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The Role of Occipitotemporal Network for Speed-Reading:An fMRI Study

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2024年第9期40卷 1261-1273页

作者： Dexin Sun Zhilin Zhang Naoya Oishi Qi Dai Dinh Ha Duy Thuy Nobuhito Abe Jun Tachibana Shintaro Funahashi Jinglong Wu Toshiya Murai Hidenao Fukuyama research center for Medical Artificial Intelligence Shenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen518055China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China Department of Psychiatry Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyoto606-8501Japan Medial Innovation center Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyoto606-8501Japan Human Brain research center Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyoto606-8501Japan kokoro research center Kyoto UniversityKyoto606-8501Japan Speed Reading Academy Kyoto600-8439Japan

The activity of occipitotemporal regions involved in linguistic reading processes,such as the ventral occipitotemporal cortex(vOT),is believed to exhibit strong interactions during higher-order language processing,specifically in the connectivity between the occipital gyrus and the temporal *** this study,we utilized functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI)with psychophysiological interaction(PPI)and dynamic causal modeling(DCM)to investigate the functional and effective connectivity in the occipitotemporal network during speed *** conducted the experiment with native Japanese speakers who underwent and without speed-reading training and subsequently performed established reading tasks at different speeds(slow,medium,and fast)while undergoing 3-Tesla Siemens *** activation analyses revealed significant changes in occipital and temporal regions as reading speed increased,indicating functional connectivity within the occipitotemporal *** results further demonstrated more intricate effective connections and high involvement within the occipitotemporal pathway:(1)reading signals originated from the inferior occipital gyrus(iO),distributed to the vOT and the posterior superior temporal sulcus(pSTS),and then gathered in the anterior superior temporal sulcus(aSTS);(2)reading speed loads had modulation effects on the pathways from the aSTS to vOT and from the iO to *** findings highlight the complex connectivity and dynamic interactions within the occipitotemporal network during speed-reading processes.

关键词： Speed reading fMRI The occipitotemporal network Functional connectivity Effective connectivity

Effects of Depth of Needle Insertion with Risperidone Long-Acting Injectable in Persons with Schizophrenia: A Randomized Double-Blind Study

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Open Journal of Psychiatry 2017年第4期7卷 374-385页

作者： Yueren Zhao Tetsuya Tanioka Yuko Yasuhara Kensaku Takase Soji Tsuboi Kiyoshi Fujita Rozzano C. Locsin Nakao Iwata Department of Neuropsychiatry Fujita Health University School of Medicine Aichi Japan Department of Nursing Institute of Biomedical Sciences Tokushima University Graduate School Tokushima Japan Department of Rehabilitation Tokushima Prefectural Central Hospital Tokushima Japan Okehazama Hospital Fujita kokoro Care center Aichi Japan

In some cases, if the insertion depth is shallower than expected, intramuscular (IM) injection of risperidone long-acting injectable (RLAI) may not penetrate the muscle fascia. However, if needle insertion depth is deeper than anticipated, needle penetration may cause damage to nerves, arteries and veins. Few clinical studies were done to evaluate the depth of needle length insertion reaching the intended gluteal muscle. The aim of this study was to evaluate the suitable depth of injecting RLAI. Twenty-six patients with schizophrenia were treated with RLAI, and randomly divided into two groups: 50 mm needle inserted group (Group-D, deep insertion, n = 13) and 20 mm needle insertion group (Group-S, shallow insertion, n = 13). For Group-S, the needle length was marked with a spacer at exactly 20 mm. Injections were performed by the psychiatrist or nurse, alternating between the two gluteal sites by double-cross method every two weeks. Clinical psychotic symptoms and injection site reactions were recorded throughout the study period. Experienced psychologists who were blinded from the needle-length experimental variable evaluated patients’ psychotic symptoms using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) every two weeks. The plasma 9-hydroxyrisperidone (9-OH-RIS) concentrations were measured every two weeks;comparison data were determined on the 8th week and the 14th week. No significant difference was observed in 9-OH-RIS concentrations, psychotic symptoms, injection site skin reactions of subjects in both groups. However, in Group-D, injection site adverse reactions were confirmed in two subjects (15%). In Group-S, injection site reactions were confirmed in six subjects (46%). Although effective 9-OH-RIS concentrations were obtained with the insertion using both depth, it was concluded that the 50 mm insertion length was more suitable for dorsogluteal IM injections in adult patients with schizophrenia as demonstrated by the incidence of local adverse skin rea

