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Influences of the 11-yr Sunspot cycle and Polar Vortex Oscillation on Observed Winter Temperature Variations in China

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2018年第3期32卷 367-379页

作者： Chunhui LU Botao ZHOU laboratory for Climate Studies National Climate CenterChina Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081 Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044

Using the NCEP-2 reanalysis data in 1979-2015, we analyze variations in the coupled stratosphere-troposphere system and attribute them to the polar vortex oscillation(PVO) and the 11-yr sunspot cycle(SC). Subsequently, influences of PVO and SC on the near-ground temperature and extreme temperatures are diagnosed based on observations at 2419 surface stations in China over the same period. Empirical Orthogonal Function(EOF) analysis of geopotential height(GH) anomalies indicates that the first and second EOF modes together can explain nearly 50% of the total variance and they have different driving sources, active periods, and regions. The first EOF mode mainly represents variation characteristics of the polar vortex, and its active periods appear in late winter. It is found that a weakened polar vortex(larger amplitude in the positive time series of the first mode) corresponds to lower daily mean, minimum, and maximum temperatures and more frequent cold nights and days. This cooling effect mainly occur in northeastern China. The second EOF mode is closely related to the SC, and its major active periods are late autumn and early winter. The results reveal that strong solar activity(larger amplitude in the positive time series of the second mode) leads to cooling effects in northern China through accelerating seasonal transformation of the stratospheric circulation and enhancing intensity of the subtropical westerly jet in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. The near-ground temperature is lower than usual, especially for daily mean and minimum temperatures. The number of warm nights and days is significantly reduced, and cold nights and days become more frequent. Therefore,the first and second EOF mode time series of GH anomalies can be used as indices of PVO and solar activity, respectively; and can provide indications of winter cooling processes in China.

关键词： 11-yr sunspot cycle polar vortex oscillation extreme temperature indices cooling process

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Decoding altitude-activated regulatory mechanisms occurring during apple peel ripening

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Horticulture Research 2020年第1期7卷 1149-1160页

作者： Evangelos Karagiannis Michail Michailidis Georgia Tanou Federico Scossa Eirini Sarrou George Stamatakis Martina Samiotaki Stefan Martens Alisdair R.Fernie Athanassios Molassiotis laboratory of Pomology Department of AgricultureAristotle University of Thessaloniki54124 ThessalonikiGreece Institute of Soil and water Resources ELGO-DEMETERThermiThessaloniki 57001Greece Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology Am Müehlenberg 1.Potsdam-Golm 14476Germany Council for Agricultural Research and Economics Research Center for Genomics and BioinformaticsVia Ardeatina 54600178 RomeItaly Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources ELGO-DEMETERThermiThessaloniki 57001Greece Biomedical Sciences Research Center“Alexander Fleming” Vari 16672Greece Fondazione Edmund Mach Centro Ricerca e InnovazioneDepartment of Food Quality and NutritionVia E.Mach138010 San Michele all’AdigeTNItaly

Apple(Malus domestica Borkh)is an important fruit crop cultivated in a broad range of environmental *** fruit ripening is a physiological process,whose molecular regulatory network response to different environments is still not sufficiently investigated and this is particularly true of the peel *** this study,the influence of environmental conditions associated with low(20 m)and high(750 m)altitude on peel tissue ripening was assessed by physiological measurements combined with metabolomic and proteomic analyses during apple fruit development and *** apple fruit ripening was itself not affected by the different environmental conditions,several key color parameters,such as redness and color index,were notably induced by high *** with this observation,increased levels of anthocyanin and other phenolic compounds,including cyanidin-3-O-galactoside,quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside,quercetin-3-O-rutinoside,and chlorogenic acid were identified in the peel of apple grown at high ***,the high-altitude environment was characterized by elevated abundance of various carbohydrates(e.g.,arabinose,xylose,and sucrose)but decreased levels of glutamic acid and several related proteins,such as glycine hydroxymethyltransferase and glutamate–glyoxylate *** processes affected by high altitude were the TCA cycle,the synthesis of oxidative/defense enzymes,and the accumulation of photosynthetic *** the obtained data we were able to construct a metabolite-protein network depicting the impact of altitude on peel *** combined analyses presented here provide new insights into physiological processes linking apple peel ripening with the prevailing environmental conditions.

关键词： altitude network prevailing

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The biogeochemistry of carbon cycle in summer of the Prydz Bay, Antarctic Ⅰ:Characteristics of DOC distribution

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Chinese Journal of Polar Science 2004年第1期15卷 47-54页

作者：扈传昱潘建明刘小涯张海生 Second Institute of Oceanography SOA Key Lab of Submarine Geosciences of SOA Hangzhou 310012

The distributions and changes of dissolved organic carbon in the Prydz Bay and out open sea were investigated during CHINARE-15 (the 15th Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition). The results showed that the content of DOC was higher in the Prydz Bay and outer open sea compared to those typical of surface oceanic levels (70- 80 μM), average content of DOC in the surface water was 102.32 μM, the range was 68.23- 125.92 μM. The vertical distribution of DOC in the water column was similar to many ocean sites, that is to say, the content of upper water is higher than deep water, a subsurface maximum persisted between 25- 50 m. The DOC pool in the Prydz Bay were consisted with labile, semi-labile and refractory pools, in which refractory pools was mainly part. The concentration of refractory DOC was 92.34 and 76.89 μM in Prydz Bay and outer open sea, and account 77% and 82% for total DOC, respectively.

