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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2014年第2期26卷 343-352页

作者： Kohei Sakata Aya Sakaguchi Masaharu Tanimizu Yuichi Takaku Yuka Yokoyama Yoshio Takahashi Department of Earth and Planetary Systems Science Hiroshima University kochi Institute for core sample research Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology Institute for Environmental Sciences

Sources of Pb pollution in the local atmosphere together with Pb species, major ions, and heavy metal concentrations in a size-fractionated aerosol sample from Higashi-Hiroshima （Japan） have been determined by X-ray absorption near-edge structure （XANES） spectroscopy, ion chromatography, and ICP-MS/AES, respectively. About 80% of total Pb was concentrated in fine aerosol particles. Lead species in the coarse aerosol particles were PbC204, 2PbCO3-Pb（OH）2, and Pb（NO3）2, whereas Pb species in the fine aerosol particles were PbC204, PbSO4, and Pb（NO3）2. Chemical speciation and abundance data suggested that the source of Pb in the fine aerosol particles was different from that of the coarse ones. The dominant sources of Pb in the fine aerosol particles were judged to be fly ash from a municipal solid waste incinerator and heavy oil combustion. For the coarse aerosol particles, road dust was considered to be the main Pb source. In addition to Pb species, elemental concentrations in the aerosols were also determined. The results suggested that Pb species in size-fractionated aerosols can be used to identify the origin of aerosol particles in the atmosphere as an alternative to Pb isotope ratio measurement.

关键词： lead lead speciation XAFS spectroscopy size-fractionated aerosol sample

Geochemistry of Pore Water and Associated Diagenetic Reactions in the Diapiric Area of Yinggehai Basin, Northwestern South China Sea

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Journal of Earth Science 2015年第3期26卷 306-316页

作者： Tao Jiang Xinong Xie Hui Chen Zhenfeng Wang Xushen Li Key Laboratory of Tectonics and Petroleum Resources of Ministry of Education China University of Geosciences kochi Institute for core sample research Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology China National Offshore Oil Zhanjiang Ltd. Corporation

This study examined the geochemical features of pore water in the diapiric area of the Yinggehai Basin, northwestern South China Sea, and illuminated the origin and evolution of basin fluids. Pore water with low salinity occurs in marine sediments in the diapiric area even without meteoric water infiltration. The presence of low-salinity water within deep, overpressured compartments is assumed to be due to smectite-illite transformation. Howerver, in shallow portions（less than 2 000 m） of diapiric areas with normal pressure, pore water has a much wider variation and much lower salinity than that in the overpressured intervals. Its total dissolved solid（TDS） content is ~5 336 to 35 939 mg/L. Moreover, smectite and chlorite content sharply decreases as kaolinite and illite content increase in shallower intervals. The geochemical variation of pore water in diapiric structures indicates the expulsion of low-salinity, overpressured fluids along vertical faults. Strong injection of hot fluids from deep overpressured sediments results in rapid clay mineral transformation in shallow reservoirs. Consequently, fluid mixing due to fluid expulsion from deeper overpressured deposits leads to variation in salinity and ionic composition as well as some diagenetic reactions. This includes transformation of clay minerals caused by the higher temperatur of deeper hot fluids, e.g., the transfromation of smectite to illite and chlorite to kaolinite. Therefore, variations in salinity and ionic compositions in various pressured systems provide a clue to flow pathways and associated diagenetic reactions.

关键词： pore water diagenetic reaction clay mineral transformation overpressured system Yinggehai Basin

Evolution of deepwater sedimentary environments and its implication for hydrocarbon exploration in Qiongdongnan Basin, northwestern South China Sea

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2015年第4期34卷 1-10页

作者： WANG Zhenfeng JIANG Tao ZHANG Daojun WANG Yahui ZUO Qianmei HE Weijun Zhanjiang Branch of China National Offshore Oil Corporation (CNOOC) Limited Key Laboratory of Tectonics and Petroleum Resources of Ministry of Education China University of Geosciences kochi Institute for core sample research Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology

