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The Beishan underground research laboratory for geological disposal of high-level radioactive waste in China:Planning, site selection,site characterization and in situ tests

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2018年第3期10卷 411-435页

作者： Ju Wang Liang Chen Rui Su Xingguang Zhao CNNC key laboratory on geological disposal of high-Ievel radioactive waste Beijing Research Institute of Uranium Geology

With the rapid development of nuclear power in China, the disposal of high-level radioactive waste（HLW） has become an important issue for nuclear safety and environmental protection. Deep geological disposal is internationally accepted as a feasible and safe way to dispose of HLW, and underground research laboratories（URLs） play an important and multi-faceted role in the development of HLW repositories. This paper introduces the overall planning and the latest progress for China＇s URL. On the basis of the proposed strategy to build an area-specific URL in combination with a comprehensive evaluation of the site selection results obtained during the last 33 years, the Xinchang site in the Beishan area,located in Gansu Province of northwestern China, has been selected as the final site for China＇s first URL built in granite. In the process of characterizing the Xinchang URL site, a series of investigations,including borehole drilling,geological mapping, geophysical surveying,hydraulic testing and in situ stress measurements, has been conducted. The investigation results indicate that the geological,hydrogeological, engineering geological and geochemical conditions of the Xinchang site are very suitable for URL construction. Meanwhile, to validate and develop construction technologies for the Beishan URL, the Beishan exploration tunnel（BET）, which is a 50-m-deep facility in the Jiujing sub-area, has been constructed and several in situ tests, such as drill-and-blast tests, characterization of the excavation damaged zone（EDZ）, and long-term deformation monitoring of surrounding rocks, have been performed in the BET. The methodologies and technologies established in the BET will serve for URL *** to the achievements of the characterization of the URL site, a preliminary design of the URL with a maximum depth of 560 m is proposed and necessary in situ tests in the URL are planned.

关键词： Beishan Xinchang site Granite Underground research laboratory(URL) high-level radioactive waste(HLW) geological disposal

Development and Deformation Characteristics of Large Ancient Landslides in the Intensely Hazardous Xiongba-Sela Section of the Jinsha River, Eastern Tibetan Plateau, China

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年第3期35卷 980-997页

作者： Yiqiu Yan Changbao Guo Yanan Zhang Zhendong Qiu Caihong Li Xue Li Institute of Geomechanics Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijing 100081China key laboratory of Active Tectonics and geological Safety Ministry of Natural ResourcesBeijing 100081China

The upstream Jinsha River,located in the eastern Tibetan Plateau,has been experiencing intense geological hazards characterized by a high density of ancient landslides,significant deformation and reactivation *** this study,remote sensing interpretation,field investigations,and Small Baseline Subset Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar(SBAS-InSAR)technologies have been *** a 17 km stretch of the Jinsha River,specifically in the Xiongba-Sela segment,16 large-scale ancient landslides were identified,9 of which are currently undergoing creeping ***,the Sela and Xiongba ancient landslides exhibit significant deformation,with a maximum deformation rate of-192 mm/yr,indicating a high level of sliding *** volume of the Sela ancient landslide is estimated to be 1.8×108 to 4.5×108 m3,and characterized by extensive fissures and long-term creeping *** SBAS-InSAR results revealed significant spatial variations in the deformation of the Sela ancient landslide,generally displaying two secondary zones of intense deformation,and landslide deformation exhibits nonlinear behavior with *** January 2016 and February 2022,Zone III1 on the southwest side of the Sela ancient landslide,experienced a maximum cumulative deformation of-857 mm,with a maximum deformation rate of-108 mm/*** III2,on the northeast side of the Sela ancient landslide,the maximum cumulative deformation was-456 mm,with a maximum deformation rate of-74 mm/yr;among these,the H2 and H4 secondary bodies on the south side of III1 are in the accelerative deformation stage and at the Warn warning *** propose that the large-scale flood and debris flow disasters triggered by the Baige landslide-dammed lake-dam broken disaster chain in Tibetan Plateau during October and November 2018 caused severe erosion at the foot of downstream *** far-field triggering effect accelerated the creep of the downstream ancient ***,the defo

关键词： Jinsha River SBAS-InSAR landslides surface deformation disasters.

high-precision modeling of tide-induced 3-D magnetic field and analysis of geomagnetic satellite orbit requirements

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第1期67卷 165-178页

作者： Zhengyong REN Cong YANG Hongbo YAO Xu TANG Jingtian TANG Keke ZHANG key laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals and geological Environment Monitoring Ministry of Education Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China Hunan key laboratory of Nonferrous Resources and geological Hazards Exploration Changsha 410083China School of Geosciences and Info-Physics Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China State key laboratory of Lunar and Planetary Sciences Macao University of Science and TechnologyMacao 999078China

