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Soil Salinity Changes Under Cropping with Lycium barbarum *** Irrigation with Saline-Sodic water

Pedosphere 2011年第4期21卷 539-548页

作者： DOU Chao-Yin KANG Yao-Hu WAN Shu-Qin HU Wei key laboratory of water cycle and related Land Surface processes Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 (China) Graduate University of Chinese Academy of sciences Beijing 100049 (China)

In order to utilize the wasted saline-sodic soils under shallow groundwater condition, a 3-year field study was carried in a field cropped with Lycium barbarum L. and irrigated by drip irrigation with saline groundwater under the water table depth of 30-40 cm in the northern Yinchuan Plain, China. Effects of cropping duration （one, two, and three years） on soil salinity, soil solution composition, and pH in three adjacent plots were investigated in 2008. Results showed that a high irrigation frequency maintained high soil water potential and subsequently facilitated infiltration and downward movement of water and salt in the crop root zone. Salt accumulated on the edges of the ridges, and soil saturated-paste electrical conductivity （ECe） was higher in the edge. Concentrations of Na^＋, Ca^2＋, Mg^2＋, Cl^-, and SO24^- in the soil increased with the soil depth as did the ECe, while HCO3 and pH had a relative uniform distribution in soil profile. As planting year increased, the ECe and soil salts in the field had a decreasing tendency, while in the root zone they decreased immediately after irrigation and then remained relatively stable in the following growing seasons. HCO3 and pH had little change with the planting year. Results suggested that the application of drip irrigation with saline water could ameliorate saline-sodic soil and provide a relatively feasible soil environment for saline-sodic soils with shallow groundwater.

关键词： water table the growth of salt-tolerant plant Lycium barbarum L. under the salt accumulation saturated-paste electrical conductivity (ECe) shallow groundwater soil water potential depth

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Validity of the Bouchet's complementary relationship at 102 observatories across China

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Science China Earth sciences 2009年第5期52卷 708-713页

作者： YU JingJie1,2,ZHANG YongQiang3,LIU ChangMing1,2 1 institute of geographic sciences and natural resources research,Chinese Academy of sciences,Beijing 100101,China 2 key laboratory of water cycle and related Land Surface processes,Chinese Academy of sciences,Beijing 100101,China 3 CSIRO Land and water,PO Box 1666,Canberra ACT 2601,Australia institute of geographic sciences and natural resources research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China key laboratory of water cycle and related Land Surface processes Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China CSIRO La

Bouchet in 1963 hypothesized that for large homogeneous land surface with minimum advection of heat and moisture,there exists a 1:1 complementary relationship of potential and actual evaporation coupled through land-atmosphere *** complementary relationship has been widely used to estimate regional actual evaporation and explain the pan evaporation *** examine the standardized potential evaporation(potential evaporation divided by wet environment evaporation) at 102 observatories at different elevations across ***,the relationship is appropriate at the low elevations(<1000 m).With the increase of elevation,vapor transfer power becomes much less than radiation energy budget because of lower vapor pressure deficit and stronger global solar *** a result,at the high elevations(over 1000 m),the excess energy resulted by limited moisture availability is not enough to be converted into drying power of the *** result suggests that the complementary relationship is asymmetric at the high elevations.

关键词： evaporation complementary relationship elevation China

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Projected Changes in Extreme High Temperature and Heat Stress in China

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Journal of Meteorological research 2018年第3期32卷 351-366页

作者： Xingcai LIU Qiuhong TANG Xuejun ZHANG Siao SUN key laboratory of water cycle and related Land Surface processes Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101 University of Chinese Academy of sciences Beijing 100049 key laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 1O0101

High temperature accompanied with high humidity may result in unbearable and oppressive weather. In this study,future changes of extreme high temperature and heat stress in China’s mainland are examined based on daily maximum temperature(Tx) and daily maximum wet-bulb globe temperature(Tw). Twhas integrated the effects of both temperature and humidity. Future climate projections are derived from the bias-corrected climate data of five general circulation models under the Representative Concentration Pathways(RCPs) 2.6 and 8.5 scenarios. Changes of hot days and heat waves in July and August in the future(particularly for 2020-50 and 2070-99), relative to the baseline period(1981-2010), are estimated and analyzed. The results show that the future Txand Twof entire China will increase by 1.5-5℃ on average around 2085 under different RCPs. Future increases in Txand Twexhibit high spatial heterogeneity, ranging from 1.2 to 6℃ across different regions and RCPs. By around 2085, the mean duration of heat waves will increase by 5 days per annum under RCP8.5. According to Tx, heat waves will mostly occur in Northwest and Southeast China, whereas based on Twestimates, heat waves will mostly occur over Southeast China and the mean heat wave duration will be much longer than those from Tx. The total extreme hot days(Txor Tw> 35℃) will increase by 10-30 days. Southeast China will experience the severest heat stress in the near future as extreme high temperature and heat waves will occur more often in this region, which is particularly true when heat waves are assessed based on Tw. In comparison to those purely temperature-based indices, the index Twprovides a new perspective for heat stress assessment in China.

