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Journal of Earth Science 2025年第1期36卷 146-160页

作者： Xinglong Gong Shuping Du Fengyu Li Yibo Ding Schoolof Water Conservancy&Civil Engineering Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin 150030China Yellow River Engineering consulting Co. Ltd.Zhengzhou 450003China

Previous works were mainly concentrated on long-term average runoff alterations,and extreme temperatures and watershed conditions are little *** this study,we collected gauged river flow and meteorological data time series from 1916 to 2015 and 1941 to 2015 across the contiguous United States(CONUS)for 188 catchments to investigate the temporal trends and spatial features of runoff changes at multi-time *** also analyzed the relationships between runoff changes and climatic *** descriptive statistics and Budyko coupled climate elasticity methods were used to calculate runoff elasticity in each time *** original Mann-Kendall trend test was used to test their trend significance in four time-scale(11,20,40,and 60 a),*** results show that the trend of runoff changes is more significant in high time scales;total changes are heterogeneous over *** the 1970s,increases of up to 27%decade-1 were mainly concentrated in the mid-northern *** temperature and catchment characteristics are vital factors for runoff alteration;runoff changes are independent of rainfall,and wet regions tend to have lower *** findings could help develop better regional water resource planning and management.

关键词： catchment characteristics climate change slipping window runoff changes trend analysis runoff elasticity

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Advances in regional-scale crop growth and associated process modeling

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Science China Earth Sciences 2025年第3期68卷 653-668页

作者： Wenfeng LIU Yawei BAI Taisheng DU Mengxue LI Hong YANG Shichao CHEN Chuanbin LIANG Shaozhong KANG State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources China Agricultural University National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station on Efficient Water Use of Oasis Agriculture in Wuwei of Gansu Province Center for Agricultural Water Research in China China Agricultural University 2w2e Environmental consulting GmbH

In the context of global change, ensuring national food security and achieving sustainable development of agricultural production systems have become major challenges worldwide. To address these issues, regional-scale crop growth and associated process(CROP-AP) models, with their robust simulation and predictive capabilities, have emerged as important tools for studying a wide range of issues relating to agricultural production at river basin, national, and even global scales. Here, we provide a systematic review of the advances of regional-scale CROP-AP models. First, regional-scale CROP-AP models are categorized based on model characteristics: statistical models, crop growth models, hydrology-crop coupling models, and ecosystem models. The origin, development, principle, structure, and application of each model type are introduced. Then, the main functions of regional-scale CROP-AP models are critically reviewed from five aspects: crop yield prediction, crop water consumption, agricultural non-point source pollution, greenhouse gas emissions, and climate change impact and ***, the future development trends and research priorities of regional-scale CROP-AP models are explored from six key perspectives: model validation and calibration, the ability to simulate the coupling of crop physiology and human activities,enhancing model scalability, multi-model ensembles, data and code sharing, and the integration of artificial intelligence. This review aims to provide comprehensive references and insights for the further development and application of large-scale, high-precision CROP-AP models.

关键词： Regional scale Crop model Biophysical processes Model functions Global change

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Model tests and numerical analysis of emergency treatment of cohesionless soil landslide with quick-setting polyurethane

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Journal of Mountain Science 2025年第1期22卷 110-121页

作者： ZHANG Zhichao TANG Xuefeng HUANG Rufa CAI Zhenjie GAO Anhua Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention of Hilly Mountains Ministry of Natural Resources of ChinaFuzhou 350002China Technology Innovation Center for Monitoring and Restoration Engineering of Ecological Fragile Zone in Southeast China Ministry of Natural ResourcesFuzhou 350001China Fujian Construction Research Engineering consulting Co. Ltd.Fuzhou 350100China Xin Zhongkun Construction Engineering Co. LTDLongyan 364399China Fujian Jiakang Construction Engineering Co. LTDLongyan 364199China

Shotcrete is one of the common solutions for shallow *** works by forming a protective layer with high strength and cementing the loose soil particles on the slope surface to prevent shallow ***,the solidification time of conventional cement paste is long when shotcrete is used to treat cohesionless soil *** idea of reinforcing slope with polyurethane solidified soil(i.e.,mixture of polyurethane and sand)was *** tests and finite element analysis were carried out to study the effectiveness of the proposed new method on the emergency treatment of cohesionless soil *** loading on the crest of the slope was applied step by step until landslide was triggered so as to test and compare the stability and bearing capacity of slope models with different *** simulated slope displacements were relatively close to the measured results,and the simulated slope deformation characteristics were in good agreement with the observed phenomena,which verifies the accuracy of the numerical *** the condition of surcharge loading on the crest of the slope,the unreinforced slope slid when the surcharge loading exceeded 30 k Pa,which presented a failure mode of local instability and collapse at the shallow layer of slope *** reinforced slope remained stable even when the surcharge loading reached 48 k *** displacement of the reinforced slope was reduced by more than 95%.Overall,this study verifies the effectiveness of polyurethane in the emergency treatment of cohesionless soil landslide and should have broad application prospects in the field of geological disasters concerning the safety of people's live.

