hospital Authority Hong Kong China

Purpose: Our study aimed to evaluate the psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic on Chinese patients with common mental disorders in primary care in Hong Kong. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 102 Chinese patients with common mental disorders and being followed up in two public integrated mental health clinics in Hong Kong from 1st November 2020 to 31st January 2021. Patients would be evaluated about the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on their mood and daily life by using a questionnaire which assessed social distancing effects, financial impact, relationship with family, anxiety and depressive symptoms. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and General Anxiety Disorder-7 Questionnaire (GAD-7) would also be used to assess patients’ mood symptoms. Factors which were related to COVID-19 pandemic and associated with anxiety or depressive symptoms would be analysed. Results: The mean age of the subjects was 58.0 years and more patients were female (77.5%). There were 84.3% and 72.5% of patients reported their anxiety and depressive symptoms being affected by COVID-19 pandemic respectively. It was found that 17.6% of patients had their income decreased or were unemployed. About one-third (30.4%) of patients indicated that their relationship with their family was worsened while 8.8% was improved. Social distancing was significantly associated with anxiety (p = 0.006) and depressive symptoms (p 0.001) in patients with common mental disorders. Conclusion: There was considerably more psychological impact including an increase in anxiety and depressive symptoms due to COVID-19 pandemic in Chinese patients with existing common mental disorders in primary care. Primary care physicians should raise their awareness of the psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic on their patients. Our findings shed light on mental health care planning and preventive measures during the COVID-19 pandemic and potential subsequent pandemics.

关键词： Psychological COVID-19 Common Mental Disorders Primary Care

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Growing Threat of Rapidly-Intensifying Tropical Cyclones in east Asia

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2022年第2期39卷 222-234页

作者： Kin Sik LIU Johnny C.L.CHAN Guy Carpenter Asia-Pacific Climate Impact centre School of Energy and EnvironmentCity University of Hong KongTat Chee Ave.KowloonHong KongChina

This study examines the long-term change in the threat of landfalling tropical cyclones(TCs) in east Asia over the period 1975–2020 with a focus on rapidly intensifying(RI) TCs. The increase in the annual number of RI-TCs over the western North Pacific and the northwestward shift of their genesis location lead to an increasing trend in the annual number of landfalling RI-TCs along the coast of east Asia. The annual power dissipation index(PDI), a measure of the destructive potential of RI-TCs at landfall, also shows a significant increasing trend due to increases in the annual frequency and mean landfall intensity of landfalling RI-TCs. The increase in mean landfall intensity is related to a higher lifetime maximum intensity(LMI) and the LMI location of the landfalling RI-TCs being closer to the coast. The increase in the annual PDI of east Asia is mainly associated with landfalling TCs in the southern(the Philippines, South China, and Vietnam) and northern parts(Japan and the Korean Peninsula) of east Asia due to long-term changes in vertical wind shear and TC heat potential. The former leads to a northwestward shift of favorable environments for TC genesis and intensification, resulting in the northwestward shift in the genesis, RI, and LMI locations of RI-TCs. The latter provides more heat energy from the ocean for TC intensification, increasing its chances to undergo RI.

关键词： tropical cyclone landfall tropical cyclone intensity climate change rapid intensification

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Kernel Density Estimation Based Multiphase Fuzzy Region Competition Method for Texture Image Segmentation

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Communications in Computational Physics 2010年第8期8卷 623-641页

作者： Fang Li Michael K.Ng Department of Mathematics East China Normal UniversityShanghai 200241China centre for Mathematical Imaging and Vision and Department of Mathematics Hong Kong Baptist UniversityKowloon TongHong Kong

In this paper,we propose a multiphase fuzzy region competition model for texture image segmentation.In the functional,each region is represented by a fuzzy membership function and a probability density function that is estimated by a nonparametric kernel density estimation.The overall algorithm is very efficient as both the fuzzy membership function and the probability density function can be implemented easily.We apply the proposed method to synthetic and natural texture images,and synthetic aperture radar images.Our experimental results have shown that the proposed method is competitive with the other state-of-the-art segmentation methods.

关键词： Texture multiphase region competition kernel density estimation fuzzy membership function total variation

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Artificial cilia for soft and stable surface covalent immobilization of bone morphogenetic protein-2

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Bioactive Materials 2023年第6期24卷 551-562页

作者： Qi Gan Lina Chen Ho-Pan Bei Sze-Wing Ng Han Guo Guoqiang Liu Hao Pan Changsheng Liu Xin Zhao Zijian Zheng Laboratory for Advanced Interfacial Materials and Devices School of Fashion and TextilesThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityKowloon99077Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education School of Materials Science and EngineeringEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai200237PR China Department of Biomedical Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomHong Kong Special Administrative Region of China Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility Shanghai Advanced Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai201204PR China Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology Faculty of ScienceThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityKowloon99077Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China

Preservation of growth factor sensitivity and bioactivity(e.g.,bone morphogenetic protein-2(BMP-2))post-immobilization to tissue engineering scaffolds remains a great challenge.Here,we develop a stable and soft surface modification strategy to address this issue.BMP-2(a model growth factor)is covalently immobilized onto homogeneous poly(glycidyl methacrylate)(PGMA)polymer brushes which are grafted onto substrate surfaces(Au,quartz glass,silica wafer,or common biomaterials)via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization.This surface modification method multiplies the functionalized interfacial area;it is simple,fast,gentle,and has little effect on the loaded protein owing to the cilia motility.The immobilized BMP-2(i-BMP-2)on the surface of homogeneous PGMA polymer brushes exhibits excellent bioactivity(-87%bioactivity of free BMP-2 in vitro and 20%-50%higher than scaffolds with free BMP-2 in vivo),with conformation and secondary structure well-preserved after covalent immobilization and ethanol sterilization.Moreover,the osteogenic activity of i-BMP-2 on the nanoline pattern(PGMA-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide))shows-110%bioactivity of free BMP-2.This is superior compared to conventional protein covalent immobilization strategies in terms of both bioactivity preservation and therapeutic efficacy.PGMA polymer brushes can be used to modify surfaces of different tissue-engineered scaffolds,which facilitates in situ immobilization of growth factors,and accelerates repair of a wide range of tissue types.

