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Decoding molecular mechanisms:brain aging and Alzheimer's disease

Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第8期20卷 2279-2299页

作者： Mahnoor Hayat Rafay Ali Syed Hammad Qaiser Mohammad Uzair Khalid Al-Regaiey Roaa Khallaf Lubna Abdullah Mohammed Albassam Imdad Kaleem Xueyi Wang Ran Wang Mehwish SBhatti Shahid Bashir Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences(ASAB) National University of Sciences and Technology(NUST)IslamabadPakistan Department of Biotechnology Quaid-i-Azam UniversityIslamabadPakistan Department of Biological Sciences Faculty of Basic&Applied SciencesInternational Islamic University Islamabad(IIUI)IslamabadPakistan Department of Bioengineering King Fahd University of Petroleum and MineralsDhahranSaudi Arabia Department of Physiology College of MedicineKing Saud UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia Department of Neurology Neuroscience CenterKing Fahad Specialist HospitalDammamSaudi Arabia Department of Mental Health Neuroscience CenterKing Fahad Specialist HospitalDammamSaudi Arabia Department of Biosciences Commission on Science and Technology for Sustainable Development in the South(COMSATS University)IslamabadPakistan Department of Psychiatry The First Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangHebei ProvinceChina Mental Health Institute of Hebei Medical university ShijiazhuangHebei ProvinceChina Department of Neurobiology and Behavior University of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA Neuroscience Center King Fahad Specialist Hospital DammamDammamSaudi Arabia

The complex morphological,anatomical,physiological,and chemical mechanisms within the aging brain have been the hot topic of research for *** aging process alters the brain structure that affects functions and cognitions,but the worsening of such processes contributes to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders,such as Alzheimer's *** these observable,mild morphological shifts,significant functional modifications in neurotransmission and neuronal activity critically influence the aging *** these changes is important for maintaining cognitive health,especially given the increasing prevalence of age-related conditions that affect *** review aims to explore the age-induced changes in brain plasticity and molecular processes,differentiating normal aging from the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease,thereby providing insights into predicting the risk of dementia,particularly Alzheimer's disease.

关键词： Alzheimer’s disease brain aging cognitive health dementia molecular mechanisms neuronal activity neuroplasticity neurotransmission

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Case series: Using laryngeal mask airway to enhance the radiological evaluation and staging of cancers involving the larynx: A novel technique

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世界耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志英文版 2024年第4期10卷 345-349页

作者： Aljaafari Abdullah Raad Haytham Munar Aysegul Hasan Ali H. Sabra Omar ENT Department King Hamad University Hospital Kingdom of Bahrain Muharraq Bahrain Department of Anesthesia King Hamad University Hospital Kingdom of Bahrain Muharraq Bahrain Department of Radiology King Hamad University Hospital Kingdom of Bahrain Muharraq Bahrain Department of ENT Faculty of Medicine Arabian Gulf University Kingdom of Bahrain Muharraq Bahrain

The diagnosis and staging of head and neck tumors requires proper clinical, endoscopic, and radiological evaluation. Currently, imaging techniques such as Magnetic Resonance Imagining (MRI) and Computed Tomography (CT) are used for head and neck tumors but are limited in showing involvement of different hypopharyngeal sub-compartments. Several maneuvers have been developed to improve visualization of the head and neck area; however, they demonstrated minimal benefit. In this case series, patients with tumors involving the hypopharynx are studied. A laryngeal mask airway was used to stent the hypopharynx to assess the extent of the disease by creating real space between mucosal surfaces. This case series aims to describe the impact of using laryngeal mask airway on the evaluation of cancers involving the hypopharynx.

关键词： head and neck imaging head and neck tumors laryngeal mask airway

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Treatment of sepsis: What is the antibiotic choice in bacteremia due to carbapenem resistant Enterobacteriaceae?

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2017年第8期5卷 324-332页

作者： Fatema Alhashem Nicolette Leonie Tiren-Verbeet Emine Alp Mehmet Doganay Department of Pediatrics King Hamad University Hospital Bone marrow Transplantation Department Erciyes University Hospital Department of Infectious Diseases Faculty of MedicineErciyes University

Sepsis is one of the major challenges of today. Although gram-positive bacteria related infections are more prevalent in hospital setting, the highest mortality rate is associated with gram-negative microorganisms especially Enterobacteriaceae. Enterobacteriaceae, including Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Proteus spp., Enterobacter spp. and Serratia spp. Resistance to β-lactams in Enterobacteriaceae is primarily attributed to the production of B-lactamase enzymes with subsequent antibiotic hydrolysis and to a lesser extent by alteration of efflux pump or porins expression. Carbapenem resistant Enterobacteriaceae(CRE) and Acinetobacter baumannii are the most notorious pathogens due to the high incidence of morbidity and mortality especially in the immunocompromised patients in the intensive care unit. The most appropriate antimicrobial therapy to treat CRE is still controversial. Combination therapy is preferred over monotherapy due to its broad-spectrum coverage of micro-organisms, due to its synergetic effect and to prevent development of further resistance. Current suggested therapies for CRE resistance as well as promising antibiotics that are currently under investigation for winning the war against the emerging CRE resistance are reviewed and discussed.