关键词： Cohesionless soil landslide Polyurethane Emergency treatment Reinforcement effect Model test Finite element analysis

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Research and development in drug innovation: reflections from the 2013 bioeconomy conference in China, lessons learned and future perspectives

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2014年第2期4卷 112-119页

作者： Changxiao Liu Panayiotis P.Constantinides Yazhuo Li Tianjin Institute of pharmaceutical Research Tianjin 300193China Biopharmaceutical and Drug Delivery consulting LLCGurneeIL 60031USA

The enormous progress biotechnology,bioinformatics and nanotechnology made in recent years provides opportunities and scientific framework for development of biomedicine and constitutes a paradigm shift in pharmaceutical R&D and drug *** analyzing the data and related information at R&D level over the past decades,developmental tendency and R&D patterns were *** found that a growing number of biologics in the pipeline of pharma companies with successful products already in the market though,small molecular entities have primarily dominated drug ***,small/medium size companies will continue to play a key role in the development of small molecule drugs and biologics in a multi-channel integrated *** importantly,modern and effective R&D strategies in biomedicine development to predict and evaluate efficacy and/or safety of 21st century therapeutics are urgently *** face new challenges,developmental strategies were proposed,in terms of molecular targeted medicine,generic drugs,new drug delivery system and protein-based *** the current circumstances,interdisciplinary cooperation mode and policy related to drug innovation in China were deeply discussed as well.

关键词： Bioeconomy Biomedicine Drug development Innovation Research and development Strategy and models

The Role of Medical Literature, Clinical Trials and Experimental Research in Drug Product-Injury Litigation: A Primer with Two Examples

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2018年第6期9卷 208-227页

作者： Jan M. kitzen Joseph V. Pergolizzi Jr. Robert Taylor Jr. Robert B. Raffa kitzen pharmaceutical consulting Collegeville USA Temple University School of Medicine Philadelphia USA NEMA Research Inc. Naples USA University of Arizona College of Pharmacy Tucson USA Temple University School of Pharmacy PhiladelphiaUSA

When any type of product has been ordered to be removed from the marketplace by a governmental regulatory body, that action is a powerful indicator that the product has been determined to be unsafe for further use, thereby branding the product as defective and opening up the possibility of product liability litigation. When the product is a drug or medical device, it is especially serious since the possibility of personal injury (acute and/or chronic) or death may occur. Needless to say, in these situations, product injury litigation will almost surely follow. We review the definition and requisite claims needed to establish drug product liability, and the role that the medical literature, clinical trial data, and even experimental research data can play in product (drug)-injury litigation. We show how each of these resources played a significant role in two well-known cases: Fen-Phen and thimerosal. The ultimate goal of such knowledge is to make better informed decisions about drug safety.

关键词： Drug Safety Product Quality Injury Litigation Fen-Phen Thimerosal

Reinforcement Learning in Mechatronic Systems: A Case Study on DC Motor Control

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Circuits and Systems 2025年第1期16卷 1-24页

作者： Alexander Nüßgen Alexander Lerch René Degen Marcus Irmer Martin de Fries Fabian Richter Cecilia Boström Margot Ruschitzka CAD CAM Center Cologne Institute of Automotive Engineering Cologne (IFK) Faculty of Automotive Systems and Production Cologne University of Applied Science Cologne Germany Division of Electricity Department of Electrical Engineering Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden Heringer consulting GmbH Cologne Germany

The integration of artificial intelligence into the development and production of mechatronic products offers a substantial opportunity to enhance efficiency, adaptability, and system performance. This paper examines the utilization of reinforcement learning as a control strategy, with a particular focus on its deployment in pivotal stages of the product development lifecycle, specifically between system architecture and system integration and verification. A controller based on reinforcement learning was developed and evaluated in comparison to traditional proportional-integral controllers in dynamic and fault-prone environments. The results illustrate the superior adaptability, stability, and optimization potential of the reinforcement learning approach, particularly in addressing dynamic disturbances and ensuring robust performance. The study illustrates how reinforcement learning can facilitate the transition from conceptual design to implementation by automating optimization processes, enabling interface automation, and enhancing system-level testing. Based on the aforementioned findings, this paper presents future directions for research, which include the integration of domain-specific knowledge into the reinforcement learning process and the validation of this process in real-world environments. The results underscore the potential of artificial intelligence-driven methodologies to revolutionize the design and deployment of intelligent mechatronic systems.

