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Leak-Off Mechanism and Pressure Prediction for Shallow Sediments in Deepwater Drilling

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2018年第1期17卷 65-71页

作者： TAN Qiang DENG Jingen SUN Jin LIU Wei YU Baohua State key laboratory of petroleum resources and Prospecting ChinaUniversity of Petroleum-Beijing key laboratory of Marine Georesources and Prospecting (Hainan Province) Institute of Deep-Sea Science and Engineering Chinese Academy of Science

Deepwater sediments are prone to loss circulation in drilling due to a low overburden gradient. How to predict the magnitude of leak-off pressure more accurately is an important issue in the protection of drilling safety and the reduction of drilling cost in deep water. Starting from the mechanical properties of a shallow formation and based on the basic theory of rock-soil mechanics, the stress distribution around a borehole was analyzed. It was found that the rock or soil on a borehole is in the plastic yield state before the effective tensile stress is generated, and the effective tangential and vertical stresses increase as the drilling fluid density increases; thus, tensile failure will not occur on the borehole wall. Based on the results of stress calculation, two mechanisms and leak-off pressure prediction models for shallow sediments in deepwater drilling were put forward, and the calculated values of these models were compared with the measured value of shallow leak-off pressure in actual drilling. The results show that the MHPS(minimum horizontal principle stress) model and the FIF(fracturing in formation) model can predict the lower and upper limits of leak-off pressure. The PLC(permeable lost circulation) model can comprehensively analyze the factors influencing permeable leakage and provide a theoretical basis for leak-off prevention and plugging in deepwater drilling.

关键词： deepwater drilling shallow sediments leak-off mechanism leak-off pressure

Hydrocarbon Inclusion Characteristics in the Cambrian-Ordovician Carbonates of the TS2 Well:Implication for Deep Hydrocarbon Exploration in the Tahe Oilfield,Tarim Basin,Northwest China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2015年第3期89卷 852-860页

作者： LI Chunquan CHEN Honghan key laboratory of Tectonics and petroleum resources(China University of Geosciences) Ministry of Education Faculty of Earth resources China University of Geosciences

Going deep has been the strategy for the sustainable development of the Tahe *** the TS1 well in block 1,which revealed excellent combinations of hydrocarbon generation,migration and accumulation in the deeper parts of the Tarim Basin,the TS2 well was drilled to learn more about the prospectivity in the deeper parts of the main blocks of the Tahe *** core samples were collected to perform fluid inclusion studies,including petrography,fluorescence microspectrometry,and *** results show that the deeper parts of the Tahe Oilfield have a good hydrocarbon *** Cambrian source rocks can supply sufficient oil for not only the Cambrian reservoirs,but also for the Lower Ordovician *** CambrianOrdovician carbonates reservoirs experienced at least three oil charging events and one late gas charging *** accumulations formed in the early stage of basin evolution were likely destroyed in the late stage with deep burial,tectonic movements,or invasion of hydrothermal ***,the deep hydrocarbon exploration of the Tahe Oilfield,even the whole Tarim Basin,should focus on gas accumulations,although oil accumulations,especially in Cambrian reservoirs,cannot be neglected.

关键词： hydrocarbon inclusion Cambrian-Ordovician carbonates reservoir hydrocarbonprospect Tahe Oilfield Tarim Basin

Molecular insight into the oil displacement mechanism of CO_(2) flooding in the nanopores of shale oil reservoir

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petroleum Science 2023年第6期20卷 3516-3529页

作者： Xiao-Hu Dong Wen-Jing Xu Hui-Qing Liu Zhang-Xing Chen Ning Lu State key laboratory of petroleum resources and Engineering China University of PetroleumBeijing102249China MOE key laboratory of petroleum Engineering China University of PetroleumBeijing102249China Department of Chemical and petroleum Engineering University of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaT2N 1N4Canada