关键词： Carbapenem resistant Enterobacteriaceae Sepsis Bacteraemia Bacteremia Treatment Antibiotics

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Congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunt complicated by the development of hepatocellular carcinoma

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2015年第5期14卷 552-557页

作者： Ruchi Sharma Abid Suddle Alberto Quaglia Praveen Peddu John Karani Thomas Satyadas Institute of Liver Studies King's College Hospital Department of Radiology King's College Hospital Central Manchester university hospital Manchester Royal Infirmary

Congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunt,also known as Abernethy malformation, is a rare congenital malformation. It causes shunting of blood through a communication between the portal and systemic veins such as a patent ductus venous. We report 3 cases of Abernethy malformation complicated by the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Additionally, we comprehensively reviewed all previously reported cases and highlighted common features that may help in early diagnosis and appropriate *** with Abernethy malformation may have an increased propensity to develop hepatocellular carcinoma. All 5 previously reported cases, plus the three of our patients, have a type 1（complete） shunt suggesting a role for absent portal blood flow in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunt should be sought for in cases with raised serum ammonia, hepatic encephalopathy or hepatocellular carcinoma in the absence of cirrhosis.

关键词： Abernethy malformation congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunt congenital absence of portal vein patent ductus venosus hepatocellular carcinoma

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Pancreatic injury in patients with septic shock: A literature review

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2016年第7期8卷 526-531页

作者： Anis Chaari Karim Abdel Hakim Kamel Bousselmi Mahmoud Etman Mohamed El Bahr Ahmed El Saka Eman Hamza Mohamed Ismail Elsayed Mahmoud Khalil Vipin Kauts William Francis Casey Department of Intensive Care King Hamed University Hospital

Sepsis and septic shock are life threatening condition associated with high mortality rate in critically-ill patients. This high mortality is mainly related to the inadequacy between oxygen delivery and cellular demand leading to the onset of multiorgan dysfunction. Whether this multiorgan failure affect the pancreas is not fully investigated. In fact, pancreatic injury may occur because of ischemia, overwhelming inflammatory response, oxidative stress, cellular apoptosis and/or metabolic derangement. Increased serum amylase and/or lipase levels are common in patients with septic shock. However, imaging test rarely reveal significant pancreatic damage. Whether pancreatic dysfunction does affect the prognosis of patients with septic shock or not is still a matter of debate. In fact, only few studies with limited sample size assessed the clinical relevance of the pancreatic injury in this group of patients. In this review, we aimed to describe the epidemiology and the physiopathology of pancreatic injury in septic shock patients, to clarify whether it requires specific management and to assess its prognostic value. Our main finding is that pancreatic injury does not significantly affect the outcome in septic shock patients. Hence, increased serum pancreatic enzymes without clinical features of acute pancreatitis do not require further imaging investigations and specific therapeutic intervention.

关键词： Septic shock Pancreas Lipase Amylase Prognosis

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Ocular manifestations of children with atopic dermatitis in Saudi Arabia

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2023年第5期16卷 787-793页

作者： Lina Hassan Raffa Tala Musa Roblah Nasser Talal Balbaid Bader Sameer Zimmo Mahmood Jameel Showail Department of Ophthalmology King Abdulaziz University HospitalJeddahSaudi Arabia Faculty of Medicine King Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia Department of Dermatology King Abdulaziz University HospitalJeddahSaudi Arabia