关键词： Artificial Intelligence in Product Development Mechatronic Systems Reinforcement Learning for Control System Integration and Verification Adaptive Optimization Processes Knowledge-Based Engineering

GREEN ROOFING IN INDIANA: CASE STUDIES AND DESIGN NOTES

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Journal of Green Building 2010年第3期5卷 50-68页

作者： Anne Altor Tierra Verde consulting

Green roof technology and implementation are taking root in North America at an accelerating *** recogni-tion of the benefits of green roofs and increasing interest in green infrastructure are leading to expansion of green roof tech-nologies that have been in use for decades in Europe and *** some regions have adopted the use of green roofs on a large scale,other areas are warming up to the concept more ***-scale implementation of green roofs has not yet occurred in Indiana,but a number of exemplary projects have been constructed,and there are signs that interest in the technology is increasing in the *** purpose of this article is to provide an overview of green roof technology,analyze selected green roofs in Indiana,explore trends in the state,and address issues for future development of green roof technol-ogy in the region.A variety of green roofs were investigated throughout the *** were held with individuals involved in each project to obtain technical and logistical details of green roof design,installation,and performance.

关键词： green roof technology green roof design and installation green roof maintenance and performance stormwater management modular versus loose laid systems energy efficiency

Sustainable reclamation practices for a large surface coal mine in shortgrass prairie,semiarid environment(Wyoming,USA):case study

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International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 2022年第3期9卷 207-220页

作者： Anna Krzyszowska Waitkus Environmental consulting LaramieWYUSA

Sustainable reclamation practices for large surface coal mines in USA semiarid environment contribute to the quality of the environmental on a long term basis where environmental resources are protected for future ***,after reclamation,must be suitable for the previous use of greatest economic or social values to the community *** the semiarid climate of USA,non-developed land is mainly utilized for crops,grazing,and *** of various stages of the reclamation processes includes verifcation and approval of reclamation criteria and performance standards created by state *** sustainable reclamation practices were investigated at the USA’s largest surface coal mine of the semiarid environment in *** practices include building post-mining topography to the approximate original contour and reestablish a stable hydrologic system to drain surface *** available spoil material is backflled and graded to achieve the post-mining topography which closely resembles the pre-mining *** overburden material or other coal waste material is left in stockpiles at the *** planning until the end of mining,the knowledge of available volumes of suitable backfll material and soil is necessary for sustainable management *** and permanent vegetation capable of stabilizing soil surfaces and capable of self-regeneration is *** management of the reclamation efort is achieved by enforcement processes developed by the state and federal *** inspections of mining and reclamation operations and reviews of annual reports submitted by the operator help determine if the reclamation processes are occurring according to the permit plan.

关键词： Post-mining topography Revegetation Hydrology Soil salvage Inspections Enforcement

ALPHA SPACE-WHERE PLANTS FLY BEYOND THE VERTICAL GARDEN

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Journal of Green Building 2015年第2期10卷 1-23页

作者： Lloyd Godman John Power Stuart Jones Grant Harris 不详 Hyder consulting in Melbourne

In 1996,my interests as a passionate gardener and photo-based artist,that both dated from the 1970s,collided when I made the connection that plants are actually a form of photography;(photography from the Greek-meaning light drawing).Both photography and plants use the magical,mysterious ingredient that is LIGHT and the essential force that drives life on the *** fact,the largest photosensitive emulsion we know of is the planet earth.I draw inspiration and endless fascination from the awareness that the earth rotates in space and orbits the sun at a precise distance for the sun’s radiation to affect the elegant process of photosynthesis through the myriad of plants that have evolved and grow on the *** earth is a three dimensional living *** atmosphere and biosphere are also key factors that mediate the harshness of radiation bombarding the earth and nurture life on the planet that we know and depend *** process is an amazing thing and something we should revere and *** the earth as a basket ball,wrapped in the thinnest paper you could *** thickness of this delicate paper is equivalent to the atmosphere,and the depth of the paper’s texture is thicker than the tallest trees,even thicker than the tallest high rise buildings!Image sequences from NASSA shows how vegetation grows,dies back,changes colour with the seasons,how the“photographic image”that is our planet *** human intervention plays a larger role in transforming the image of the globe we *** foliated land as a photo-sensor(like in a digital camera).

关键词： Environmental Art Green Urban Spaces Roof and Vertical Gardening Air Plants Plants as Weather Shields and Screens Extreme Gardening

New Development of Acid Regeneration in Steel Pickling Plants

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2008年第4期15卷 1-6页

作者： W F Kladnig ICC Chemical consulting Vienna A-1193 Austria

For acid pickling heat treated mild steel and steel products, up to the middle of the last century, sulfuric acid was primarily in use, which has been replaced stepwise by hydrochloric acid since the sixties. During this time, the pickling of high alloyed steel with hydrofluoric acid or mixtures for hydrofluoric acid together with nitric acid has also been applied on industrial scale. The technologies used by several plant contractors hereby show considerable differences in their engineering. The study provides a survey of the progress in the state of art of regeneration technology as well as the use of different *** media in the form of a review on existing technologies as well as improvements done within the recent years in the area.

关键词： pickling mild steel high alloyed steel acid recycling technology global emission standard treatment of stack gas

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