With the increasing demand for petroleum,shale oil with considerable reserves has become an important part of global oil *** shale oil reservoir has a large number of nanopores and a complicated mineral composition,and the effect of nanopore confinement and pore type usually makes the effective development of shale oil *** a shale oil reservoir,CO_(2) flooding can effectively reduce the oil viscosity and improve the reservoir properties,which can thus improve the recovery *** this study,the method of non-equilibrium molecular dynamics(NEMD)simulation is used to simulate the CO_(2) flooding process in the nanoscale pores of shale oil *** performance difference between the organic kerogen slit nanopore and four types of inorganic nanopores is ***,the effects of nanopore type and displacement velocity on the nanoscale displacement behavior of CO_(2) are *** indicate that the CO_(2) flooding process of different inorganic pores is *** comparison,the displacement efficiency of light oil components is higher,and the transport distance is *** intermolecular interaction can significantly affect the CO_(2) displacement behavior in *** CO_(2) displacement efficiency is shown as montmorillonite,feldspar>quartz>calcite>*** the other hand,it is found that a lower displacement velocity can benefit the miscibility process between alkane and CO_(2),which is conducive to the overall displacement process of CO_(2).The displacement efficiency can significantly decrease with the increase in displacement *** once the displacement velocity is very high,the strong driving force can promote the alkane to move forward,and the displacement efficiency will recover *** study further reveals the microscopic oil displacement mechanism of CO_(2) in shale nanopores,which is of great significance for the effective development of shale oil reservoirs by using the method of CO_(2) in

关键词： Displacement behavior Nanopores NEMD simulation Shale oil CO_(2) Kerogen

Modeling of multiphase flow in low permeability porous media:Effect of wettability and pore structure properties

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第4期16卷 1127-1139页

作者： Xiangjie Qin Yuxuan Xia Juncheng Qiao Jiaheng Chen Jianhui Zeng Jianchao Cai National key laboratory of petroleum resources and Engineering China University of PetroleumBeijing102249China Research Institute of petroleum Exploration and Development Beijing10083China

Multiphase flow in low permeability porous media is involved in numerous energy and environmental ***,a complete description of this process is challenging due to the limited modeling scale and the effects of complex pore structures and *** address this issue,based on the digital rock of low permeability sandstone,a direct numerical simulation is performed considering the interphase drag and boundary slip to clarify the microscopic water-oil displacement *** addition,a dual-porosity pore network model(PNM)is constructed to obtain the water-oil relative permeability of the *** displacement efficiency as a recovery process is assessed under different wetting and pore structure *** show that microscopic displacement mechanisms explain the corresponding macroscopic relative *** injected water breaks through the outlet earlier with a large mass flow,while thick oil films exist in rough hydrophobic surfaces and poorly connected *** variation of water-oil relative permeability is significant,and residual oil saturation is high in the oil-wet *** flooding is extensive,and the residual oil is trapped in complex pore networks for hydrophilic pore surfaces;thus,water relative permeability is lower in the water-wet *** the displacement efficiency is the worst in mixed-wetting systems for poor water *** negatively correlates with invading oil volume fraction due to strong capillary resistance,and a large microporosity corresponds to low residual oil *** work provides insights into the water-oil flow from different modeling perspectives and helps to optimize the development plan for enhanced recovery.

关键词： Low permeability porous media Water-oil flow Wettability Pore structures Dual porosity pore network model(PNM) Free surface model

A Quantitative Method for Characterizing Transport Capability of Compound Hydrocarbon Carrier System

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Journal of Earth Science 2013年第3期24卷 328-342页

作者：雷裕红罗晓容张立宽程明宋成鹏 key laboratory of petroleum resources Research Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Research Institute of petroleum Exploration & Development PetroChina

