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Strengthening the three-dimensional comprehensive observation system of multi-layer interaction on the Tibetan Plateau to cope with the warming and wetting trend

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Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2022年第4期15卷 67-71页

作者： Yaoming Ma Binbin Wang Xuelong Chen Lei Zhong Zeyong Hu Weiqiang Ma Cunbo Han Maoshan Li Land–Atmosphere Interaction and its Climatic Effects Group State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth SystemResources and Environment(TPESRE)Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina College of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina College of Atmospheric Science Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina National Observation and Research Station for Qomolongma Special Atmospheric processes and Environmental Changes DingriChina Kathmandu Center of Research and Education Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina China–Pakistan Joint Research Center on Earth Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesIslamabadPakistan School of Earth and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina CAS Center for Excellence in Comparative Planetology USTCHefeiChina Frontiers Science Center for Planetary Exploration and Emerging Technologies University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Climate Change NanjingChina key laboratory of Land surface Process and Climate Change in Cold and Arid Regions Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouChina School of Atmospheric Science Chengdu University of Information TechnologyChengduChina

Changes in the water cycle on the Tibetan Plateau(TP)have a significant impact on local agricultural production and livelihoods and its downstream *** the background of widely reported warming and wetting,the hydrological cycle has accelerated and the likelihood of extreme weather events and natural disasters occurring(i.e.,snowstorms,floods,landslides,mudslides,and ice avalanches)has also intensified,especially in the highelevation mountainous ***,an accurate estimation of the intensity and variation of each component of the water cycle is an urgent scientific question for the assessment of plateau environmental *** the transformation and movement of water between the atmosphere,biosphere and hydrosphere,the authors highlight the urgent need to strengthen the three-dimensional comprehensive observation system(including the eddy covariance system;planetary boundary layer tower;profile measurements of temperature,humidity,and wind by microwave radiometers,wind profiler,and radiosonde system;and cloud and precipitation radars)in the TP region and propose a practical implementation *** construction of such a three-dimensional observation system is expected to promote the study of environmental changes and natural hazards prevention.

关键词： Plateau warming and wetting Hydrological cycle Three-dimensional comprehensive observation system of multi-layer interaction Mountain-disaster response Tibetan Plateau

Short-term variations of vapor isotope ratios re- veal the influence of atmospheric processes

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2011年第3期21卷 401-416页

作者： ZHANG Shichun SUN Xiaomin WANG Jianlin YU Guirui WEN Xuefa key laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research CAS Beijing 100101 China key laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology CAS Changchun 130012 China Qingdao Agricultural University Qingdao 266109 Shandong China

Stable isotopes of atmospheric water vapor reveal rich information on water movement and phase changes in the atmosphere. Here we presented two nearly continuous time-series of δD and δ18O of atmospheric water vapor （δv） measured at hourly intervals in surface air in Beijing and above a winter wheat canopy in Shijiazhuang using in-situ measurement technique. During the precipitation events, the δv values in both Beijing and Shijiazhuang were in the state of equilibrium with precipitation water, revealing the influence of precipitation processes. However, the δv departures from the equilibrium state were positively correlated with local relative humidity. Note that the δv tended to enrich in Beijing, but deplete in Shijiazhuang during the precipitation events, which mainly resulted from the influence of transpiration processes that enriched the δv in Shijiazhuang. On seasonal time-scale, the δv values were log-linear functions of water vapor mixing ratios in both Beijing and Shijiazhuang. The water vapor mixing ratio was an excellent predictor of the δv by the Rayleigh distillation mechanisms, indicating that air mass advection could also play an important role in determining the δv. On a diurnal time-scale, the δv reached the minimum in the early afternoon hours in Beijing which was closely related to the atmospheric processes of boundary layer entrainment. During the peak of growing season of winter wheat, however, the δv reached the minimum in the early morning, and increased gradually through the daytime, and reached the maximum in the late afternoon, which was responsible by the interaction between boundary layer entrainment and the local atmospheric processes, such as transpiration and dew formation. This study has the implications for the important role of vegetation in determining the surface δv and highlights the need to conduct δv measurement on short-term （e.g. diurnal） time scales.

关键词： stables isotopes atmospheric water vapor precipitation TDLAS

Subdaily to Seasonal Change of surface Energy and water Flux of the Haihe River Basin in China: Noah and Noah-MP Assessment

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2019年第1期36卷 79-92页

作者： Fuqiang YANG Li DAN Jing PENG Xiujing YANG Yueyue LI Dongdong GAO key laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment for Temperate East Asia Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Atmospheric Sciences Chengdu University of Information Technology

The land surface processes of the Noah-MP and Noah models are evaluated over four typical landscapes in the Haihe River Basin(HRB) using in-situ observations. The simulated soil temperature and moisture in the two land surface models(LSMs) is consistent with the observation, especially in the rainy season. The models reproduce the mean values and seasonality of the energy fluxes of the croplands, despite the obvious underestimated total evaporation. Noah shows the lower deep soil temperature. The net radiation is well simulated for the diurnal time scale. The daytime latent heat fluxes are always underestimated, while the sensible heat fluxes are overestimated to some degree. Compared with Noah, Noah-MP has improved daily average soil heat flux with diurnal variations. Generally, Noah-MP performs fairly well for different landscapes of the HRB. The simulated cold bias in soil temperature is possibly linked with the parameterized partition of the energy into surface fluxes. Thus, further improvement of these LSMs remains a major challenge.

