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Pharmacological intervention for chronic phase of spinal cord injury

Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1377-1389页

作者： Chihiro Tohda Section of Neuromedical science Institute of Natural MedicineUniversity of ToyamaToyamaJapan

Spinal cord injury is an intractable traumatic injury. The most common hurdles faced during spinal cord injury are failure of axonal regrowth and reconnection to target sites. These also tend to be the most challenging issues in spinal cord injury. As spinal cord injury progresses to the chronic phase, lost motor and sensory functions are not recovered. Several reasons may be attributed to the failure of recovery from chronic spinal cord injury. These include factors that inhibit axonal growth such as activated astrocytes, chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan, myelin-associated proteins, inflammatory microglia, and fibroblasts that accumulate at lesion sites. Skeletal muscle atrophy due to denervation is another chronic and detrimental spinal cord injury–specific condition. Although several intervention strategies based on multiple outlooks have been attempted for treating spinal cord injury, few approaches have been successful. To treat chronic spinal cord injury, neural cells or tissue substitutes may need to be supplied in the cavity area to enable possible axonal growth. Additionally, stimulating axonal growth activity by extrinsic factors is extremely important and essential for maintaining the remaining host neurons and transplanted neurons. This review focuses on pharmacotherapeutic approaches using small compounds and proteins to enable axonal growth in chronic spinal cord injury. This review presents some of these candidates that have shown promising outcomes in basic research(in vivo animal studies) and clinical trials: AA-NgR(310)ecto-Fc(AXER-204), fasudil, phosphatase and tensin homolog protein antagonist peptide 4, chondroitinase ABC, intracellular sigma peptide,(-)-epigallocatechin gallate, matrine, acteoside, pyrvate kinase M2, diosgenin, granulocyte-colony stimulating factor, and fampridine-sustained release. Although the current situation suggests that drug-based therapies to recover function in chronic spinal cord injury are limited, potential candidat

关键词： axonal growth chronic phase clinical study pharmacotherapy spinal cord injury

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Experimental Status of the HANBIT Facility

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Plasma science and Technology 2004年第4期6卷 2367-2370页

作者： S.J.Yoo M.Kwon J.G.Bak K.Choh I.S.Choi J.H.Choi J.W.Choi A.C.England J.Hong H.S.Jeon H.G.Jhang J.S.Ju M.Jung J.Y.Kim S.S.Kim W.H.Ko K.Y.Kwak M.C.Kyum B.J.Lee D.K.Lee J.H.Lee H.G.Lee S.G.Lee T.Lho H.K.Na B.H.Park M.K.Park D.C.Seo S.H.Seo J.H.Yeom J.S.Yoon K.I.You korea basic science institute Daejeon305-333Korea Hanbit User Group

HANBIT is a magnetic mirror confinement device. Recent physics experimentshave been mainly focused on identifying discharge characteristics and on getting stable plasmaproduction and operation modes, by using a 500 kW slot antenna system at a fixed RF frequency of 3.5MHz and varying discharge conditions such as fueling rate, RF power, and B-field intensity incentral cell. Two distinct operation modes are found to be very sensitive to the RF power as well asthe ratio of the RF frequency to the ion cyclotron frequency. A MHD interchange mode of m = - 1 isclearly observed and the stabilizing mechanism can be explained by the sideband coupling theory.

关键词： mirror discharge stabilization

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Protective Effect of Brassica napus *** against Inflammation Response in RAW 264.7 Cells

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2021年第4期27卷 273-279页

作者： Su-Hyeon Cho Song Rae Kim Myeong Seon Jeong Miri Choi SeonJu Park Kil-Nam Kim Chuncheon Center Korea Basic Science InstituteChuncheon(24341)Republic of Korea

Objective:To demonstrate the anti-inflammatory activity of Brassica napus ***(BNH)in lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 ***:Composition analysis of BNH was conducted via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry after BNH were *** nitric oxide(NO)production was measured using the Griess *** E2(PGE2)production was evaluated with enzyme-linked immunosorbent *** effects of BNH on LPS-induced pro-inflammatory enzymes including inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS)and cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2)were evaluated using Western blot ***,phosphorylation of nuclear factor-kappa B(N F-k B)and nuclear translocation of N F-k B p65 were evaluated with Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence staining,***:Compared with LPS-stimulated cells,BNH markedly decreased the generation of NO and PGE_(2)in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells(P<0.01 or P<0.05).Moreover,BNH inhibited protein levels of iNOS and COX-2(P<0.01).Phosphorylation of NF-k B and nuclear translocation of NF-k B p65 was significantly inhibited by BNH(P<0.01 or P<0.05).Conclusion:The anti-inflammatory activities of BNH were mediated via blockage of the N F-k B signaling pathways in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells.

