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Porously Reduced 2-Dimensional Bi_(2)O_(2)CO_(3) Petals for Strain-Mediated Electrochemical CO_(2) Reduction to HCOOH

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2024年第1期7卷 215-221页

作者： Won Seok Cho Dae Myung Hong Wan Jae Dong Tae Hyung Lee Chul Jong Yoo Donghwa Lee Ho Won Jang Jong-Lam Lee Department of Materials Science and Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology(POSTECH)Pohang Gyungbuk 37673Korea Department of Materials Science and Engineering research institute of Advanced Materials Seoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Korea

Here we introduce bismuth-based catalysts for the efficient electrochemical reduction of CO_(2)to formic acid(HCOOH),which are composed of petal-shaped Bi_(2)O_(2)CO_(3)(BOC)that spontaneously formed from Bi thin film in aqueous carbonate solution at room *** the electrochemical reduction process,the BOC petals transform to reduced BOC(R-BOC)consisting of individual BOC and Bi *** mismatch between both domains induces biaxial strain at the *** functional theory calculations suggest that the tensile strain on the Bi domain stabilizes the*OCHO intermediate,reducing the thermodynamic barrier toward CO_(2)conversion to *** with the thermodynamic benefit and the unique nanoporous petal-shaped morphology,R-BOC petals have a superior Faradaic efficiency of 95.9%at-0.8 V_(RHE)for the electrochemical conversion of CO_(2)to *** work demonstrates that the spontaneously formed binary phases with desirable lattice strain can increase the activity of bismuth catalysts to the CO_(2)reduction reaction;such a strategy can be applicable in design of various electrocatalysts.

关键词： bismuth carbon dioxide reduction formic acid heterointerfaces strain

Melatonin Alleviates Abscisic Acid Deficiency Inhibition on Photosynthesis and Antioxidant Systems in Rice under Salt Stress

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2024年第7期93卷 1421-1440页

作者： Feiyu Yan Xin Chen Zhenzhen Wang Yuxuan Xia Dehui Zheng Sirui Xue Hongliang Zhao Zhiwei Huang Yuan Niu Guoliang Zhang School of Life Sciences and food Engineering Huaiyin Institute of TechnologyHuai’an223003China Jianghuai Plain Crop Industry Engineering research institute Huaiyin Institute of TechnologyHuai’an223003China

Melatonin and abscisic acid,as major plant hormones,play important roles in the physiological and biochemical activities of crops,but the interaction between the two under salt stress is not yet *** study investigated the endogenous levels of melatonin and abscisic acid in rice by using exogenous melatonin,abscisic acid,and their synthetic inhibitors,and examined their interactions under salt *** research results indicate that melatonin and abscisic acid can improve rice salt *** alleviated the salt sensitivity caused by abscisic acid deﬁciency,increased antioxidant enzyme activity and antioxidant content in rice treated with abscisic acid synth-esis inhibitors,and reduced total reactive oxygen species content and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance *** also increased the activity of key photosynthetic enzymes and the content of photosynthetic pigments,maintaining the parameters of photosynthetic gas exchange and chlorophyllﬂ*** summary,melatonin alleviated the effects of abscisic acid deﬁciency on photosynthesis and antioxidant systems in rice and improved salt *** study is beneﬁcial for expanding the understanding of melatonin regulation of crop salt tolerance.

关键词： Melatonin abscisic acid salt stress rice photosynthesis antioxidant system

OsWRKY65 enhances immunity against fungal and bacterial pathogens in rice

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The Crop Journal 2024年第2期12卷 470-481页

作者： Seungmin Son Giha Song Suhyeon Nam Jinjeong Lee Duk-Ju Hwang Eun-Jung Suh Sang Ryeol Park National institute of Agricultural Sciences Rural Development AdministrationJeonju 54874Republic of Korea Department of Agriculture Forestry and BioresourcesPlant Genomics and Breeding InstituteResearch Institute of Agriculture and Life SciencesSeoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Republic of Korea Department of Crop Science and Biotechnology Jeonbuk National UniversityJeonju 54896Republic of Korea