关键词： land surface model Haihe River Basin soil temperature soil moisture surface energy flux seasonal cycle

Hydrology and water resources variation and its response to regional climate change in Xinjiang

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2010年第4期20卷 599-612页

作者： XU Changchun CHEN Yaning YANG Yuhui HAO Xingming SHEN Yongping key laboratory of Oasis Ecology and Desert Environment Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography CAS Urumqi 830011 China key laboratory of Oasis Ecology School of Resources and Environmental Science Xinjiang University Urumqi 830046 China Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute CAS Lanzhou 730000 China

Based on the surface runoff, temperature and precipitation data over the last 50 years from eight representative rivers in Xinjiang, using Mann-Kendall trend and jump detection method, the paper investigated the long-term trend and jump point of time series, the surface runoff, mean annual temperature and annual precipitation. Meanwhile, the paper analyzed the relationship between runoff and temperature and precipitation, and the flood frequency and peak flow. Results showed that climate of all parts of Xinjiang conformably has experienced an increase in temperature and precipitation since the mid-1980s. Northern Xinjiang was the area that changed most significantly followed by southern and eastern Xinjiang. Affected by temperature and precipitation variation, river runoff had changed both inter-annually and intra-annually. The surface runoff of most rivers has increased significantly since the early 1990s, and some of them have even witnessed the earlier spring floods, later summer floods and increasing flood peaks. The variation characteristics were closely related with the replenishment types of rivers. Flood frequency and peak flow increased all over Xinjiang. Climate warming has had an effect on the regional hydrological cycle.

关键词： hydrology and water resources climate change Xinjiang

water resource formation and conversion and water security in arid region of Northwest China

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2016年第7期26卷 939-952页

作者：陈亚宁李宝富李稚李卫红 State key laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography CAS College of Geography and Tourism Qufu Normal University

Climate change and water resource issues are global problems of common concern to the international community, and they are major bottlenecks affecting the eco-environment and sustainable socio-economic development in the arid region of Northwest China. On the basis of results from previous studies, this paper points out that the unique landscape of Northwest China increases the complexity and uncertainty of the climate system. This paper analyzes the key constraints on socio-economic development and ecological security in the region, discusses the impact of climate change on water resources in Northwest China, identifies common themes and the main problems present in research on climate change and water resources in the arid northwest region, and finally, based on the importance and urgency of conducting research on the region＇s water resources, proposes scientific problems that need to be addressed： first, the impact of climate change on the formation, conversion and future trends of water resources in the region; second, bidirectional coupling of high-resolution regional climate models and water cycle models of arid region land surface patterns; third, the impact of climate change and human activities on water resources of the arid northwest region. Through consideration and discussion of the above, this paper seeks to further clarify specific areas of research on pressing issues related to climate change and water resources in Northwest China, so as to establish a solid scientific basis for significantly enhancing our ability to respond to climate change and water shortages.

关键词： climate change water resources arid areas Northwest China

The interaction between ADAM22 and 14-3-3β

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2002年第6期45卷 577-582页

作者：朱鹏程桑瑛颖徐人尔赵璟李昌本赵寿元 State key laboratory of Genetic Engineering Institute of Genetics Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China

The distribution of radioactive pollutants, such as ^(222)Rn, U, Th and ^(226)Ra in the air, sur- face waters, soils and crops around the Lincang uranium mine, Yunnan Province, China, is studied The mechanical, geochemical and biogeochemical processes responsible for the transport and fate of the radioactive elements are discussed based on the monitoring data. The pollutants con- centrations of effluents from the mine tunnels were dependent on pH and SO_4^(2-) which were con- trolled by biochemical oxidation of sulfide in the ore/host rocks. Radon anomalies in air reached 4 km from the tailings pile depending on radon release from the site, topography and climate. ^(238)U and ^(226)Ra abnormities in stream sediments and soil were 40-90 cm deep and 790-800 m away downstream. Anomalies of radioactive contaminants of surface watercourses extended 7.5-13 km from the discharge of effluents of the site mainly depending on mechanical and chemical proc- esses. There were about 2.86 ha rice fields and 1.59 km stream sediments contaminated. Erosion of tailings and mining debris with little or no containment or control accelerated the contamination processes.

关键词： radioactive contamination uranium production air surface water soil crop.

NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF EFFECTS OF LAND surface processes ON CLIMATE——IMPLEMENTING OF SSiB IN IAP/LASG AGCM AND ITS PERFORMANCE

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Acta meteorologica Sinica 2001年第2期15卷 160-177页

作者：孙岚吴国雄孙菽芬 Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Beijing 100081 National key laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics(LASG) Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029

This is an investigation of exchanges of energy and water between the atmosphere and the vegetated continents,and the impact of and mechanisms for land surface-atmosphere interactions on hydrological cycle and general circulation by implementing the Simplified Simple Biosphere (SSiB)model in a modified version of IAP/LASG global spectral general model(L9R15 AGCM). This study reveals that the SSiB model produces a better partitioning of the land surface heat and moisture fluxes and its diurnal variations,and also gives the transport of energy and water among atmosphere,vegetation and soil explicitly and *** the coupled SSiB-AGCM runs lead to the more conspicuous improvement in the simulated circulation,precipitation,mean water vapor content and its *** in the Asian monsoon region in the real world than CTL-AGCM *** is also pointed out that both the implementation of land surface parameterizations and the variations in land surface into the GOALS model have greatly improved hydrological balance over continents and have a significant impact on the simulated climate. particularly over the massive continents. Improved precipitation recycling model was employed to verify the mechanisms for land surface hydrology parameterizations on hydrological cycle and precipitation climatology in AGCM. It can be argued that the recycling precipitation rate is significantly reduced,particularly in the arid and semi-arid region of the boreal summer hemisphere,coincident with remarkable reduction in evapotranspiration over the continental *** the coupled SSiB-AGCM runs reduce the bias of too much precipitation over land surface in most AGCMs,thereby bringing the simulated precipitation closer to observations in many continental regions of the world than CTL-AGCM runs.

关键词： coupled land-atmosphere model(SSiB-AGCM) improved precipitation recycling model precipitation recycling ratio hydrological balance simulated continental precipitation

Seasonal and Diurnal Variations of Cloud Systems over the Eastern Tibetan Plateau and East China:A Cloud-resolving Model Study

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2022年第7期39卷 1034-1049页

作者： Jinghua CHEN Xiaoqing WU Chunsong LU Yan YIN Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China key laboratory of Meteorology and Ecological Environment of Hebei Province Shijiazhuang 050022China Department of Geological and Atmospheric Sciences Iowa State UniversityAmesIowa 50011USA

The seasonal and diurnal variations of cloud systems are profoundly affected by the large-scale and local *** this study,a one-year-long simulation was conducted using a two-dimensional cloud-resolving model over the Eastern Tibetan Plateau(ETP)and two subregions of Eastern China:Southern East China and Central East *** convective clouds(DCCs)rarely occur in the cold season over ETP,whereas DCCs appear in Eastern China throughout the year,and the ETP DCCs are approximately 20%−30%shallower than those over Eastern *** strong rainfall events(precipitation intensity,PI>2.5 mm h−1)in Eastern China are related to warm-season DCCs with ice cloud *** of the high elevation of the ETP,the warm-season freezing level is lower than in Eastern China,providing favorable conditions for ice cloud *** are responsible for the diurnal variations of warm-season rainfall in all three ***-season DCCs over the ETP have the greatest total cloud water content and frequency in the afternoon,resulting in an afternoon rainfall *** addition,rainfall events in the ETP also exhibit a nocturnal peak in spring,summer,and autumn due to *** surface heat fluxes around noon can trigger or promote DCCs in spring,summer,and autumn over the ETP but produce only cumulus clouds in winter due to the cold and dry environment.

关键词： the Tibetan Plateau convective system seasonal variation diurnal variation

Influence of vegetation type and topographic position on volumetric soil water content dynamics and similarity among surface and deep soil layers

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International Soil and water Conservation Research 2023年第1期11卷 183-196页

作者： Muxing Liu Qiuyue Wang Jun Yi Hailin Zhang Ji Liu Wei Hu key laboratory for Geographical Process Analysis&Simulation Hubei ProvinceWuhan430079China College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Central China Normal UniversityWuhan430079China The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited Private Bag 4704Christchurch8140New Zealand

Clarifying the mechanisms governing volumetric soil water content(VSWC)dynamics in soil profiles is essential,as it can help to elucidate soil water transport processes and improve the prediction accuracy of soil hydrological *** Spearman's rank correlation and wavelet coherence analysis methods,similarity in soil profile VSWC dynamics and factors governing VSWC soil profile dynamics in upslopes and downslopes under three vegetation types(evergreen forest[EG],secondary deciduous forest mixed with shrubs[SDFS],and deforested pasture[DP])at different time scales(hourly,daily,weekly,and monthly)and in different seasons were *** results revealed significant similarity in the VSWC of different soil depths(Psurface and deep soil layers varied with the time scale,which was in the order of monthly(58.6%)>weekly(42.8%)>daily(21.8%).The effects of soil properties(e.g.,texture,saturated hydraulic conductivity),rainfall,and potential evapotranspiration(ET_(p))on VSWC similarity were related to the time scale and season in which VSWC monitoring took *** properties had apparent effects on VSWC similarity at longer time scales(i.e.,monthly),with a high *** contrast,the effects of rainfall and ET_(p) on VSWC similarity were concentrated at weekly and daily scales,with a relatively low *** and ET_(p) dominated VSWC dynamics in the summer and fall,*** results imply the use of measured VSWC at one soil depth to predict the VSWC at other soil depths was a reliable *** the in-fluence of time scale effects and seasonal variations on prediction accuracy of VSWC should be considered.

关键词： Volumetric soil water content Wavelet analysis Significant coherence area Time scale Vegetation type Slope postion