关键词： distribution of DOC Prydz Bay Antarctic.

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Research on the effects of heating and cooling processes on the mechanical properties of yellow rust granite

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Geohazard Mechanics 2023年第3期1卷 231-243页

作者： Luming Zhou Zhende Zhu Erkan Oterkus Selda Oterkus Huicong Xu key laboratory of Ministry of Education for Geomechanics and Embankment Engineering Hohai UniversityNanjing210098China Peridynamics Research Center Department of Naval ArchitectureOcean and Marine EngineeringUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowG40LZUK Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of StrathclydeGlasgowG11XJUK

Geological hazards caused by high-temperature rocks cooling down after encountering water are closely related to underground mining and tunneling *** fully understand the impact of temperature changes on the mechanical properties of rocks,yellow rust granite samples were subjected to heating-natural cooling and heating-water cooling cycles to experimentally study the effects of these processes on the mechanical properties of the *** mechanism of the heating-cooling process on the macromechanical properties of the rock was *** on the Drucker-Prager criterion and Weibull distribution function,a damage variable correction factor was introduced to reflect the post-peak strain softening characteristics,and a thermo-mechanical coupled damage constitutive model of the granite was *** results showed that in the natural cooling mode,the mechanical properties deteriorate significantly when the temperature exceeded 600C,and the failure mode changed from brittle failure to ductile *** the water cooling mode,the peak strength and deformation modulus increased at temperatures below 400C with an increase in the cycle number,while at 600C,the peak strength and elastic modulus notably *** peak strain increased with the increase of the cycle number and temperature at all temperatures,and the failure mode of the granite tended to change from tensile failure mode to shear failure *** experimental results were used to validate the damage constitutive *** shape parameter r and scale parameter S in the Weibull distribution function of the model were used as indicators to reflect the brittleness degree and peak *** study helps to understand the behavior of rocks in hightemperature environments,in order to prevent and mitigate potential geological hazards.

关键词： Granite Natural cooling water cooling cycle Mechanical characteristics Damage constitutive model

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Freeze-thaw processes of active-layer soils in the Nanweng'he River National Natural Reserve in the Da Xing'anling Mountains,northern Northeast China

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Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2018年第2期10卷 104-113页

作者： RuiXia He HuiJun Jin XiaoLi Chang YongPing Wang LiZhong Wang State key laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouGansu 730000China School of Civil Engineering Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbinHeilongjiang 150090China Hunan University of Science and Technology XiangtanHunan 411201China School of Civil Engineering North University of NationalitiesYinchuanNingxia 750030China Nenjiangyuan Forest Ecosystem Research Station Institute of Agriculture and ForestryDa Xing'anling Forestry GroupJiagedaqiHeilongjiang 165000China

The active-layer soils overlying the permafrost are the most thermodynamically active zone of rock or soil and play important roles in the earth-atmosphere energy system. The processes of thawing and freezing and their associated complex hydrothermal coupling can significantly affect variation in mean annual temperatures and the formation of ground ice in permafrost regions. Using soil-temperature and-moisture data obtained from the active layer between September 2011 and October 2014 in the permafrost region of the Nanweng'he River in the Da Xing'anling Mountains, the freeze-thaw characteristics of the permafrost were studied. Based on analysis of ground-temperature variation and hydrothermal transport characteristics, the thawing and freezing processes of the active layer were divided into three stages:(1) autumn-winter freezing,(2) winter freeze-up, and(3) spring-summer thawing. Variations in the soil temperature and moisture were analyzed during each stage of the freeze-thaw process, and the effects of the soil moisture and ground vegetation on the freeze-thaw are discussed in this paper. The study's results show that thawing in the active layer was unidirectional, while the ground freezing was bidirectional(upward from the bottom of the active layer and downward from the ground surface).During the annual freeze-thaw cycle, the migration of soil moisture had different characteristics at different stages. In general, during a freezing-thawing cycle, the soil-water molecules migrate downward, i.e., soil moisture transports from the entire active layer to the upper limit of the permafrost. In the meantime, freeze-thaw in the active layer can be significantly affected by the soil-moisture content and vegetation.