AIM:To examine the incidence of ocular abnormalities in children with atopic dermatitis(AD)in Saudi Arabia and its association with the severity of ***:This is a cross-sectional study on 50 children with AD who were between 5 and 16 years of *** severity of AD was evaluated using the SCORing Atopic Dermatitis(SCORAD)*** the children underwent slit lamp exams,visual acuity assessment,intraocular pressure measurement,and corneal *** children were considered to have an ophthalmic abnormality if one or more of the following signs were present:glaucoma,keratoconus suspicion,in addition to lid,conjunctival,corneal,lenticular,or retinal ***:Based on the SCORAD severity index,14%of children had mild AD(7/50),38%had moderate AD(19/50),and nearly half had severe *** than half the children exhibited facial involvement,and half had peri-orbital *** mean SCORAD index was *** mean age was 10.48±3.6y,and the cohort showed a slight male predominance(54%males).Both eyes of the 50 children in the cohort were *** on the ocular examinations,92%of the patients showed ocular abnormalities:lid abnormalities(27/50)followed by keratitis(22/50).Four patients had moderate risk for keratoconus in one eye and eight patients were suspected to have ***,SCORAD severity index was not associated with age,sex,or the number or presence of ophthalmic ***:This is the first study in Saudi Arabia to evaluate the prevalence of ocular manifestations in children with *** results indicate that the majority of children with AD have ocular abnormalities that mainly include lid *** on these findings,larger scale studies are needed to affirm whether regular screening for ophthalmic abnormalities would be beneficial for children with AD in terms of early intervention and prevention of sight-threatening complications.

关键词： atopic dermatitis children eczema keratoconus ocular disease ophthalmic abnormalities prevalence SCORAD

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Seroprevalence of celiac disease among healthy adolescents in Saudi Arabia

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第15期19卷 2374-2378页

作者： Abdulrahman M Aljebreen Majid A Almadi Alwaleed Alhammad Faleh Z Al Faleh Gastroenterology Division King Khalid University HospitalKing Saud University Gastroenterology Division McGill University Health CenterMontreal General HospitalMcGill University Immunology Unit Department of PathologyKing Saud University

AIM: To identify the seroprevalence of celiac disease among healthy Saudi adolescents. METHODS: Between December 2007 and January 2008, healthy students from the 10th to 12th grades were randomly selected from three regions in Saudi Arabia. These regions included the following: (1) Aseer region, with a student population of 25512; (2) Madinah, with a student population of 23852; and (3) Al-Qaseem, with a student population of 16067. Demographic data were recorded, and a venous blood sample (5-10 mL) was taken from each student. The blood samples were tested for immunoglobulin A and immunoglobulin G endomysial antibodies (EMA) by indirect ***: In total, 1167 students (614 males and 553 females) from these three regions were randomly selected. The majority of the study population was classified as lower middle class (82.7%). There were 26 (2.2%) students who had a positive anti-EMA test, including 17 females (3.1%) and 9 males (1.5%). Al-Qaseem region had the highest celiac disease prevalence among the three studied regions in Saudi Arabia (3.1%). The prevalence by region was as follows: Aseer 2.1% (10/479), Madinah 1.8% (8/436), and Al-Qaseem 3.2% (8/252). The prevalence in Madinah was significantly lower than the prevalence in Aseer and Al-Qaseem (P=0.02). CONCLUSION: Our data suggest celiac disease prevalence might be one of the highest in the world. Further studies are needed to determine the real prevalence.

关键词： Celiac disease Saudi Arabia Prevalence Antiendomysial antibody Epidemiology

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Exploring the Relationship between Work Engagement and Turnover Intention among Nurses in the kingdom of Bahrain: A Cross-Sectional Study

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Open Journal of Nursing 2021年第12期11卷 1098-1109页

作者： Francis Byron Opinion Fairouz Alhourani Maha Mihdawi Tareq Afaneh Assistant Director of Nursing for Quality & Accreditation Nursing Research & EBP Magnet Program and Informatics King Hamad University Hospital Muharraq Kingdom of Bahrain Director of Nursing King Hamad University Hospital Muharraq Kingdom of Bahrain Nursing Research& EBP Coordinator Nursing Research and EBP Department King Hamad University Hospital Muharraq Kingdom of Bahrain Nursing Manager Risk Management KPI/Data Management Patient Experience King Hamad University Hospital Muharraq Kingdom of Bahrain

Background & Aim: Employees’ engagement is a significant organizational competence. Turnover intention is an institutional concern that needs critical analysis of identifying its predictors. Studies have supported the relationship between nurses’ engagement and their desire to leave the organization. This study aims to explore the relationship between work engagement and turnover intention among nurses working in the kingdom of Bahrain. Methods: A cross-sectional design was used for this study. A group of 922 nurses from a major tertiary hospital in the kingdom of Bahrain was invited to complete the online self-administered survey. The work engagement was assessed using the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES). The turnover intention was assessed using the 3-item TI Scale based on Mobley et al. survey. The study was conducted in December 2019. Results: 610 nurses completed the survey on a response rate of (66.2%). The result suggests that nurses expressed high level of work engagement Mean ± Standard Deviation [M = 4.85, SD ± 0.70], and low level of turnover intention [M = 2.29, SD ± 0.94]. Pearson correlation revealed a significant negative relationship between work engagement and turnover intention at p king in ambulatory division have higher work engagement than nurses working in critical care division. Conclusion/practical implication: It’s paramount for the nurses’ leaders and human resource development practitioners to focus on work engagement dimensions, and developing effective interventions to improve it, which eventually decreases nursing staff’s turnover intention. Retention is more preferable than recruiting, employing, and training new staff. This study confirms the significant relationship between work engagement and turnover intention among nurses.