Ground-based magnetic observatories and geomagnetic satellites can observe the induced magnetic field generated by the motion of seawater containing sodium and chlorine *** the three-dimensional(3-D)spatial distribution of tide-induced magnetic fields(TIMF)is crucial for inverting the electrical conductivity structure of the oceanic *** also serves as an essential basis for designing optimal geomagnetic observatories and satellite ***,existing methods for simulating TIMF suffer from limitations in inaccurately modeling realistic coastlines,heterogeneous land and sea surface properties,and complex deep Earth structures,thereby the interpretational level of TIMF data is *** overcome this issue,we developed a tetrahedral-based finite element method for simulating TIMF,which can efficiently approximate realistic coastlines,heterogeneous land and sea surface properties,and complex deep Earth ***,we derived the boundary value problem for the seawater motion-induced electromagnetic field,which was solved using the vector finite element method based on tetrahedral ***,using the latest ocean depth and seafloor sediment layer models,we constructed a 3-D conductivity model of the Earth,which includes realistic coastlines,heterogeneous land and sea conductivity *** then computed the TIMF using the M_(2)tidal source as an example and validated our method by comparing it with results obtained from spherical harmonic finite element and integral equation ***,utilizing the computed high-precision M_(2),N_(2),and O1 TIMF signals,we marked global observatories capable of observing strong M_(2),N_(2),and O1 TIMF signals and predicted alternative stations suitable for tide signal ***,we calculated TIMF at heights of 450 and 200 km for the Macao Science Satellite 1 and its subsequent *** results indicate that the amplitude of the tidal-induced magnetic field at

关键词： Ocean motional induction Electromagnetic induction Ocean tides Geomagnetic satellite Macao Science Satellite 1

Design and validation of the THMC China-Mock-Up test on buffer material for HLW disposal

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2014年第2期6卷 119-125页

作者： Yuemiao Liu Like Ma Dan Ke Shengfei Cao Jingli Xie Xingguang Zhao Liang Chena Panpan Zhang Beijing Research Institute of Uranium Geology CNNC key laboratory on geological disposal of high-level radioactive waste

According to the preliminary concept of the high-level radioactive waste （HLW） repository in China, a large-scale mock-up facility, named China-Mock-Up was constructed in the laboratory of Beijing Research Institute of Uranium Geology （BRIUG）. A heater, which simulates a container of radioactive waste, is placed inside the compacted Gaomiaozi （GMZ）-Na-bentonite blocks and pellets. Water inflow through the barrier from its outer surface is used to simulate the intake of groundwater. The numbers of water injection pipes, injection pressure and the insulation layer were determined based on the nu- merical modeling simulations. The current experimental data of the facility are herein analyzed. The experiment is intended to evaluate the thermo-hydro-mechano-chemical （THMC） processes occurring in the compacted bentonite-buffer during the early stage of HLW disposal and to provide a reliable database for numerical modeling and further investigation of engineered barrier system （EBS）, and the design of HLW repository.

关键词： high-level radioactive waste (HLW) Mock-Up test Numerical modeling Bentonite

Landslide hazard susceptibility evaluation based on SBAS-InSAR technology and SSA-BP neural network algorithm:A case study of Baihetan Reservoir Area

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第3期21卷 952-972页

作者： GUO Junqi XI Wenfei YANG Zhiquan SHI Zhengtao HUANG Guangcai YANG Zhengrong YANG Dongqing Faculty of Geography Yunnan Normal UniversityKunming 650500China key laboratory of Early Rapid Identification Prevention and Control of Geological Diseases in Traffic Corridor of High Intensity Earthquake Mountainous Area of Yunnan ProvinceKunming 650093China Faculty of Public Safety and Emergency Management Kunming University of Science and TechnologyKunming 650093China key laboratory of geological Disaster Risk Prevention and Control and Emergency Disaster Reduction of Ministry of Emergency Management of the People’s Republic of China Kunming University of Science and TechnologyKunming 650093China Guizhou geological Survey Institute Guiyang 550081China College of Big Data and Intelligent Engineering Southwest Forestry UniversityKunming 650224China