关键词： Brassica napus L. inflammation lipopolysaccharide RAW 264.7 cells hydrosols

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Present Status of the KSTAR Superconducting Magnet System Development

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Plasma science and Technology 2004年第5期6卷 2445-2450页

作者： Keeman Kim H.K.Park K.R.Park B.S.Lim S.I.Lee M.K.Kim Y.Chu W.H.Chung S.H.Baek J.Y.Cho H.Yonekawa A.Chertovskikh Y.B.Chang J.S.Kim C.S.Kim D.J.Kim N.H.Song K.P.Kim Y.J.Song I.S.Woo W.S.Han D.K.Lee Y.K.Oh K.W.Cho J.S.Park G.S.Lee H.J.Lee T.K.Ko S.J.Lee National NationalNationalNationalNationalNationalNationalNationalNationalNationalNationalNationalNationalNationalNationalNationalNationalNationalNationalNationalNationalNationalNationalNationalNationalNationalKorea Atomic Energy Research InstituteDaejeonRepublic of KoreaYonsei UniversitySeoulRepublic of KoreaYonsei UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea Fusion R&D CenterKorea Basic Science InstituteDaejeonRepublic of KoreaFusion R&D CenterKorea Basic Science InstituteDaejeonRepublic of KoreaFusion R&D CenterKorea Basic Science InstituteDaejeonRepublic of KoreaFusion R&D CenterKorea Basic Science InstituteDaejeonRepublic of KoreaFusion R&D CenterKorea Basic Science InstituteDaejeonRepublic of KoreaFusion R&D CenterKorea Basic Science InstituteDaejeonRepublic of KoreaFusion R&D CenterKorea Basic Science InstituteDaejeonRepublic of KoreaFusion R&D CenterKorea Basic Science InstituteDaejeonRepublic of KoreaFusion R&D CenterKorea Basic Science InstituteDaejeonRepublic of KoreaFusion R&D CenterKorea Basic Science InstituteDaejeonRepublic of KoreaFusion R&D CenterKorea Basic Science InstituteDaejeonRepublic of KoreaFusion R&D CenterKorea Basic Science InstituteDaejeonRepublic of KoreaFusion R&D CenterKorea Basic Science InstituteDaejeonRepublic of KoreaFusion R&D CenterKorea Basic Science InstituteDaejeonRepublic of KoreaFusion R&D CenterKorea Basic Science InstituteDaejeonRepublic of KoreaFusion R&D CenterKorea Basic Science InstituteDaejeonRepublic of KoreaFusion R&D CenterKorea Basic Science InstituteDaejeonRepublic of KoreaFusion R&D CenterKorea Basic Science InstituteDaejeonRepublic of KoreaFusion R&D CenterKorea Basic Science InstituteDaejeonRepublic of KoreaFusion R&D CenterKorea Basic Science InstituteDaejeonRepublic of KoreaFusion R&D CenterKorea Basic Science InstituteDaejeonRepublic of KoreaFusion R&D CenterKorea Basic Science InstituteDaejeonRepublic of KoreaFusion R&D CenterKorea Basic Science

The mission of korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research (KSTAR)project is to develop an advanced steady-state superconducting tokamak for establishing a scientificand technological basis for an attractive fusion reactor. Because one of the KSTAR mission is toachieve a steady-state operation, the use of superconducting coils is an obvious choice for themagnet system. The KSTAR superconducting magnet system consists of 16 Toroidal Field (TF) coils and14 Poloidal Field (PF) coils. Internally-cooled Cable-In-Conduit Conductors (CICC) are put into usein both the TF and PF coil systems. The TF coil system provides a field of 3.5 T at the plasmacenter and the PF coil system is able to provide a flux swing of 17 V-sec. The major achievement inKSTAR magnet-system development includes the development of CICC, the development of a full-size TFmodel coil, the development of a coil system for background magnetic-field generation , theconstruction of a large-scale superconducting magnet and CICC test facility. TF and PF coils are inthe stage of fabrication to pave the way for the scheduled completion of KSTAR by the end of 2006.