关键词： Inserted Depth of Injection Needle Long-Acting Injectable Persons with Schizophrenia Randomized Double-Blind Study 9-Hydroxyrisperidone Pharmacokinetics

Factor Structure and Measurement Invariance of the Japanese Version of the Mother-to-Infant Bonding Scale

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Advances in Reproductive Sciences 2023年第4期11卷 159-170页

作者： Mami Yamamoto Fumie Takauma Katsuhiko Tada Kaori Baba Toshinori Kitamura Graduate School of Nursing Science St. Luke’s International University Tokyo Japan Toubi Branch Bizen Public Health Center Okayama Japan Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology National Hospital Organization Okayama Medical Centre Okayama Japan Unit for Mental Health Promotion Research Center for Social Science & Medicine Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science Tokyo Japan Kitamura Institute of Mental Health Tokyo Tokyo Japan Kitamura kokoro Clinic Mental Health Tokyo Japan T. and F. Kitamura Foundation for Studies and Skill Advancement in Mental Health Tokyo Japan Department of Psychiatry Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya University Nagoya Japan

Background: Bonding disorders affect the growth and development of infants. In Japan, the Japanese version of the Mother-to-Infant Bonding Scale (MIBS-J) is widely used for early detection of bonding disorders. Repeated use of a questionnaire has problems of reduced validity. In order to correctly detect bonding disorders at multiple time points, it is necessary to confirm the measurement invariance of the scale. Baba et al. reported that invariance of the MIBS-J factor structure could only be obtained by abridging the scale into three items. Purpose: The aim of this study was to 1) confirm the factor structure and measurement invariance of the MIBS-J between two measurement times and 2) to examine factors that can be used without being affected by measurement time in order to identify item that contribute to measure met invariance. Methods: We analysed the data of 1049 and 878 mothers with a neonate collected in two waves: 5 days (Wave 1) and 1 month postpartum (Wave 2). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted on the data randomly divided into two groups in each wave. Results: The three-item model (MIBS-J items 1, 6, and 8) was most accepted. Measurement invariance and structural invariance were confirmed in the model. This was consistent with Baba et al.’s model. Conclusion: The three MIBS-J items showed measurement invariance and structural invariance in Japanese mothers during 1 month postpartum.

关键词： Bonding Disorders Mother-to-Infant Bonding Scale Factor Analysis Measurement Invariance

New insight in expression, transport, and secretion of brain-derived neurotrophic factor: Implications in brainrelated diseases

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World Journal of Biological Chemistry 2014年第4期5卷 409-428页

作者： Naoki Adachi Tadahiro Numakawa Misty Richards Shingo Nakajima Hiroshi Kunugi Department of Mental Disorder research National Institute of Neuroscience National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Tokyo 187-8502 Japan Core research for Evolutional Science and Technology Program Japan Science and Technology Agency Saitama 332-0012 Japan Albany Medical College Albany NY 12208 United States

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) attracts increasing attention from both research and clinical fields because of its important functions in the central nervous system. An adequate amount of BDNF is critical to develop and maintain normal neuronal circuits in the brain. Given that loss of BDNF function has beenreported in the brains of patients with neurodegenerative or psychiatric diseases, understanding basic properties of BDNF and associated intracellular processes is imperative. In this review, we revisit the gene structure, transcription, translation, transport and secretion mechanisms of BDNF. We also introduce implications of BDNF in several brain-related diseases including Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, depression and schizophrenia.