Over the past several years, a number of hydrocarbon reservoirs have been discovered in the deepwater area of Qiongdongnan Basin, northwestern South China Sea. These oil/gas fields demonstrate that the evolution of the deepwater sedimentary environment are controlling the formation and distribution of large-scale clastic reservoirs. Integration between seismic and borehole data were necessary to best clarify the distribution and quality of these deepwater reservoirs. Geochemical and paleobiological evidence from discrete samples was also applied to document specific information regarding the sedimentary environment. Results show that the Qiongdongnan Basin has existed as a thriving marine environment since Oligocene, when several rifting depressions developed throughout the entire Qiongdongnan Basin. Triggered by the faults activities, several distinct provenances supplied the coarse sediments, transporting and depositing them in deep parts of the rifting depressions. A fan delta system then formed nearby the source in the deeper area of these rifting depressions. The sedimentary environment of Qiongdongnan gradiationally became deepwater since early Miocene. Consequently, abundances of sediments were transported from Hainan Island and Southern Uplift, and then sunk into the basin center. The submarine fans revealed by many boreholes in this area verified them as good reservoir. Because the area reached its lowest sea level at late Miocene and the Southern Uplift subsidenced under sea level, not providing any sediment, so that the carbonate mesa and biorhythms characteristic of this area also developed during this period. In the west part of Qiongdongnan Basin, sediments transported from Vietnam increased in response to the Tibetan Uplift. Consequently, a central canyon developed along the center of Qiongdongnan Basin, which has been confirmed by several boreholes as a favorable hydrocarbon reservoir. The clarification of the deepwater sedimentary environment’s evol

关键词： deepwater environment Qiongdongnan Basin hydrocarbon exploration central canyon submarine fan

CFD simulation on the generation of turbidites in deepwater areas: a case study of turbidity current processes in Qiongdongnan Basin, northern South China Sea

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2014年第12期33卷 127-137页

作者： JIANG Tao ZHANG Yingzhao TANG Sulin ZHANG Daojun ZUO Qianmei LIN Weiren WANG Yahui SUN Hui WANG Bo Key Laboratory of Tectonics and Petroleum Resources of Ministry of Education China University of Geosciences kochi Institute for core sample research Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology Zhanjiang Branch of China National Offshore Oil Corporation (CNOOC) Limited

Turbidity currents represent a major agent for sediment transport in lakes, seas and oceans. In particu-lar, they formulate the most significant clastic accumulations in the deep sea, which become many of the world＇s most important hydrocarbon reservoirs. Several boreholes in the Qiongdongnan Basin, the north-western South China Sea, have recently revealed turbidity current deposits as significant hydrocarbon res-ervoirs. However, there are some arguments for the potential provenances. To solve this problem, it is es-sential to delineate their sedimentary processes as well as to evaluate their qualities as reservoir. Numerical simulations have been developed rapidly over the last several years, offering insights into turbidity current behaviors, as geologically significant turbidity currents are difficult to directly investigate due to their large scale and often destructive nature. Combined with the interpretation of the turbidity system based on high-resolution 3D seismic data, the paleotophography is acquired via a back-stripping seismic profile integrated with a borehole, i.e., Well A, in the western Qiongdongnan Basin; then a numerical model is built on the basis of this back-stripped profile. After defining the various turbidity current initial boundary conditions, includ-ing grain size, velocity and sediment concentration, the structures and behaviors of turbidity currents are investigated via numerical simulation software ANSYS FLUENT. Finally, the simulated turbidity deposits are compared with the interpreted sedimentary bodies based on 3D seismic data and the potential provenances of the revealed turbidites by Well A are discussed in details. The simulation results indicate that a sedimen-tary body develops far away from its source with an average grain size of 0.1 mm, i.e., sand-size sediment. Taking into account the location and orientation of the simulated seismic line, the consistence between normal forward simulation results and the revealed cores in

关键词： turbidity current CFD simulation 3D seismic interpretation sedimentary process

Deep carbon recycling viewed from global plate tectonics

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National Science Review 2024年第6期11卷 37-55页

作者： Maoliang Zhang Sheng Xu Yuji Sano School of Earth System Science Tianjin University Marine core research Institute Kochi University Atmosphere and Ocean research Institute The University of Tokyo

Plate tectonics plays an essential role in the redistribution of life-essential volatile elements between Earth's interior and surface, whereby our planet has been well tuned to maintain enduring habitability over much of its history. Here we present an overview of deep carbon recycling in the regime of modern plate tectonics,with a special focus on convergent plate margins for assessing global carbon mass balance. The up-to-date flux compilation implies an approximate balance between deep carbon outflux and subduction carbon influx within uncertainty but remarkably limited return of carbon to convecting mantle. If correct, carbon would gradually accumulate in the lithosphere over time by（i） massive subsurface carbon storage occurring primarily in continental lithosphere from convergent margins to continental interior and（ii） persistent surface carbon sinks to seafloors sustained by high-flux deep CO2emissions to the atmosphere. Further assessment of global carbon mass balance requires updates on fluxes of subduction-driven carbon recycling paths and reduction in uncertainty of deep carbon outflux. From a global plate tectonics point of view, we particularly emphasize that continental reworking is an important mechanism for remobilizing geologically sequestered carbon in continental crust and sub-continental lithospheric mantle. In light of recent advances,future research is suggested to focus on a better understanding of the reservoirs, fluxes, mechanisms, and climatic effects of deep carbon recycling following an integrated methodology of observation, experiment,and numerical modeling, with the aim of decoding the self-regulating Earth system and its habitability from the deep carbon recycling perspective.

