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Prospects of sediment deposition at small watershed scale in the black soil region of Northeast China: A mini review

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Pedosphere 2024年第1期34卷 30-35页

作者： Guanghui ZHANG Yang YANG Yingna LIU Zhiqiang WANG State key laboratory of Earth surface processes and Resource Ecology Faculty of Geographical ScienceBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China School of Geography Faculty of Geographical ScienceBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China

Sediment deposition is one of the most significant processes in small watersheds characterized by gentle long hillslopes in the black soil(Mollisol)region of Northeast China, as indicated by severe ephemeral gully and gully erosion on hillslopes and very low sediment concentrations in river *** reviews have been conducted to summarize the related research in this region. The objectives of this review were to identify the potential factors influencing sediment deposition, review related studies, and propose future research needs in the black soil region of Northeast China. Sediment deposition is controlled by the deficit between sediment transport capacity of flow and sediment load. Hence, all factors affecting flow transport capacity and sediment load directly affect sediment deposition. For a specific small watershed, the change in slope gradient along the flow path is the key factor affecting sediment deposition. Shelterbelts, ridge tillage systems, terraces, grass strips, road distribution, ponds and reservoirs, and land-use patterns also influence the spatial distribution and rate of deposition. The trace method has been widely used to quantify sediment deposition in this region. The results of cesium-137(^(137)Cs),lead-210(^(210)Pb), and magnetic susceptibility reveal that serious deposition occurs on the back and foot slopes. Distinct deposition occurs in front of contour shelterbelts. Future studies should focus on the methodology, spatial and temporal variations, dominant influencing factors and their mechanisms, and the potential effects on land productivity within specific small watersheds and across the black soil region. This review provides insights into the sediment deposition process in small watersheds characterized by gentle, long hillslopes.

关键词： Mollisol sedimentation soil and water conservation soil erosion soil redistribution

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Snowpack variations and their hazardous effects under climate warming in the central Tianshan Mountains

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2024年第3期15卷 442-451页

作者： Jian-Sheng HAO Yan WANG Lan-Hai LI key laboratory of Land surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Beijing 100101China Xinjiang key laboratory of water cycle and Utilization in Arid Zone Urumqi 830011China State key laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and GeographyChinese Academy of SciencesUrumqi 830011China Tianshan Snowcover and Avalanche Observation and Research Station of Xinjiang Xinyuan 835800China CAS Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia Urumqi 830011China

Climate change alters snowpack evolution,which in turn influences the likelihood of snow avalanches and flood *** lack of systemic observational data on key snow characteristics in high mountains remains a scientific challenge in terms of systematically elucidating the dynamic chain of variations in climate-snowpack-snow *** restricts our understanding and poses challenges in the prediction of snow-related disaster *** such,this study analysed the variations of temperature and snowfall and the physical characteristics of snowpacks based on ground-based observations from the Kunse River Valley situated in the Tianshan Mountains from 1967 to *** results reveal that the temperature increased significantly by 0.32°C per decade(pwater equivalent,thus indicating a higher frequency of extremely scarce or abundant snow *** low snowpack temperature gradient and earlier snowmelt dates in spring lead to earlier occurrences of snowmelt floods and wet *** the risks of these events increase,they pose greater threats to farmlands,road transportation,water-electricity infrastructure and several other human ***,these insights are critical for providing vital information that can deepen our understanding of the impact of climate change on snowpack characteristics and improve management strategies for snow-related disaster prevention and mitigation.