Diverse bacterial and fungal pathogens attack plants,causing biotic stress and severe yield losses *** losses are expected to become more serious as climate change improves conditions for many ***,identifying genes conferring broad-spectrum disease resistance and elucidating their underlying mechanisms provides important resources for plant *** transcription factors affect plant growth and stress ***,the functions of many WRKY proteins remain to be ***,we demonstrated the role of rice(Oryza sativa)WRKY groupⅢtranscription factor OsWRKY65 in ***65 localized to the nucleus and acted as transcriptional *** and molecular functional analyses showed that OsWRKY65 increases resistance to the fungal pathogen Fusarium fujikuroi through downregulation of GA signaling and upregulation of JA ***,OsWRKY65 modulated the expression of the key genes that confer susceptibility or resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae *** to enhance immunity against the *** particular,OsWRKY65directly bound to the promoter region of OsSWEET13 and repressed its *** together,our findings demonstrate that the OsWRKY65 enhances resistance to fungal and bacterial pathogens in rice.

关键词： Bacterial blight Bakanae disease Broad-spectrum disease resistance Oriza sativa OsWRKY65 Rice

Meta Shack–Hartmannwavefront sensor with large sampling density and large angular field of view:phase imaging of complex objects

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第9期13卷 1908-1918页

作者： Gi-Hyun Go Dong-gu Lee Jaeyeon Oh Gookho Song Doeon Lee Mooseok Jang Department of Bio and Brain Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology(KAIST)DaejeonRepublic of Korea

Shack–Hartmann wavefront sensors measure the local slopes of an incoming wavefront based on the displacement of focal spots created by a lenslet array,serving as key components for adaptive optics for astronomical and biomedical ***,the challenges in increasing the density and the curvature of the lenslet have limited the use of such wavefront sensors in characterizing slowly varying wavefront ***,we develop a metasurfaceenhanced Shack–Hartmann wavefront sensor(meta SHWFS)to break this limit,considering the interplay between the lenslet parameters and the performance of *** experimentally validate the meta SHWFS with a sampling density of 5963 permm2 and a maximum acceptance angle of 8°which outperforms the traditional SFWFS by an order of ***,to the best of our knowledge,we demonstrate the first use of a wavefront sensing scheme in single-shot phase imaging of highly complex patterns,including biological tissue *** proposed approach opens up new opportunities in incorporating exceptional light manipulation capabilities of the metasurface platform in complex wavefront characterization.

关键词： angular curvature exceptional

Rice ONAC016 promotes leaf senescence through abscisic acid signaling pathway involving OsNAP

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The Crop Journal 2024年第3期12卷 709-720页

作者： Eunji Gi Sung-Hwan Cho Suk-Hwan Kim Kiyoon Kang Nam-Chon Paek Department of Agriculture Forestry and BioresourcesPlant Genomics and Breeding InstituteResearch Institute of Agriculture and Life SciencesSeoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Republic of Korea Division of Life Sciences Incheon National UniversityIncheon 22012Republic of Korea

Senescence-induced NAC(senNAC)TFs play a crucial role in senescence during the final stage of leaf *** this study,we identified a rice senNAC,ONAC016,which functions as a positive regulator of leaf *** expression of ONAC016 increased rapidly in rice leaves during the progression of dark-induced and natural *** onac016-1 knockout mutant showed a delayed leaf yellowing phenotype,whereas the overexpression of ONAC016 accelerated leaf ***,ONAC016 expression was upregulated by abscisic acid(ABA),and thus detached leaves of the onac016-1 mutant remained green much longer under ABA *** RT-PCR analysis showed that ONAC016 upregulates the genes associated with chlorophyll degradation,senescence,and ABA *** one-hybrid and dual-luciferase assays revealed that ONAC016 binds directly to the promoter regions of OsNAP,a key gene involved in chlorophyll degradation and ABA-induced *** together,these results suggest that ONAC016 plays an important role in promoting leaf senescence through the ABA signaling pathway involving OsNAP.