关键词： Intention to Leave Nurses Turnover Intention Work Engagement

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Induced pluripotent stem cell-related approaches to generate dopaminergic neurons for Parkinson's disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第11期20卷 3193-3206页

作者： Ling-Xiao Yi Hui Ren Woon Genevieve Saw Li Zeng Eng king Tan Zhi Dong Zhou National Neuroscience Institute Singapore Nanyang Technology university Singapore Department of Neurology Singapore General HospitalSingapore Signature Research Program in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders Duke-NUS Medical SchoolSingapore

The progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in affected patient brains is one of the pathological features of Parkinson's disease,the second most common human neurodegenerative *** the detailed pathogenesis accounting for dopaminergic neuron degeneration in Parkinson's disease is still unclear,the advancement of stem cell approaches has shown promise for Parkinson's disease research and *** induced pluripotent stem cells have been commonly used to generate dopaminergic neurons,which has provided valuable insights to improve our understanding of Parkinson's disease pathogenesis and contributed to anti-Parkinson's disease *** current review discusses the practical approaches and potential applications of induced pluripotent stem cell techniques for generating and differentiating dopaminergic neurons from induced pluripotent stem *** benefits of induced pluripotent stem cell-based research are *** dopaminergic neuron differentiation protocols from induced pluripotent stem cells are *** emerging three-dimension-based brain organoid models compared with conventional two-dimensional cell culture are ***,limitations,challenges,and future directions of induced pluripotent stem cell–based approaches are analyzed and proposed,which will be significant to the future application of induced pluripotent stem cell-related techniques for Parkinson's disease.

关键词： dopaminergic neurons induced pluripotent stem cells Parkinson's disease stem cell approaches

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Performance of American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy guidelines for dyspepsia in Saudi population: Prospective observational study

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第2期21卷 637-643页

作者： Nahla A Azzam Majid A Almadi Hessah hamad Alamar Lamis Atyah Almalki Rehab Nawaf Alrashedi Rawabi Saleh Alghamdi Waleed Al-hamoudi Division of Gastroenterology King Khalid University Hospital king Saud university Riyadh 11461Saudi Arabia Division of Gastroenterology The Mc Gill University Health Center Montreal General hospital Mc Gill UniversityMontreal H3A0G4Canada Division of Gastroenterology King Khalid University HospitalKing Saud UniversityRiyadh 11461Saudi Arabia Division of liver transplant King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research CenterRiyadh 11461Saudi Arabia

AIM: To evaluate adherence of primary care physicians(PCPs) to international guidelines when referring patients for upper-gastrointestinal endoscopy(UGE), evaluate the importance of alarm symptoms and the performance of the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy(ASGE) guidelines in a Saudi ***: A prospective, observational cross-sectional study on dyspeptic patients undergoing UGE who were referred by PCPs over a 4 mo period. Refer-rals were classified as appropriate or inappropriate according to adherence to ASGE ***: Total of 221 dyspeptic patients was enrolled; 161 patients met our inclusion criteria. Mean age was 40.3 years(SD ± 18.1). Females comprised 70.1%. Alarm symptoms included low hemoglobin level(39%), weight loss(18%), vomiting(16%), loss of appetite(16%), difficulty swallowing(3%), and gastrointestinal bleeding(3%). Abnormal endoscopy findings included gastritis(52%), duodenitis(10%), hiatus hernia(7.8%), features suggestive of celiac disease(6.5%), ulcers(3.9%), malignancy(2.6%) and gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD: 17%). Among patients who underwent UGE, 63% met ASGE guidelines, and 50% had abnormal endoscopic findings. Endoscopy was not indicated in remaining 37% of patients. Among the latter group, endoscopy was normal in 54% of patients. There was no difference in proportion of abnormal endoscopic findings between two groups(P = 0.639).CONCLUSION: Dyspeptic patients had a low prevalence of important endoscopic lesions, and none of the alarm symptoms could significantly predict abnormalendoscopic findings.

关键词： Dyspepsia Primary care physician American Society

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