The occurrence of hydrocarbon migration in petroliferous basins depends on the balance of driving force and resistance of carriers, which restricts mostly the quantity and positions of hydrocarbon accumulation. The driving forces of hydrocarbon migration have been quantitatively studied, whereas the migration pathways and carriers were only qualitatively discussed up to now. Establishing a compound hydrocarbon carrier system and quantitatively characterizing its transport capability are significant for understanding the dynamic process of hydrocarbon migration and revealing the hydrocarbon accumulation characteristics. It has become an innovatory trend and also a difficult topic in study of hydrocarbon migration. In this article, a method is described for using displacement pressure to quantitatively characterize the transport capability of the compound carrier system, which composed of sandstone carriers, unconformities and faults. When the weathered and leached zone rarely developed, the basal conglomerate or transgressive sandstone of unconformities can be treated as part of sandstone carriers. An empirical relationship among core porosity, air permeability, and the pore aperture radius corresponding to a mercury saturation of 10% （r 10 ） can be obtained by multiple regression. Using porosity and permeability inversed by seismic data, the displacement pressure of sandstone carriers can be calculated by the empirical relationship and Washburn Equation. Displacement pressure of fault plane can be estimated by the regression formula between fault opening index （FOI） and hydrocarbon column height it can support. This method is applied in the eastern part of south slope in Dongying （东营） depression, Bohai （渤海） Bay Basin, China, to quantitatively characterize thetransport capability of the compound carrier system of Shahejie （沙河街） Formation. The results have good agreement with data from drilling wells. This method may be a step further in study of compound hydrocarbon

关键词： hydrocarbon carrier system quantitative characterization transport capability Dongying depression displacement pressure.

Tectonics-palaeogeomorphology in rift basins: controlling effect on the sequence architecture

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petroleum Science 2013年第4期10卷 458-465页

作者： Ji Hancheng Jia Haibo Sun Simin Chen Liang Tang Yang Chen Wei Geng Yikai Zhou Hang State key laboratory of petroleum resources and Prospecting China University of Petroleum Geological Research Institute of Jiangsu Oilfield Branch Company SINOPEC

The relationship between deposition and tectonics of sedimentary basins has been a significant subject in recent *** typical rift basins such as the Nanpu Sag as an example,combined with the analysis of the tectonics-palaeogeomorphology of basins,we undertook a detailed study of the differences of the third-order sequences in different basins,the combination of depositional systems within the sequence framework and the distribution of depocenters and subsidence *** results revealed a significant relationship between the tectonics-palaeogeomorphology of rift basins and the filling styles of sedimentary *** basin structure plays a primary role in controlling the development of the third-order sequences and the boundary of these sequences is easily formed in basins with gentle slopes,shallow water and a small *** characteristics of the tectonics-palaeogeomorphology of rift basins are dominated by half-grabens of extensional faults,which affect the temporal and spatial combination of sedimentary systems within the sequences as well as the distribution of depocenters and subsidence *** on the development rules of the faults dominating the half-grabens of extensional faults,rift basins are classified into two types： the single fault segmented-linkage type and the multi-fault combination *** main controlling factors of the temporal and spatial combination of sedimentary systems and the distribution of depocenters and subsidence centers in different basins are *** characteristics of early segmentation and later linkage of the faults play a critical role in controlling the sedimentary system combination within the sequence framework and the temporal and spatial differences of depocenters and subsidence centers of the single fault segmented-linkage rift basins,while the differences in fault activities are the dominating factors of the multi-fault combination rift basins.

关键词： Tectonics-palaeogeomorphology sequence architecture extensional half-graben Nanpu Sag

En Echelon Faults and Basin Structure in Huizhou Sag, South China Sea: Implications for the Tectonics of the SE Asia

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Journal of Earth Science 2015年第5期26卷 690-699页

作者： Boubacar Hamidou Leyla Jianye Ren Jing Zhang Chao Lei key laboratory of Tectonics and petroleum resources of Ministry of Education China University of Geosciences Faculty of Earth resources China University of Geosciences