关键词： deep carbon recycling convergent plate margins subduction continental reworking global carbon mass balance

A movable beast: glaciation in the Ediacaran

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National Science Review 2023年第8期10卷 119-120页

作者： Joseph L. Kirschvink The Marine core research Institute Kochi University Division of Geological&Planetary Sciences California Institute of Technology

Ediacaran time(635–543 million years ago [Ma]) represents the dawn of macroscopic life following two Neoproterozoic Snowball Earth episodes [1], where a runaway ice-albedo effect caused the entire planet to become en...

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High-velocity frictional behavior of Longmenshan fault gouge from Hongkou outcrop and its implications for dynamic weakening of fault during the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake

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Earthquake Science 2011年第3期24卷 267-281页

作者： Tetsuhiro Togo Toshihiko Shimamoto Shengli Ma Takehiro Hirose Department of Earth and Planetary Systems Science Graduate School of Science Hiroshima University Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526 Japan State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics Institute of Geology China Earthquake Administration Beijing 100029 China kochi Institute for core sample research Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology ( JAMSTEC) 200 Monobe-otsu Kochi 783-8502 Japan

High-velocity friction experiments were conducted on clayey fault gouge collected from Hongkou outcrop of Beichuan fault, located at the southwestern part of Longmenshan fault system that caused the disastrous 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. The ultimate purpose of this study is to reproduce this earthquake by modeling based on measured frictional properties. Dry gouge of about 1 mm in thickness was deformed dry at slip rates of 0.01 to 1.3 m/s and at normal stresses of 0.61 to 3.04 MPa, using a rotary-shear high-velocity frictional testing machine. The gouge displays slip weakening behavior as initial peak friction decays towards steady-state values after a given displacement. Both peak friction and steady-state friction remain high at slow slip rates are exam- ined and gouge only exhibits dramatic weakening at high slip rates, with steady-state friction coefficient values of about 0.1 to 0.2. Specific fracture energy ranges from 1 to 4 MN/m in our results and this is of the same order as seismically determined values. Low friction coefficients measured on experimental faults are in broad agree- ment with lack of thermal anomaly observed from temperature measurements in WFSD-1 drill hole （Wenchuan Earthquake Fault Scientific Drilling Project）, which can be explained by even smaller friction coefficient for the Wenchuan earthquake fault. High-velocity friction experiments with pore water needs to be done to see if even smaller friction is attained or not. Shiny slickenside surfaces form at high slip rates, but not at slow slip rates. Slip zone with slickenside surface changes its color to dark brown and forms duplex-like microstructures, which are similar to those microstructures found in the fault gouges from the Hongkou outcrop. Detailed comparisons between experimentally deformed gouge samples and WFSD drill cores in the future will reveal how much we could reproduce the dynamic weakening processes in operation in fault zones during Wenchuan earthquake at present.

关键词： Wenchuan earthquake high-velocity friction fault mechanics Longmenshan fault system Beichuan fault

Three-dimensional in situ stress determination by anelastic strain recovery and its application at the Wenchuan Earthquake Fault Scientific Drilling Hole-1(WFSD-1)

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Science China Earth Sciences 2014年第3期57卷 1212-1220页

作者： SUN DongSheng LIN WeiRen CUI JunWen WANG HongCai CHEN QunCe MA YinSheng WANG LianJie Institute of Geomechanics Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Key Laboratory of Neotectonic Movement and Geohazard Ministry of Land and Resources kochi Institute for core sample research Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) State Key Laboratory for Continental Tectonics and Dynamics Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences

In situ stress state becomes more and more significant with in-depth research on geodynamics and energy ***,there has not been an economic and effective method developed to determine deep three-dimensional in situ *** Anelastic Strain Recovery(ASR)method is a newly developed technique that can determine three-dimensional in situ *** the 12 May 2008 Ms8.0 Wenchuan earthquake,the ASR method was used for the first time in China's Mainland to measure the in situ stresses in the WFSD scientific boreholes in Sichuan Province,*** this paper,the basic procedure of the ASR method is introduced in detail and the compliances of ASR for boring cores are *** results show that the maximum principal stress direction was NW64°at a measured depth(MD)of 1173 m(vertical depth 1151 m)in *** ratio of shear mode to the volume mode compliance of ASR was *** the three principal stresses at 1173 m MD in WFSD-1are 43,28 and 25 *** with stress measurement results determined using other in situ measurement methods along the Longmenshan fault zone,the directions of the maximum horizontal principal stress changes from E-W to NEE-SWW to NWW-SEE when moving from NE to SW along the Longmenshan fault *** change is in agreement with the stress regime of the Longmenshan fault zone of the Wenchuan Earthquake,which supports a stress regime consisting predominantly of thrusts in the southwest and strike-slip in the northeast.