关键词： Climate change Snowpack variations Snow-related disaster Tianshan Mountains

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Spatial distributions of soil nutrients affected by land use,topography and their interactions,in the Loess Plateau of China

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International Soil and water Conservation Research 2024年第1期12卷 227-239页

作者： Wenxin Zhou Changjia Li Wenwu Zhao Lindsay C.Stringer Bojie Fu State key laboratory of Earth surface processes and Resource Ecology Faculty of Geographical ScienceBeijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina Institute of Land surface System and Sustainable Development Faculty of Geographical ScienceBeijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina Department of Environment and Geography University of YorkYorkUK York Environmental Sustainability Institute University of YorkYorkUK

Soil nutrient availability and their spatial distributions are strongly related to land use and landscape *** study aims to address the knowledge gap regarding the interaction between these factors and the underlying *** selected five land uses(grassland with Artemisia gmelinii,woodland with Robinia pseudoacacia,shrubland with Caragana korshinskii and Hippophae rhamnoides,and apple orchard with Malus pumila)and nine slope positions across hillslopes in the Loess Plateau,China,to investigate their combined effects on the contents and stocks of soil organic carbon(SOC),total nitrogen(TN)and total phosphorus(TP).Parametric and non-parametric statistical tests were conducted to determine the significant differences in the means or the medians of the soil nutrient *** showed that the SOC and TN contents of shrubland with Caragana korshinskii were statistically significantly greater than those of the grassland(p<0.05).SOC and TN contents generally decreased from the upper slope to the middle slope,and to the foot slope for the grassland,woodland and shrublands,and on the contrary,an increasing trend from the upper slope,to the middle slope,and to the foot slope was identified for the apple *** study highlights that land use,slope position and their interaction have significant effects on the spatial distributions of soil *** provides essential empirical evidence for the identification of the optimal vegetation type and slope positions in land management and vegetation restoration activities.

关键词： Soil organic carbon Total nitrogen Total phosphorus Slope position Vegetation restoration

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Dynamic coupling of ferrihydrite transformation and associated arsenic desorption/redistribution mediated by sulfate-reducing bacteria

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第1期135卷 39-50页

作者： Wenjing Zhou Huiyan Zhu Shiwen Hu Bowei Zhang Kun Gao Zhi Dang Chongxuan Liu State Environmental Protection key laboratory of Integrated surface water-Groundwater Pollution Control School of Environmental Science and EngineeringSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China The key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters Ministry of EducationSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510006China

Sulfate-reducing bacteria play an important role in the geochemistry of iron(oxyhydr)oxide and arsenic(As)in natural environments;however,the associated reaction processes are yet to be fully *** this study,batch experiments coupled with geochemical,spectroscopic,microscopic,and thermodynamic analyses were conducted to investigate the dynamic coupling of ferrihydrite transformation and the associated As desorption/redistribution mediated by Desulfovibrio vulgaris(***).The results indicated that *** could induce ferrihydrite transformation via S^(2-)-driven and direct reduction *** the absence of SO_(4)^(2-),*** directly reduced ferrihydrite,and As desorption and re-sorption occurred simultaneously during the partial transformation of ferrihydrite to *** increase in SO_(4)^(2-)loading promoted the S^(2-)-driven reduction of ferrihydrite and accelerated the subsequent mineralogical *** the low and medium SO_(4)^(2-)treatments,ferrihydrite was completely transformed to a mixture of magnetite and mackinawite,which increased the fraction of As in the residual phase and stabilized *** the high SO_(4)^(2-)treatment,although the replacement of ferrihydrite by only mackinawite also increased the fraction of As in the residual phase,22.1%of the total As was released into the solution due to the poor adsorption affinity of As to mackinawite and the conversion of As^(5+)to As^(3+).The mechanisms of ferrihydrite reduction,mineralogy transformation,and As mobilization and redistribution mediated by sulfate-reducing bacteria are closely related to the surrounding SO_(4)^(2-)*** results advance our understanding of the biogeochemical behavior of Fe,S,and As,and are helpful for the risk assessment and remediation of As contamination.