The Huizhou sag is situated on the continental shelf of the northern continental margin of the South China Sea. In this paper we present a grid of reflection seismic and well data to characterize the basin structure and prominent unconformities. We employ EBM and 2DMOVE softwares to explore the subsidence history and stratigraphic development history of the basin. We found a rapid subsidence period since 15.5 Ma. Moreover, we calculated the stretching factors of the upper crust and the whole crust in the Huizhou sag. The results show the values are 1.10–1.13 and 1.08–1.31, respectively, indicating faulting in Huizhou sag is relatively small. It is noteworthy that the faults map reveals en echelon distribution at the north and south margins of the basin. We suggest en echelon faults here are caused by the subduction of Proto-South China Sea toward NW Borneo block and cease of the South China Sea. Considering the pronounced unconformities, subsidence rates, fault activities and sediment thickness, the Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the basin can be divided into rifting（49–32 Ma）, post-rifted（32–15.5 Ma） and rapid subsidence（15.5–0 Ma） stages. Our study will shed new light on the tectonics of SE Asia and petroleum exploration in the South China Sea.

关键词： South China Sea Pearl River Mouth Basin basement subsidence en echelon faults

Quantitative Analysis Model and Application of the Hydrocarbon Distribution Threshold

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2013年第1期87卷 232-242页

作者： JIANG Fujie PANG Xiongqi GUO Jigang State key laboratory of Oil & Gas resources and Prospecting China University of Petroleum Basin and Reservoir Research Center China University of Petroleum

Hydrocarbon source rock obviously controls the formation and distribution of hydrocarbon reservoirs. Based on the geological concept of ＂source control theory＂, the concept of a hydrocarbon distribution threshold was put forward. This means the maximum range for hydrocarbon controlled by the source rock conditions to migrate in the hydrocarbon basins. Three quantitative analysis models are proposed on this basis, namely the hydrocarbon accumulation probability, maximum hydrocarbon scale threshold and reserve distribution probability, which respectively refer to the probability of forming a hydrocarbon reservoir, the possible maximum scale of the hydrocarbon reservoir and the percentage of reserve distribution in a certain area within the hydrocarbon distribution threshold. Statistical analysis on 539 hydrocarbon reservoirs discovered in 28 hydrocarbon source kitchens from seven sedimentary basins and sags of eastern China shows the maximum reservoir scale possibly formed in the hydrocarbon basin, hydrocarbon accumulation probability and oil and gas reserve distribution probability are all controlled by the characteristics of the hydrocarbon source rock. Generally, as the distances from the hydrocarbon source rock center and hydrocarbon discharge boundary get longer and the hydrocarbon discharge intensity of hydrocarbon source rock center gets smaller, there will be lower probability of hydrocarbon accumulation. Corresponding quantitative models are established based on single factor statistics and multivariate analysis. Practical application in the Jiyang Depression shows that the prediction from the quantitative analysis model for the hydrocarbon distribution threshold agree well with the actual exploration results, indicating that the quantitative analysis model is likely to be a feasible tool.

关键词： source control theory scale threshold distribution threshold Jiyang Depression,hydrocarbon discharge threshold probability

A nonparametric spectrum estimation method for dispersion and attenuation analysis of borehole acoustic measurements

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petroleum Science 2023年第1期20卷 241-248页

作者： Bing Wang Wei Li Qing Ye Kun-Yu Ma State key laboratory of petroleum resources and Prospecting China University of PetroleumBeijing102249China Beijing Research Center Aramco AsiaBeijing100102China

Dispersion and attenuation analysis can be used to determine formation anisotropy induced by fractures,or *** this paper,we propose a nonparametric spectrum estimation method to get phase dispersion characteristics and attenuation *** designing an appropriate vector filter,phase velocity,attenuation coefficient and amplitude can be inverted from the waveform recorded by the receiver *** analysis of this algorithm is compared with Extended Prony Method(EPM)and Forward and Backward Matrix Pencil(FBMP)*** on the analysis results,the proposed method is capable of achieving high resolution and precision as the parametric spectrum estimation *** the meantime,it also keeps high stability as the other nonparametric spectrum estimation *** last,applications to synthetic waveforms modeled using finite difference method and real data show its *** real data processing results show that the P-wave attenuation log is more sensitive to oil formation compared to S-wave;and the S-wave attenuation log is more sensitive to shale formation compared to P-wave.

关键词： Dispersion analysis Attenuation factor Nonparametric spectrum estimation method Acoustic logging Fluid type evaluation