Landslide hazard susceptibility evaluation takes on critical significance in early warning and disaster prevention and *** order to solve the problems of poor effectiveness of landslide data and complex calculation of weights for multiple evaluation factors in the existing landslide susceptibility evaluation models,in this study,a method of landslide hazard susceptibility evaluation is proposed by combining SBAS-InSAR(Small Baseline Subsets-Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar)and SSA-BP(Sparrow Search Algorithm-Back Propagation)neural network *** SBAS-InSAR technology is adopted to identify potential landslide hazards in the study area,update the cataloging data of landslide hazards,and 11 evaluation factors are chosen for constructing the SSA-BP model for training and *** Reservoir area is selected as a case study for *** indicated by the results,the application of SBAS-InSAR technology,combined with both ascending and descending orbit data,effectively addresses the incomplete identification of landslide hazards caused by geometric distortion of single orbit SAR data(e.g.,shadow,overlay,and perspective contraction)in deep canyon areas,thereby enabling the acquisition of up-to-date landslide hazard ***,in comparison to the conventional BP(Back Propagation)algorithm,the accuracy of the model constructed by the SSA-BP algorithm exhibits a significant increase,with mean squared error and mean absolute error reduced by 0.0142 and 0.0607,***,during the process of susceptibility evaluation,the SSA-BP model effectively circumvents the issue of considerable manual interventions in calculating the weight of evaluation *** area under the curve of this model reaches 0.909,surpassing BP(0.835),random forest(0.792),and the information value method(0.699).The risk of landslide occurrence in the Baihetan Reservoir area is positively correlated with slope,surface temperature,and deformation ra

关键词： Baihetan SBAS-InSAR SSA-BP Landslide hazard susceptibility evaluation

Multiple isotopes reveal the driving mechanism of high NO_(3)^(-) level and key processes of nitrogen cycling in the lower reaches of Yellow River

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第4期138卷 597-606页

作者： Qianqian Zhang Huiwei Wang Lu Liu Tianlun Zhai Xueqing Zhang Hebei and China geological Survey key laboratory of Groundwater Remediation Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental GeologyChinese Academy of Geological SciencesHebei 050061China Geo-Environmental Monitoring Institute of Hebei Province Hebei 050011China Hebei Provincial laboratory of Water Environmental Science Hebei 050037China Hebei Provincial Academy of Ecological Environmental Science Hebei 050037China

The continuous increase of nitrate(NO_(3)^(-))level in rivers is a hot issue in the ***,the driving mechanism of high NO_(3)^(-)level in large rivers is still lacking,which has limited the use of river water and increased the cost of water *** this study,multiple isotopes and source resolution models are applied to identify the driving mechanism of high NO_(3)^(-)level and key processes of nitrogen cycling in the lower reaches of the Yellow River(LRYR).The major sources of NO_(3)^(-)were sewage and manure(SAM)in the low-flow season and soil nitrogen(SN)and chemical fertilizer(CF)in the high-flow *** was the most key process of nitrogen cycling in the ***,in the biological removal processes,denitrification may not occur *** temporal variation of contributions of NO_(3)^(-)sources were estimated by a source resolution model in the *** proportional contributions of SAM and CF to NO_(3)^(-)in the low-flow and high-flow season were 32.5%-52.3%,44.2%-46.2%and 36.0%-40.8%,54.9%-56.9%,*** driving mechanisms of high NO_(3)^(-)level were unreasonable sewage discharge,intensity rainfall runoff,nitrification and lack of nitrate removal *** control the NO_(3)^(-)concentration,targeted measures should be implemented to improve the capacity of sewage and wastewater treatment,increase the utilization efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer and construct ecological *** study deepens the understanding of the driving mechanism of high nitrate level and provides a vital reference for nitrogen pollution control in rivers to other area of the world.

关键词： Nitrate Driving mechanism Nitrogen cycle Source apportionment Transformation Yellow River

An Overview on the Composition and Age of Upper Crust of Proto-Tethyan Lajishan Intra-oceanic Arc,NE Tibet Plateau

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2024年第2期98卷 285-302页

作者： FU Changlei HE Xiaohu YAN Zhen Jonathan CAITCHISON XIAO Wenjiao WANG Bingzhang LI Wufu LI Yusen SinoProbe laboratory Institute of GeologyChinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijing 100037China key laboratory of the Northern Qinghai–Tibet Plateau geological Processes and Mineral Resources Qinghai Geological Survey InstituteXining 810012China Department of Geology School of Earth SciencesYunnan UniversityKunming 650091China School of Earth and Environmental Sciences University of QueenslandBrisbane 4072Australia Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of SciencesUrumqi 830011China State key laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China School of Earth Science and Resources China University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China