关键词： Sulfate-reducing bacteria Arsenic Ferrihydrite Transformation Redistribution

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Characteristics and influencing factors of CO_(2) emission from inland waters in China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第6期67卷 2034-2055页

作者： Ting ZHOU Xiaofeng WANG Zuolin XIAO Zhaoyin QING Xianxiang LI Jilong WANG Ziyi QUE Chongqing key laboratory of Carbon Cycling and Carbon Regulation in Mountainous Ecosystems Chongqing 401331China School of Geography and Tourism Chongqing Normal UniversityChongqing 401331China Chongqing Field Observation and Research Station of Earth surface Ecological processes in Three Gorges Reservoir Area Chongqing 405400China School of Earth System Science Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China

Inland water bodies,being the most active biogeochemical cycle reactors,play a pivotal role in the global carbon cycle and CO_(2) *** study integrates existing observation dataset of CO_(2) flux(fCO_(2))in rivers,lakes and reservoirs in China,to elucidate their spatial-temporal patterns and key influencing factors and to reappraise the significance for regional carbon *** showed that,the fCO_(2) in rivers,lakes and reservoirs in China presented significant variability with large range of-379.3-4947.6,-160.1-785.0 and -74.0-1603.1 mg CO_(2)m-2h^(-1),*** median of the fCO_(2) in rivers was of 228.5 mg CO_(2)m^(-2)h^(-1),observably higher than these in lakes and reservoirs(26.0 and 28.3 mg CO_(2)m^(-2)h^(-1),respectively).The fCO_(2)in rivers and reservoirs exhibited similar decreasing trend from south to north as a result of universal climate restraint,the averaged fCO_(2) in Pearl River and Yangtze River basins showed much higher than that in Northeastern ***,the averaged fCO_(2) in the Mongolia-Xinjiang lake district and the Northeast lake district were higher than other lake districts,followed by the Qinghai-Xizang lake district,and the Eastern and Yungui lake district were generally low,contradicting the climatic *** water primary production enhancement resulting from human activities was the main driver of spatial variation in the fCO_(2) in ***,the fCO_(2) in rivers presented seasonal pattern with higher wet season than dry season,while opposite patterns were found in lakes and *** temperature,precipitation and water primary production were main ***,it showed pH was a key factor indicating the variability of the fCO_(2) levels either in rivers,lakes or in *** lakes,the fCO_(2) is closely linked to chlorophyll a(Chl-a)and dissolved oxygen(DO),whereas,the fCO_(2) in rivers is primarily associated with organic carbon(OC)and total nitrogen(TN),highlighting the dive

关键词： Rivers/lakes/reservoirs CO_(2) emission Spatio-temporal variability Influence factors Regional contribution

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Estimates of net primary productivity and actual evapotranspiration over the Tibetan Plateau from the Community Land Model version 4.5 with four atmospheric forcing datasets

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2024年第4期17卷 70-89页

作者： Shan Lin Kewei Huang Xiangyang Sun Chunlin Song Juying Sun Shouqin Sun Genxu Wang Zhaoyong Hu State key laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering College of Water Resource and HydropowerSichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China Hubei key laboratory of Basin water Security Changjiang SurveyPlanningDesign and Research Co.Ltd.Wuhan 430010China Research Unit Forest Dynamics Swiss Federal Research Institute for ForestSnow and Landscape Research WSLBirmensdorf 8903Switzerland

The accuracy of the simulation of carbon and water processes largely relies on the selection of atmospheric forcing datasets when driving land surface models(LSM).Particularly in high-altitude regions,choosing appropriate atmospheric forcing datasets can effectively reduce uncertainties in the LSM ***,this study conducted four offline LSM simulations over the Tibetan Plateau(TP)using the Community Land Model version 4.5(CLM4.5)driven by four state-of-the-art atmospheric forcing *** performances of CRUNCEP(CLM4.5 model default)and three other reanalysis-based atmospheric forcing datasets(***,GSWP3 and WFDEI)in simulating the net primary productivity(NPP)and actual evapotranspiration(ET)were evaluated based on in situ and gridded reference *** with in situ observations,simulated results exhibited determination coefficients(R2)ranging from 0.58 to 0.84 and 0.59 to 0.87 for observed NPP and ET,respectively,among which GSWP3 and ITPCAS showed superior *** the plateau level,CRUNCEP-based simulations displayed the largest bias compared with the reference NPP and ***3-based simulations demonstrated the best performance when comprehensively considering both the magnitudes and change trends of TP-averaged NPP and *** simulated ET increase over the TP during 1982-2010 based on ITPCAS was significantly greater than in the other three simulations and reference ET,suggesting that ITPCAS may not be appropriate for studying long-term ET changes over the *** results suggest that GSWP3 is recommended for driving CLM4.5 in conducting long-term carbon and water processes simulations over the *** study contributes to enhancing the accuracy of LSM in water-carbon simulations over alpine regions.