关键词： Nanweng'he River National Natural Reserve active layer freeze-thawing processes moisture content vegetation effect

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Origin and three-dimensional fluorescence spectrum of the chromophoric dissolved organic matter in Yangtze estuary, East China

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Chinese Journal Of Geochemistry 2006年第B8期25卷 262-262页

作者： Fan YANG Qinghui HUANG Jianhua LI Xiaomin ZHU key laboratory of Yangtze Aquatic Environment of Ministry of Education College of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai200092 China

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Carbon sequestration and emissions mitigation in paddy fields based on the DNDC model: A review

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Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture 2020年第1期4卷 140-149页

作者： Shan Yin Xianxian Zhang Junyao Lyu Yuee Zhi Feng Chen Longqin Wang Chunjiang Liu Sheng Zhou School of Agriculture and Biology Shanghai Jiao Tong University800 Dongchuan Rd.Shanghai 200240China Eco-Environmental Protection Research Institute Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences1000 Jinqi RdShanghai 201403China Shanghai Yangtze River Delta Eco-environmental Change and Management Observation and Research Station Ministry of Education800 Dongchuan RdShanghai 200240China Shanghai Urban Forest Ecosystem Research Station National Forestry and Grassland Administration800 Dongchuan Rd.Shanghai 200240China key laboratory for Urban Agriculture Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs800 Dongchuan Rd.Shanghai 200240China Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Low-carbon Agriculture(SERCLA) 1000 Jinqi RdShanghai 201403China Shanghai Chongming Modern Agricultural Park Management Committee 2 Chongming Beishougeng RdShanghai 202163China Shanghai Songlin Food(Group)CO.LTD 2268 East Rongle RdShanghai 201613China

The DeNitrification–DeComposition(DNDC)model is a process model with a series of carbon and nitrogen biogeochemistry in *** incorporates the driving factors of the ecological environment and aims to simulate the carbon and nitrogen cycle in the terrestrial ***,the model can be applied effectively in a paddy *** on an investigation and literature review,this study summarized and analyzed the impact of agricultural practices such aswatermanagement,fertilizer application,and strawincorporation on greenhouse gas emissions and soil carbon *** years of improvement,the DNDC model can presently be used effectively to evaluate the carbon sequestration and emissions mitigation potential of various agricultural ***,the related details of scientific processes of agricultural management,such as biochar incorporation and plastic mulching in paddy fields,should be added or modified and combined with experimental cases of actual agricultural practices to complete the calibration of the model,provide theoretical support for its promotion,and establish a reliable method of evaluating carbon sequestration and emissions mitigation in paddy fields.

关键词： Soil organic carbon Greenhouse gas emissions Exogenous carbon addition Tillage practices water and fertilizer management

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Global significance of the carbon cycle in the karst dynamic system:evidence from geological and ecological processes

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China Geology 2018年第1期1卷 17-27页

作者： Jian-hua Cao Xia Wu Fen Huang Bill Hu Chris Groves Hui Yang Chun-lai Zhang Institute of Karst Geology CAGSKarst Dynamics LaboratoryMNRGuilin 541004China International Research Center on Karst UNESCOGuilin 541004China National Center for International Research of Karst Dynamic System and Global Change Guilin 541004China Florida State University TallahasseeFL 32395USA Western Kentucky University Bowling GreenKY42101USA

On the basis of proposing the existence of a karst carbon cycle and carbon sink at a watershed scale,this paper provides four pieces of evidence for;the integration of geology and ecology during the carbon cycle processes m the karst dynamic system,and estxmated the karst carbon sink effect using the methods of comparative monitoring of paired watersheds and the carbon stable isotope tracer *** results of the soil carbon cycle in Maocun,Guilin,showed that the soil carbon cycle in the karst area,the weathering and dissolution of carbonate rocks under the soil,resulted in a lower soil respiration of 25% in the karstoarea than in a non-karst area (sandstone and shale),and the carbon isotope results indicated that 13.46% of the heavy carbon of the hmestone is involved in the soil carbon *** comparative monitoring results m paxred watersheds,suggesting that the HCO3 concentration m a karst spring is 10 times that of a rivulet in a non-karst area,while the concentration of inorganic carbon flux is 23.8 *** both chemical stoichiometry and carbon stable isotopes,the proportion of carbon in karst springs derived from carbonate rocks was found to be 58.52% and 37.65% *** comparison on carbon exchange and isotopes at the water-gas interface between the granite and carbonate rock basins in the Li River showed that the CO2 emission of the karst water is 10.92 times that of the allogenic water from the non-karst area,while the carbon isotope of HCO3^- in karst water is lighter by 8.62%.However,this does not mean that the karst water body has a larger carbon source *** the contrary,it means the karst water body has a greater karst carbon sink *** the karst subterranean stream in Zhaidi,Guilin,is exposed at the surface,carbon-rich karst water stimulated the growth of aquatic *** values of carbon stable isotopes in the same species of submerged plants gradually becomes heavier and heavier,and the 512 m flow process has a maxim

关键词： Karst carbon cycle Carbon stable isotope Carbon sink effect Submerged plants Guilin

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