关键词： Rice ONAC016 OsNAP Leaf senescence Abscisic acid signaling

Solar Driven 15.7% Hydrogen Conversion by Harmony of Light Harvesting,Electron Transporting Bridge,and S-Defection in a Self-Assembled Microscale CuS/rGO/CP Photoanode

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2024年第3期7卷 190-201页

作者： Sujeong Kim Boseok Seo Hyerim Park Younghwan Im Jeong Yeon Do Byung Sub Kwak Namgyu Son Minkyu Kim Misook Kang Department of Chemistry College of Natural SciencesYeungnam UniversityGyeongsan Gyeongbuk 38541Korea School of Chemical Engineering Yeungnam UniversityGyeongsan Gyeongbuk 38541Korea Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry Graduate School of EngineeringKyoto UniversityKyoto 615-8510Japan korea Evaluation institute of Industrial Technology(Keit) Cheomdan-Ro 8-GilDong-GuDaegu 41069Korea korea Electric Power research institute(KEPRI)105 Munji-ro Yooseong-guDaejeon 34056Korea

CuS is an encouraging photoelectrode candidate that meets the essential requirements for efficient solar-to-hydrogen production,but it has not been thoroughly studied.A CuS light absorber layer is grown by the self-assembly of copper and sulfur precursors on a carbon paper(CP)***,rGO is introduced as a buffer layer to control the optical and electrical properties of the *** well-ordered microstructural arrangement suppresses the recombination loss of electrons and holes owing to enhanced charge-carrier generation,separation,and *** potential reaching 10 mA cm^(-2)in 1.0 M KOH solution is significantly lowered to 0.87 V,and the photocurrent density at 1.23 V is 94.7 mA cm^(-2).The computational result reveals that the potential-determining step is sensitive to O^(*)stability;the lower stability of O^(*)in the thin layer of CuS/rGO decreases the free-energy gap between the initial and final states of the potential-determining step,resulting in a lowering of the onset *** faradaic efficiency for the photoelectrochemical oxygen evolution reaction in the optimized 2CuS/1rGO/CP photoanode is 98.60%,and the applied bias photon-to-current and the solar-to-hydrogen efficiencies are 11.2%and 15.7%,respectively,and its ultra-high performance is maintained for 250 *** record-breaking achievement indices may be a trigger for establishing a green hydrogen economy.

关键词： 15.7%-solar to hydrogen density functional theory lower photopotential p-CuS/rGO/CP photoanode photoelectrochemical oxygen evolution

Fatty acids derived from oviposition systems guide female black soldier flies(Hermetia illucens)toward egg deposition sites

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Insect Science 2024年第4期31卷 1231-1248页

作者： Patrick Klüber Emna Arous Jeanny Jerschow Marco Fraatz Daniel Bakonyi Martin Rühl Holger Zorn Department Bioresources Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied EcologyGiessenGermany institute of food Chemistry and food Biotechnology Justus Liebig University GiessenGiessenGermany

The black soldier fly,Hermetia illucens,comes with big promises for industrial purposes since its larvae feed polyphagously on a broad spectrum of organic ***,research focusing on adult flies is scarce,which is inconsistent with their reproductive relevance within the rearing *** particular,directed oviposition is a challenge in artificial ***,decomposing organic matter is commonly used as oviposition substrate,which has extensive potential for improvement in view of the lack of standardization and the risk of microbial ***,we identified three fatty acids and one fatty acid methyl ester derived from the surface of old oviposition sites and targeted to elucidate their effect on preference behavior and oviposition site selection using Y-olfactometry and prepared oviposition sites,*** to tetradecanoic acid attracted gravid females and stimulated oviposition most strongly,while decanoic acid demonstrated a repulsive *** kept in mixed-sex populations were attracted by tetradecanoic acid,resulting in a higher egg mass found in the compound box(3.0–11.4 fold),a≥2.3 fold reduction of nonspecifically deposited eggs,and the highest total egg ***,decanoic and dodecanoic acid caused females to lay a greater proportion of eggs nonspecifically outside both *** data suggest that fatty acids,especially tetradecanoic acid,are important cues for oviposition site selection in black soldier *** order to achieve a directed oviposition behavior,the role of further short-and long-chain fatty acids as attractants should be examined.