关键词： superconducting magnet KSTAR CICC

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Photoinduced difunctionalization with bifunctional reagents containing N-heteroaryl moieties

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science China Chemistry 2023年第6期66卷 1688-1700页

作者： Wooseok Lee Inyoung Park Sungwoo Hong Department of Chemistry Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology(KAIST)Daejeon 34141Republic of Korea Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations Institute for Basic Science(IBS)Daejeon 34141Republic of Korea

Bifunctional reagents that serve as dual coupling partners with an activating species have emerged as valuable synthetic tools in organic *** allow for the development of diverse reaction modes with enhanced efficiency and structural variability,which is in high demand for atom-economic and sustainable *** them,bifunctional reagents containing Nheteroaryl groups have received much attention due to their ability to introduce privileged N-heteroaryl moieties into complex molecules that are otherwise challenging to ***,these reagents have been employed under visible-light conditions to achieve various synthetic applications,enabling difunctionalization of alkenes,alkynes,and[1.1.1]propellanes under mild reaction conditions,providing access to highly functionalized *** this review,we provide an overview of the recent achievements and applications of photoinduced difunctionalization using bifunctional reagents containing N-heteroaryl *** systematically categorize the representative contributions in the field based on bifunctional reagents and their reactivity *** review aims to highlight the potential of these reagents as powerful synthetic tools for sustainable and diverse synthesis.

关键词： bifunctional reagents N-heteroarylation photoreaction difunctionalization radical reaction

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A new hadron spectroscopy

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Frontiers of physics 2015年第2期10卷 1-34页

作者： Stephen Lars Olsen Center for Underground Physics Institute of Basic Science Daejeon 305-811 Korea

QCD-motivated models for hadrons predict an assortment of ＂exotic＂ hadrons that have structures that are more complex than the quark-antiquark mesons and three-quark baryons of the original quark-parton model. These include pentaquark baryons： the six-quark H-dibaryon~ and tetraquark, hybrid and glueball mesons. Despite extensive experimental searches, no unambiguous candidates for any of these exotic configurations have been identified. On the other hand, a number of meson states, one that seems to be a proton-antiproton bound state, and others that contain either charmed- anticharmed quark pairs or bottom-antibottom quark pairs, have been recently discovered that neither fit into the quark-antiquark meson picture nor match the expected properties of the QCD- inspired exotics. Here I briefly review results from a recent search for the H-dibaryon, and discuss some properties of the newly discovered states -the proton-antiproton state and the so-called XYZ mesons- and compare them with expectations for conventional quark-antiquark mesons and the predicted QCD-exotic states.

关键词： quarks charmonium pentaquarks di-baryons baryonium tetraquarks

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High mobility group box 1 in the central nervous system:regeneration hidden beneath inflammation

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第1期20卷 107-115页

作者： Hanki Kim Bum Jun Kim Seungyon Koh Hyo Jin Cho Xuelian Jin Byung Gon Kim Jun Young Choi Department of Brain science Ajou University School of MedicineSuwonSouth Korea Department of Biomedical sciences Ajou University Graduate School of MedicineSuwonSouth Korea Department of Neurology Ajou University School of MedicineSuwonSouth Korea Department of Geriatrics The Affiliated Suqian First People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversitySuqianJiangsu ProvinceChina

High-mobility group box 1 was first discovered in the calf thymus as a DNA-binding nuclear protein and has been widely studied in diverse fields,including neurology and ***-mobility group box 1 in the extracellular space functions as a pro-inflammatory damage-associated molecular pattern,which has been proven to play an important role in a wide variety of central nervous system disorders such as ischemic stroke,Alzheimer’s disease,frontotemporal dementia,Parkinson’s disease,multiple sclerosis,epilepsy,and traumatic brain *** drugs that inhibit high-mobility group box 1 as a damage-associated molecular pattern,such as glycyrrhizin,ethyl pyruvate,and neutralizing anti-high-mobility group box 1 antibodies,are commonly used to target high-mobility group box 1 activity in central nervous system *** it is commonly known for its detrimental inflammatory effect,high-mobility group box 1 has also been shown to have beneficial pro-regenerative roles in central nervous system *** this narrative review,we provide a brief summary of the history of high-mobility group box 1 research and its characterization as a damage-associated molecular pattern,its downstream receptors,and intracellular signaling pathways,how high-mobility group box 1 exerts the repair-favoring roles in general and in the central nervous system,and clues on how to differentiate the pro-regenerative from the pro-inflammatory *** targeting high-mobility group box 1 in the central nervous system may benefit from differentiating between the two functions rather than overall suppression of high-mobility group box 1.