关键词： Wenchuan earthquake anelastic strain recovery compliance of anelastic strain recovery three-dimensional in situ stress scientific borehole

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Porosity and permeability evolution and evaluation in anisotropic porosity multiscale-multiphase-multicomponent structure

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2012年第4期57卷 320-327页

作者： ZHU BoJing CHENG HuiHong QIAO YanChao LIU Chang SHI YaoLin ZHANG Kai SUN DongSheng LIN WeiRen Key Laboratory of Computational Geodynamics Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Science Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Laboratoire De Geologie Ecole Normale Sup6rieure 24 Rue Lhomond 75231 Paris CEDEX 5 France Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Geological Mechanics Institute Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing 100081 China kochi Institute for core sample research Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology Kochi 783-8502 Japan

Based on the hybrid hypersingular integral equation-lattice Boltzmann methods (HHIE-LBM), the porosity and permeability evolution and evaluation process in anisotropic saturated porosity multiscale-multiphase-multicomponent (ASP-MS-MP-MC) structures under ultra high temperature and pressure conditions was analyzed on parallel CPU and GPU platforms. First, virtual physical models at multi-spatial scales (2 μm, 5 μm and 10 μm) were restructured by computerized microtomography technology and data. Second, using HHIE-LBM methods, the anisotropic porosity and permeability tensor at core level and pore level under ultra high temperature and pressure conditions were calculated. Third, the evolution and evaluation process of the porosity and permeability as a function of multi temporal spatial scales was investigated. Finally, the relationship between porosity and permeability and ASP-MS-MP-MC structures (micro-meso-macro-scale) was explored.

关键词：渗透率各向异性多相多组分评价过程组分结构结构演变孔隙度多尺度格子Boltzmann方法

沁水盆地煤层气井排采水地球化学特征及来源示踪

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天然气地球科学 2024年第11期35卷 1935-1949页

作者：方鲁加陈碧莹能惠 Yuji Sano 徐胜天津大学地球系统科学学院天津300072 Marine core research Institute Kochi UniversityKochi 783-8502Japan

次生生物气与地下水之间存在一定的关系,特别是在煤层气等天然气储层中,了解地下水与次生生物成因甲烷之间的关系对于天然气勘探和开发具有重要意义。基于中国沁水盆地6个区块的57个煤层气井排采水和3个河水样品的化学组成、氢氧同位素... 详细信息

次生生物气与地下水之间存在一定的关系,特别是在煤层气等天然气储层中,了解地下水与次生生物成因甲烷之间的关系对于天然气勘探和开发具有重要意义。基于中国沁水盆地6个区块的57个煤层气井排采水和3个河水样品的化学组成、氢氧同位素组成(δ^(18)O_(H_(2)O))和δD_(H_(2)O)以及溶解无机碳(DIC)碳同位素组成(δ^(13)C_(DIC)和Δ^(14)C_(DIC)),深入剖析地下水与次生生物成因甲烷之间的复杂关系。结果表明:氢氧同位素分布在大气降水线附近,煤层气井排采水主要来源于大气降雨,硫酸盐微生物还原作用是郑庄和阳泉区块氘同位素富集的主要原因。研究区煤层气井排采水化学组成以Na⁃HCO_(3)型为主,其变化受到水—岩相互作用、阳离子交换等过程的控制。沁水盆地6个研究区块煤层气井排采水的稳定碳同位素呈现高δ^(13)C_(DIC)值(-4.19‰~34.80‰,平均为16.51‰)且与溶解无机碳含量呈明显正相关关系可能是微生物产甲烷作用的结果。煤层气井排采水中δ^(13)C_(DIC)与SO_(4)^(2-)的负相关性以及δ正漂移等指标也指向沁水盆地不同成熟度煤岩中次生生物成因甲烷的广泛存在。δ^(13)C_(DIC)与镜质体反射率(R_(Omax))的负相关性进一步表明沁水盆地不同成熟度煤层中广泛存在次生生物成因甲烷,且在浅埋藏和成熟度较低的煤层中最为显著。地球化学与微生物学的结合将会进一步阐明次生生物甲烷的形成途径和机制。

关键词：煤层气井排采水水化学特征碳同位素次生生物甲烷沁水盆地