Identification and anatomy of oceanic arcs within ancient orogenic belt are significant for better understanding the tectonic framework and closure process of paleo-ocean *** article summarizes the geological,geochemical,and geochronological characteristics of upper crust of Proto-Tethyan Lajishan intra-oceanic arc and provides new data to constrain the subduction evolution of the South Qilian *** intra-oceanic arc volcanic rocks,including intermediate-mafic lava,breccia,tuff,and minor felsic rocks,are distributed along southern part of the Lajishan ophiolite *** and isotopic compositions indicate that the intermediate-mafic lava were originated from depleted mantle contaminated by sediment melts or hydrous fluids,whereas the felsic rocks were likely generated by partial melting of juvenile mafic crust in intra-oceanic arc *** from felsic rocks yield consistent and concordant ages ranging from 506 to 523 Ma,suggesting these volcanic rocks represent the relicts of upper crust of the Cambrian intra-oceanic *** with the Cambrian forearc ophiolite and accretionary complex,we suggest that the Cambrian intra-oceanic arc in the Lajishan ophiolite belt is belonging to the intra-oceanic arc system which was generated by south-directed subduction in the South Qilian Ocean at a relatively short interval between approximately 530 and 480 Ma.

关键词： volcanic rocks intra-oceanic arc U-Pb age Lajishan ophiolite belt South Qilian Ocean Proto-Tethyan realm

Numerical analysis of thermal process in the near field around vertical disposal of high-level radioactive waste

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2014年第1期6卷 55-60页

作者： H.G.Zhao H.Shao H.Kunz J.Wang R.Su Y.M.Liu CNNC key laboratory on geological disposal of high-level radioactive waste Beijing Research Institute of Uranium Geology(BRIUG) Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources(BGR)

For deep geological disposal of high-level radioactive waste(HLW)in granite,the temperature on the HLW canisters is commonly designed to be lower *** criterion dictates the dimension of the *** on the concept of HLW disposal in vertical boreholes,thermal process in the nearfield(host rock and buffer)surrounding HLW canisters has been simulated by using different *** results are drawn as follows:(a)the initial heat power of HLW canisters is the most important and sensitive parameter for evolution of temperaturefield;(b)the thermal properties and variations of the host rock,the engineered buffer,and possible gaps between canister and buffer and host rock are the additional key factors governing the heat transformation;(c)the gaps width and thefilling by water or air determine the temperature offsets between them.

关键词： high-level radioactive waste(HLW) Vertical disposal Engineered barrier system(EBS) Thermal conductivity properties

Macroscopic polarization enhancement boosting piezo-photocatalytic performance via Nb-doping on B-site of Bi_(4)Ti_(3)O_(12)nanosheets

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Journal of Advanced Ceramics 2024年第4期13卷 437-446页

作者： Hongjian Yu Xindong Wei Min Wang Yan Zhang Zheng Wu Fan Guo Jie Han School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225002China Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for geological Carbon Storage and Low Carbon Utilization of Resources Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid WastesNational Laboratory of Mineral MaterialsSchool of Material Sciences and TechnologyChina University of Geosciences(Beijing)Beijing 100083China School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Xi’an Key Laboratory of Textile Chemical Engineering AuxiliariesXi'an Polytechnic UniversityXi'an 710048China

The development of a high-performance ferroelectric piezo-photocatalyst is an efficient strategy for advancing sustainability within the environmental and energy ***,a major challenge lies in the creation of a strong polarized electric field that can effectively hinder charge recombination,both within the bulk and on the surface of ***,we synthesize a series of Nb-doped Bi_(4)Ti_(3)O_(12)nanosheets via a facile one-pot hydrothermal method to achieve synergistically enhanced piezo-photocatalytic performance in CO_(2)reduction and pollutant *** optimized doped Bi_(4)Ti_(3)O_(12)demonstrates remarkable efficiency in the conversion of CO_(2)into CO,with a high production rate of 72.7μmol∙g−1∙h−1 without using co-catalysts or any sacrificial agent,surpassing the performance of unmodified Bi_(4)Ti_(3)O_(12)by up to 4.69 ***,our catalyst demonstrates ultra-fast piezo-photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutant Rhodamine B(RhB)at low concentrations and exceptional piezo-photocatalytic activity at high concentrations,outperforming most previously reported state-of-the-art *** systematic corroboration of catalyst characterization and experimental analysis reveals that the synergistic effect arises from the amplified macroscopic polarization induced by lattice distortion caused by the larger Nb ions,thereby improving piezo-photocatalytic *** research thus offers valuable insights into the direct design and fabrication of versatile catalytic systems,with applications spanning CO_(2)valorization and beyond.

关键词： CO_(2)reduction dye degradation piezo-photocatalysis Nb-doped Bi_(4)Ti_(3)O_(12) macroscopic polarization regulation