关键词： central nervous system damage-associated molecular pattern ethyl pyruvate glycyrhizzin high mobility group box 1 inflammation neural stem cells neurodevelopment oligodendrocyte progenitor cells redox status regeneration

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Strong interlayer coupling and stable topological flat bands in twisted bilayer photonic Moiré superlattices

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Light(science & Applications) 2022年第10期11卷 2523-2529页

作者： Chang-Hwan Yi Hee Chul Park Moon Jip Park Center for Theoretical Physics of Complex Systems Institute for Basic Science(IBS)Daejeon 34126Republic of Korea

The moiré superlattice of misaligned atomic bilayers paves the way for designing a new class of materials with wide *** this work,we propose a photonic analog of the moiré superlattice based on dielectric resonator *** sharp contrast to van der Waals materials with weak interlayer coupling,we realize the strong coupling regime in a moiré superlattice,characterized by cascades of robust flat bands at large ***,we find that these flat bands are characterized by a non-trivial band topology,the origin of which is the moiré pattern of the resonator *** physical manifestation of the flat band topology is a robust one-dimensional conducting channel on edge,protected by the reflection symmetry of the moiré *** explicitly breaking the underlying reflection symmetry on the boundary terminations,we show that the first-order topological edge modes naturally deform into higher-order topological corner *** work pioneers the physics of topological phases in the designable platform of photonic moiré superlattices beyond the weakly coupled regime.

关键词： topological bands coupling

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Hot electron generation on metal catalysts under surface reaction:Principles, devices, and application

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2018年第6期29卷 727-733页

作者： Ievgen I.Nedrygailov Hyosun Lee Si Woo Lee Jeong Young Park Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions Institute for Basic Science Graduate School of EEWS Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology(KAIST)

Understanding the fundamental mechanisms for charge transfer in supported catalysts is of great importance for heterogeneous catalysis. Several experimental and theoretical results suggest that charge flow through metal-support interfaces leads to the catalytic enhancement that is often observed in mixed catalysts. Therefore, it is crucial to directly probe this charge flow in metal-support catalysts during catalytic reactions. In this review, we consider the main aspects of research studying the processes that create and allow interfacial transfer of highly excited（hot） charge carriers in supported catalysts, and discuss the effect of this charge transfer on catalytic activity. We show a close connection between the phenomena of hot electron creation and chemical energy dissipation that accompanies catalytic reactions at both the gas/solid and liquid/solid interfaces. The intensity of hot electron flow is well correlated with the turnover rates of corresponding reactions, which opens up the possibility for developing new operando methodologies for studying chemical processes on catalytic surfaces.

关键词： Hot electron Energy dissipation Heterogeneous catalysis Metal-support interactions Nanodiode

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Structural basis of DNA binding by the NAC transcription factor ORE1,a master regulator of plant senescence

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Plant Communications 2023年第3期4卷 139-150页

作者： Inseop Chun Hyo Jung Kim Sunghyun Hong Yeon-Gil Kim Min-Sung Kim Department of Life sciences Pohang University of Science and Technology(POSTECH)PohangGyeongbukRepublic of Korea Center for Plant Aging Research Institute for Basic ScienceDaeguRepublic of Korea Center for Genome Engineering Institute for Basic ScienceDaejeonRepublic of Korea Pohang Accelerator Laboratory Pohang University of Science and TechnologyPohangRepublic of Korea

Plants use sophisticated mechanisms of gene expression to control senescence in response to environmental stress or ***1(Arabidopsis thaliana NAC092)is a master regulator of senescence that belongs to the plant-specific NAC transcription factor protein ***1 has been reported to bind to multiple DNA targets to orchestrate leaf senescence,yet the mechanistic basis for recognition of the cognate gene sequence remains ***,we report the crystal structure of the ORE1-NAC domain alone and its DNA-binding *** structure of DNA-bound ORE1-NAC revealed the molecular basis for nucleobase recognition and phosphate backbone *** showthat local versatility in the DNA-binding site,in combination with domain flexibility of the ORE-NAC homodimer,is crucial for the maintenance of binding to intrinsically flexible *** results provide a platformfor understanding other plant-specific NAC protein-DNA interactions as well as insight into the structural basis of NAC regulators in plants of agronomic and scientific importance.

关键词： NAC transcription factor crystal structure DNA complex senescence regulator

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