关键词： Brain-derived neurotrophic factor Transcription Transport Secretion Neurodegenerative disorders Psychiatric disorders

Prevalence and trends of polypharmacy in ***,1999-2018

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Global Health research and Policy 2023年第1期8卷 284-292页

作者： Xiaowen Wang Keyang Liu kokoro Shirai Chengyao Tang Yonghua Hu Ying Wang Yuantao Hao Jia-Yi Dong center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness and Response Peking UniversityBeijing 100191China Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases(Peking University) Ministry of EducationBeijingChina Public Health Department of Social MedicineOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineOsaka 5650871Japan Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public HealthPeking University Health Science CenterBeijing 100191China Medical Informatics center Peking University Health Science CenterBeijing 100191China Department of Medical Statistics School of Public HealthSun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou 510080China

Background Polypharmacy is one of the most important health issues for its potential impacts on disease burden and healthcare *** aim of this study was to update a comprehensive picture of prevalence and trends in polypharmacy over 20 years in *** Participants included 55,081 adults aged≥20 from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey,January 1,1999,through December 31,*** simultaneously use of≥5 drugs in one individual was defined as *** prevalence and trends in polypharmacy were evaluated among *** within different demo-socioeconomic status and pre-existing *** From 1999-2000 to 2017-2018,the overall percentages of adults with polypharmacy remained on the rise,increasing from 8.2%(7.2-9.2%)to 17.1%(15.7-18.5%)(average annual percentage change[AAPC]=2.9%,P=.001).The polypharmacy prevalence was considerably higher in the elderly(from 23.5%to 44.1%),in adults with heart disease(from 40.6%to 61.7%),and in adults with diabetes(from 36.3%to 57.7%).Also,we observed a greater increase rate of polypharmacy in men(AAPC=4.1%,P<.001),in the Mexican American(AAPC=6.3%,P<.001),and in the non-Hispanic Black(AAPC=4.4%,P<.001).Conclusions From 1999-2000 to 2017-2018,the prevalence of polypharmacy is continually increasing in *** polypharmacy was especially higher in the older,in patients with heart disease,or *** high prevalence urges the healthcare providers and health policymakers to manage polypharmacy among specific population groups.

关键词： Polypharmacy National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey NHANES Trends Prevalence Medication

Partnering with Batswana Youth and Families for HIV and AIDS Prevention

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World Journal of AIDS 2013年第2期3卷 168-177页

作者： Esther Seloilwe Mabel Magowe Kefalotse Dithole Billy Kgosikwena Elijah kokoro Dipuo Lesaane Janet S. St. Lawrence Centre for HIV/AIDS research University of Botswana Gaborone Botswana Mississippi State University Starkville USA

Introduction: This qualitative study triangulated data from adolescents, parents, and key informants in Gaborone, Botswana on adolescents’ risks for HIV infection, STIs and pregnancy, the types of relationships they get into, and preventive measures they use to protect themselves against HIV infection. The goal of this qualitative research is to inform adaptation of an intervention originally developed, implemented, and evaluated in the US that was effective in reducing the risk of HIV infection and early pregnancy by delaying initiation of sexual relationships of abstinent adolescents and lowering sexual risk behaviours of adolescents who were already sexually active. The objectives of this study were to conduct in-depth interviews with youth, key informants and parents;determine the behavioural risks that young people face;Assess youth and parents’ attitudes toward providing a risk reduction programme for adolescents and Use the data to adapt an evidence-based programme for Botswana. Methodology: In-depth qualitative interviews with 40 youth, 20 key informants and 40 parents elicited information on the risks and relationships that youth engaged in and their suggestions how their risky behaviours could be minimized or counteracted. Findings: Youth of both sexes engage in risky sexual behaviours that could predispose them to contracting HIV and STI infections or unplanned pregnancies. Risks were associated with use of alcohol and drugs: commonly marijuana, and engaging in unsafe sexual relations. Youth, key informants and parents showed a high level of acceptability for offering a primary prevention intervention program for adolescents. In addition, all groups of participants concurred on the importance of offering a separate program for parents to equip them with skills that can enable to them to guide their adolescents to safely transit into adulthood through education and family communication skills. Other risks confronting adolescents included sexual initiations

关键词： Sexual Risks HIV and AIDS Prevention Program Families Adolescents