关键词： land surface model carbon cycle water cycle high altitude Community Land Model version 4.5

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Coupling the hydrological and ecological process to implement the sustainable water resources management in Hanjiang River Basin

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2009年第11期52卷 3240-3248页

作者： ZHANG Xiang1 & XIA Jun2 1 State key laboratory of water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China 2 key laboratory of water cycle and related Land surface processes, IGSNRR, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China State key laboratory of water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science Wuhan University key laboratory of water cycle and related Land surface processes IGSNRR Chinese Academy of Sciences

Research on the combination of hydrological variation and ecological demands plays an important role in water availability assessment and sustainable management on basin scale. An integrative frame, consisting of hydrological regime modelling, ecological water demands estimation and renewable resources management, is given in this paper in order to support the implementation of the sustainable water resources management. The suggested integrative frame has been used to study the integrated water resources management in southern Hanjiang River Basin which is the water source of South-toNorth water Transportation Project in China. SWAT (soil and water assessment tool) model was used to simulate the monthly averaging streamflow and the amounts of ecological water demands in stream were also estimated in order to evaluate the available water resources for the local users and the transportation project. Then we formed the developing scenarioes by coupling the available water resources, the recovering rate of water resources in natural water cycle, the local water use rate and the amounts of the water transported to North, and used the Scheafer model to analyze their evolving trajectories. Eventually, the sustainable water resources management measures were assembled by the comprehensive evaluation of the scenarioes. The research indicates that the integrative frame provided a new way for the integrated water resources management in river basin.

关键词： SWAT (soil and water assessment tool) Scheafer model ecological water demands water resources availability sustainable water resources management

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Temporal Change of Runoff and Sediment Load and their Differential Response to Human Activities:A Case Study for a Well-vegetated Mountain watershed of Southern China

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Journal of Mountain Science 2014年第1期11卷 73-85页

作者： ZHENG Ming-guo SUN Li-ying YAN Ming key laboratory of water cycle and related Land surface processes Institute of Geographic Sciences & Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academic of Sciences

This study examined the temporal trends of runoff and sediment load and their differential response to human activities in the Lishui river,a tributary of the Yangtze river in southern *** long-term observation data at four gauging stations,generally involving two periods from 1954 to 1985 and from 2007 to 2011,were *** detected no significant temporal trend for both the annual runoff volume(Q) and the annual suspended Sediment Load(SL) over more than 30 years before *** flow duration curves and the Suspended Sediment Concentration(SSC) also hold constant before *** with the period before 1985,SL has decreased by about 80% though Q remains unchanged for the period after *** examination shows that the flow duration curves after 2007 have changed with a significant decrease in the high-flow component,which acts as a major cause for the decreasing *** addition,SSC has decreased by several times,which also contributes to the decrease in SL after *** decreases in high-flow discharges and in SSC can be linked with recent human activities,mainly including vegetation establishment and dam *** constant Q and the decreasing SL are also reported for the main stream of the Yangtze River and other major rivers in southern China,although they are orders of magnitude larger than our study area in drainage area *** present study highlights the importance of high-flow discharges on SL and suggests that the use of SL is more appropriate to reflect environmental change than Q.