关键词： Polymer brush Poly(glycidyl methacrylate) Surface modification Protein immobilization Bioactivity

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Neurodynamics analysis of brain information transmission

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2009年第11期30卷 1415-1428页

作者：王如彬张志康 Chi K. Tse Institute for Cognitive Neurodynamics School of Information Science and EngineeringEast China University of Science and Technology Institute for Cognitive Neurodynamics School of Information Science and EngineeringEast China University of Science and Technology Department of Electronic and Information Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityKowloon

This paper proposes a model of neural networks consisting of populations of perceptive neurons, inter-neurons, and motor neurons according to the theory of stochastic phase resetting dynamics. According to this model, the dynamical characteristics of neural networks are studied in three coupling cases, namely, series and parallel coupling, series coupling, and unilateral coupling. The results show that the indentified structure of neural networks enables the basic characteristics of neural information processing to be described in terms of the actions of both the optional motor and the reflected motor. The excitation of local neural networks is caused by the action of the optional motor. In particular, the excitation of the neural population caused by the action of the optional motor in the motor cortex is larger than that caused by the action of the reflected motor. This phenomenon indicates that there are more neurons participating in the neural information processing and the excited synchronization motion under the action of the optional motor.

关键词： serial and parallel model of neural networks phase coding synchronousmotion perception neuron inter-neuron motor neuron population of neural oscillators

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Asymmetric dearomatization enabled by chiral Bronsted acid activation of ynamides

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Science China Chemistry 2022年第1期65卷 3-4页

作者： Xingguang Li Jianwei Sun Department of Chemistry the Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayKowloonHong Kong SARChina Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic ChemistryState Key Laboratory of Chemical EngineeringSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringEast China University of Science&TechnologyShanghai 200237China

Chiral Bronsted acid catalysis has evolved into a powerful synthetic tool in asymmetric synthesis in the past two decades or so.However,despite the broad scope of reactions achieved by chiral Bronsted acid catalysis,t... 详细信息

关键词： chiral activation catalysis

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Moving Finite Element Simulations for Reaction-Diffusion Systems

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Advances in Applied Mathematics and Mechanics 2012年第3期4卷 365-381页

作者： Guanghui Hu Zhonghua Qiao Tao Tang Department of Mathematics Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824-1027USA Department of Applied Mathematics The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomKowloonHong Kong Department of Mathematics Hong Kong Baptist UniversityKowloon TongHong Kong

This work is concerned with the numerical simulations for two reactiondiffusion systems,i.e.,the Brusselator model and the Gray-Scott model.The numerical algorithm is based upon a moving finite element method which helps to resolve large solution gradients.High quality meshes are obtained for both the spot replication and the moving wave along boundaries by using proper monitor functions.Unlike[33],this work finds out the importance of the boundary grid redistribution which is particularly important for a class of problems for the Brusselator model.Several ways for verifying the quality of the numerical solutions are also proposed,which may be of important use for comparisons.

关键词： Reaction-diffusion systems Brusselator model Gray-Scott model moving finite element method

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Highly active cobalt-doped nickel sulfide porous nanocones for high-performance quasi-solid-state zinc-ion batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第3期31卷 237-249,I0008页

作者： Xin Tong Yun Li Ning Pang Yang Zhou Dajun Wu Dayuan Xiong Shaohui Xu Lianwei Wang Paul K.Chu Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices(MOE) Department of ElectronicsEast China Normal UniversityShanghai 200241China Jiangsu Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials School of Electronic and Information EngineeringChangshu Institute of TechnologyChangshu 215500JiangsuChina School of Physics and Electronic Engineering Hanshan Normal UniversityChaozhou 521041GuangdongChina Department of Physics Department of Materials Science and Engineeringand Department of Biomedical EngineeringCity University of Hong KongKowloon 999077Hong KongChina

Flexible quasi-solid zinc-ion batteries(ZIBs)have large potential in power applications due to the low price,wearable nature,safety,and high capacity.However,the use of transition metal sulfide cathodes in ZIBs has not been studied extensively and the underlying mechanism and theoretical basis of this type of batteries are not well understood.Herein,a highly active cobalt-doped Ni_(3)S_(2) porous nanocone framework(C12NS)is designed and demonstrated as a zinc-ion battery electrode.First-principles calculation and experiments reveal that the cobalt dopant improves the battery properties greatly.The assembled flexible zinc-ion battery exhibits a high specific capacity of 453.3 mAh g^(−1)at a current density of 0.4 A g^(−1)in as well as excellent cycling stability as manifested by a capacity retention ratio of 89.5%at a current density of 4 A g^(−1)after 5000 cycles.The peak energy density of 553.9 Wh kg^(−1)is also superior to those of most recently reported NiCo-based zinc-ion batteries.More importantly,the flexible battery can be operated under severe mechanical bending and even continues to work after physical puncturing without showing leakage.These exciting results not only reveal a novel design of cathode materials for zinc-based batteries,but also suggest their immense commercial potential in portable and wearable electronics.

关键词： Zn-ion battery Quasi-solid electrolyte Nanocone Doping Wearable electronic

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