关键词： black soldier fly Hermetia illucens fatty acids insects as food and feed oviposition oviposition site selection tetradecanoic acid

Benefit in physical function and quality of life to nonsurgical treatment of varicose veins: Pilot study

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第3期12卷 517-524页

作者： Gwon-Min Kim BoKun Kim Minwoo Jang Jong-Hwan Park Miju Bae Chung Won Lee Jong Won Kim Up Huh Medical research institute Pusan National University School of MedicineYangsan 50612South Korea Future Convergence research institute Changwon National UniversityChangwon 51140South Korea Department of Convergence Medical Science School of MedicinePusan National UniversityYangsan 50612South Korea Health Convergence Medicine Laboratory Biomedical Research InstitutePusan National University HospitalBusan 49241South Korea Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Pusan National University School of MedicineBiomedical Research InstitutePusan National University HospitalBusan 49241South Korea

BACKGROUND Studies on varicose veins have focused its effects on physical function;however,whether nonsurgical treatments alter muscle oxygenation or physical function remains ***,the differences in such functions between individuals with varicose veins and healthy individuals remain *** To investigate changes in physical function and the quality of life(QOL)following nonsurgical treatment of patients with varicose veins and determine the changes in their muscle oxygenation during *** We enrolled 37 participants(those with varicose veins,n=17;healthy individuals,n=20).We performed the following measurements pre-and post-nonsurgical treatment in the varicose vein patients and healthy individuals:Calf muscle oxygenation during the two-minute step test,open eyes one-leg stance,30 s sit-to-stand test,visual analog scale(VAS)for pain,Pittsburgh sleep quality index,physical activity assessment,and QOL *** Varicose veins patients and healthy individuals differ in most variables(physical function,sleep quality,and QOL).Varicose veins patients showed significant differences between pre-and post-nonsurgical treatment—results in the 30 sit-to-stand test[14.41(2.45)to 16.35(4.11),P=0.018],two-minute step test[162.29(25.98)to 170.65(23.80),P=0.037],VAS for pain[5.35(1.90)to 3.88(1.73),P=0.004],and QOL[39.34(19.98)to 26.69(17.02),P=0.005];however,no significant difference was observed for muscle *** Nonsurgical treatment improved lower extremity function and QOL in varicose veins patients,bringing their condition close to that of healthy *** studies should include patients with severe varicose veins requiring surgery to confirm our findings.

关键词： Varicose vein Nonsurgical treatment Physical function Quality of life Near infrared spectroscopy

Recent trends in the epidemiology and clinical outcomes of inflammatory bowel disease in South korea,2010-2018

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第9期30卷 1154-1163页

作者： Seulji Kim Hyun Jung Lee Seung Woo Lee Sanghyun Park Seong-Joon Koh Jong Pil Im Byeong Gwan Kim Kyung-Do Han Joo Sung Kim Department of Internal Medicine Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical SciencesSeoul 01812South Korea Department of Internal Medicine and Liver research institute Seoul National University College of MedicineSeoul 03080South Korea Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science Soongsil UniversitySeoul 06978South Korea

BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)was previously regarded as a Western disease;however,its incidence is increasing in the *** epidemiology of IBD in Asia differs significantly from the patterns in the *** To comprehensively investigate the epidemiology of IBD in South korea,inclu-ding its incidence,prevalence,medication trends,and *** We analyzed claims data from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service and Rare and Intractable Diseases(RIDs),operated by the National Health Insurance Service of South *** with IBD were identified based on the International Classification of Diseases,Tenth Revision,and RID diagnostic codes for Crohn’s disease(CD)and ulcerative colitis(UC)from 2010 to *** In total,14498 and 31409 patients were newly diagnosed with CD and UC,respectively,between 2010 and *** annual average incidence of CD was 3.11 cases per 105 person-years,and that of UC was 6.74 cases per 10^(5) *** 2014,the incidence rate of CD has been stable,while that of UC has steadily increased,shifting the peak age group from 50-year-olds in 2010 to 20-year-olds in *** CD and UC prevalence increased consistently over the study period;the use of 5-aminosali-cylates and corticosteroids gradually decreased,while that of immunomodulators and biologics steadily increased in both CD and *** clinical outcomes of IBD,such as hospitalization and surgery,decreased during the study *** The CD incidence has been stable since 2014,but that of UC has increased with a shift to a younger age at peak incidence between 2010 and *** clinical outcomes improved over time,with increased use of immunomodu-lators and biologics.

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease Crohn’s disease Ulcerative colitis Incidence Prevalence