关键词： Runoff Sediment load Reservoirs Environmental change Afforestation Lishui River

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Impact of hillslope vegetation restoration on gully erosion induced sediment yield

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Science China Earth Sciences 2006年第2期49卷 176-192页

作者： CHEN Hao CAI Qiangguo key laboratory of water cycle and related Land surface processes Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China

Facing the eco-environmental construction on the Loess Plateau, especially the vegeta-tion restoration in the semiarid areas, as well as the dam system engineering construction that is about to start, how can the vegetation restoration gain the optimum ecological benefits following the improvement of the preservation rates of trees and grass on the basis of guaranteeing water storage and silt trapping effects? What techniques should be taken to restore vegetation? These questions critical to environmental management on the Loess Plateau have to be settled urgently. According to the different macroscopic spatial distribution patterns of forest and grass on the Loess Plateau, this paper analyzes the macroscopic hillslope and gully management relationship in the middle Yellow River and weight of natural and human factors in erosion-induced sediment yield in the context of environmental background of the major silt producing areas. In light of the current status of the inte-grated management of small watersheds and soil and water conservation measure arrangement schemes of hillslopes and gullies on the Loess Plateau, this paper discusses the impact of vegetation restoration on gully erosion induced sediment yield and the effect of vegetation caused sediment re-duction. Studies indicate that there exists an erosional environmental background related to the natural and human activities in the sediment yield peak values of the sandy and coarse sandy areas in the middle Yellow River, sediment yield modulus is closely related to the synthetic effect of environ-mental elements, and the rainstorms, reclamation rate and forest coverage are the main factors af-fecting sediment yield modulus in the sandy and coarse sandy areas. The key to control soil erosion in the sandy and coarse sandy areas is the conversion of farmland into forestland and grassland, the reduction of reclamation rate and the increase of tree and grass vegetation. Small catchment man-agement should adhere to t

关键词： relationship between hillslope and gully erosion control, vegetation restoration, natural and human environmental element, Loess Plateau.

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The recent evolution of dune landforms and its environmental indications in the mid-latitude desert area(Hexi Corridor)

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2022年第4期32卷 617-644页

作者： ZHU Bingqi key laboratory of water cycle and related Land surface processes Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchCASBeijing 100101China

The history of dune landform changes and dust activity at mid-latitudes is a good archive for exploring environmental changes and related landscape *** this study,the dynamic changes,material sources,dust activity history and the influencing factors of typical sand dunes in the Hexi Corridor were comprehensively analyzed from the aspects of aeolian geomorphology,grain-size sedimentology,geochemistry and *** results show that in the past half century,the typical crescent-shaped dunes and chains of crescent-shaped dunes in the study area have moved or swayed greatly,with an average speed ranging from 0.8 m/a(Dunhuang)to 6.2 m/a(Minqin).The dynamic changes of sand dunes are mainly affected by annual precipitation,annual average wind speed and annual gale days,which indicates that climate is the primary influencing factor of dune landform *** three-stage grain-size curve model of dune sands is obviously different from that of gobi sediments(two-stage),revealing the“immaturity”of the latter in sedimentology,while the former has experienced efficiently aeolian differentiation and non-local *** comprehensive evidences of paleogeography,sedimentology and geochemistry reveal that the source materials of sand dunes are mainly alluvial/proluvial and palaeo-fluvial sediments,including clastic sediments in the denudation/erosion zones of the north and south *** such as the proportion of surface fine particles,the coverage of surface salt crusts,and the content of erodible sandy materials indicate that the western gobi areas are not the main source areas of wind-blown dust in the central and eastern parts of the Hexi *** spatial distribution of the movement direction of sand dunes is similar to that of the regional dominant wind direction,which indicates that the difference in the dynamic evolution of dune landforms between the east and west of the Hexi Corridor should be controlled by the regional-scale wind system,tha

关键词： dune landform Gobi landform grain size sedimentology elemental geochemistry global warming desertification mid-latitude deserts

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