关键词： high temperature wet-bulb globe temperature heat stress climate change

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Quantitative Evaluation of Sustainable Development and Eco-Environmental Carrying Capacity in water-Deficient Regions:A Case Study in the Haihe River Basin,China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2014年第1期13卷 195-206页

作者： WANG Zhong-gen LUO Yu-zhou ZHANG Ming-hua XIA Jun key laboratory of water cycle & related Land Surface processes/institute of geographical Science and natural resources research Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Land Air and Water ResourcesUniversity of California

Quantitative assessment of development sustainability could be a challenge to regional management and planning, especially for areas facing great risks of water shortage. Surface-water decline and groundwater over-pumping have caused serious environmental problems and limited economic development in many regions all around the world. In this paper, a framework for quantitatively evaluating development sustainability was established with water-related eco-environmental carrying capacity （EECC） as the core measure. As a case study, the developed approach was applied to data of the Haihe River Basin, China, during 1998 through 2007. The overall sustainable development degree （SDD） is determined to be 0.39, suggesting that this rate of development is not sustainable. Results of scenario analysis revealed that overshoot, or resource over- exploitation, of the Basin＇s EECC is about 20% for both population and economy. Based on conditions in the study area in 2007, in order to achieve sustainable development, i.e., SDD〉0.70 in this study, the EECC could support a population of 108 million and gross domestic product （GDP） of 2.72 trillion CNY. The newly developed approach in quantifying ecoenvironmental carrying capacity is anticipated to facilitate sustainable development oriented resource management in waterdeficient areas.

关键词： eco-environmental carrying capacity development scenario Haihe River Basin sustainable development waterresources

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Land use/cover change effects on floods with different return periods： a case study of Beijing, China

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2013年第5期7卷 769-776页

作者： Yueling WANG Xiaoliu YANG key laboratory of water cycle and related Land Surface processes Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China College of Urban and Environmental sciences Peking University Beijing 100871 China

In this study, an approach integrating digital land use/cover change （LUCC） analysis, hydraulic model- ing and statistical methods was applied to quantify the effect of LUCC on floods in terms of inundation extent, flood arrival time and maximum water depth. The study took Beijing as an example and analyzed five specific floods with return periods of 20-year, 50-year, 100-year, 1000-year and 10000-year on the basis of LUCC over a nine-year period from 1996 to 2004. The analysis reveals that 1） during the period of analysis Beijing experienced unprecedented LUCC; 2） LUCC can affect inundation extent and flood arrival time, and floods with longer return periods are more influenced; 3） LUCC can affect maximum water depth and floods with shorter return periods are more influenced; and 4） LUCC is a major flood security stressor for Beijing. It warns that those cities having experienced rapid expansion during recent decades in China are in danger of more serious floods and recommends that their actual land use patterns should be carefully assessed considering flood security. This inte- grated approach is demonstrated to he a useful tool for joint assessment, planning and management of land and water.

关键词： inundation extent flood arrival time maximum water depth shallow flow model

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Field scale interaction and nutrient exchange between surface water and shallow groundwater in the Baiyang Lake region,North China Plain

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2016年第7期28卷 60-75页

作者： Bentje Brauns Poul L.Bjerg Xianfang Song Rasmus Jakobsen Department of Environmental Engineering Technical University of Denmark State key laboratory of water cycle and related Land Surface processes Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of Sciences Sino-Danish Center for Education and research Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland

Fertilizer input for agricultural food production, as well as the discharge of domestic and industrial water pollutants, increases pressures on locally scarce and vulnerable water resources in the North China Plain. In order to：（a） understand pollutant exchange between surface water and groundwater,（b） quantify nutrient loadings, and（c） identify major nutrient removal pathways by using qualitative and quantitative methods, including the geochemical model PHREEQC） a one-year study at a wheat（Triticum aestivum L.） and maize（Zea mays L.） double cropping system in the Baiyang Lake area in Hebei Province, China, was undertaken. The study showed a high influence of low-quality surface water on the shallow aquifer. Major inflowing pollutants into the aquifer were ammonium and nitrate via inflow from the adjacent Fu River（up to 29.8 mg/L NH4-N and 6.8 mg/L NO3-N）, as well as nitrate via vertical transport from the field surface（up to 134.8 mg/L NO3-N in soil water）. Results from a conceptual model show an excess nitrogen input of about 320 kg/ha/a. Nevertheless,both nitrogen species were only detected at low concentrations in shallow groundwater,averaging at 3.6 mg/L NH4-N and 1.8 mg/L NO3-N. Measurement results supported by PHREEQC-modeling indicated cation exchange, denitrification, and anaerobic ammonium oxidation coupled with partial denitrification as major nitrogen removal pathways. Despite the current removal capacity, the excessive nitrogen fertilization may pose a future threat to groundwater quality. Surface water quality improvements are therefore recommended in conjunction with simultaneous monitoring of nitrate in the aquifer, and reduced agricultural N-inputs should be considered.

关键词： Groundwater pollution North China Plain Surface water–groundwater interaction Wheat–maize double cropping Nitrogen Anammox

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Effects of different irrigation methods on micro-environments and root distribution in winter wheat fields

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第8期14卷 1658-1672页

作者： Lü Guo-hua SONG Ji-qing BAI Wen-bo WU Yong-feng LIU Yuan KANG Yao-hu State key Engineering laboratory of Crops Efficient water Use and Drought Mitigation Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences key laboratory of water cycle and related Land Surface processes Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences

The irrigation method used in winter wheat fields affects micro-environment factors, such as relative humidity（RH） within canopy, soil temperature, topsoil bulk density, soil matric potential, and soil nutrients, and these changes may affect plant root *** experiment was carried out to explore the effects of irrigation method on micro-environments and root distribution in a winter wheat field in the 2007–2008 and 2008–2009 growing *** results showed that border irrigation（BI）, sprinkler irrigation（SI）, and surface drip irrigation（SDI） had no significant effects on soil *** bulk density, RH within the canopy, soil available N distribution, and soil matric potential were significantly affected by the three *** change in soil matric potential was the key reason for the altered root profile distribution ***, more fine roots were produced in the BI treatment when soil water content was low and topsoil bulk density was *** growth was most stimulated in the top soil layers and inhibited in the deep layers in the SDI treatment, followed by SI and BI, which was due to the different water application *** a result, the root profile distribution differed, depending on the irrigation method *** root distribution pattern changes could be described by the power level variation in the exponential function.A good knowledge of root distribution patterns is important when attempting to model water and nutrient movements and when studying soil-plant interactions.

关键词： border irrigation root profile distribution sprinkler irrigation surface drip irrigation field micro-environment winter wheat

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中国碳收支:1980～2021年（英文）

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Science Bulletin 2024年第1期 114-124页

作者：夏晓圣任培阳王旭辉刘丹陈修治丹利何斌何洪林居为民梁敏琪陆星劼彭静覃章才夏江周郑博魏静乐旭于贵瑞朴世龙袁文平 School of Atmospheric sciences Guangdong Province Data Center of Terrestrial and Marine Ecosystems Carbon Cycle Sun Yat-sen University Sino-French institute for Earth System Science College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Peking University State key laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System Resources and Environment Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences key laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment for Temperate East Asia Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences State key laboratory of Earth Surface processes and Resource Ecology College of Global Change and Earth System Science Beijing Normal University Synthesis research Center of China's Ecosystem research Network Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences International institute for Earth System Science Nanjing University Tianjin key laboratory of water resources and Environment Tianjin Normal University institute of Environment and Ecology Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School Tsinghua University Jiangsu key laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology School of Environmental Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology

As one of the world’s largest emitters of greenhouse gases,China has set itself the ambitious goal of achieving carbon peaking and carbon ***,it is crucial to quantify the magnitude and trend of sources and sinks of atmospheric carbon dioxide(CO2),and to monitor China’s progress toward these *** state-of-the-art datasets and models,this study comprehensively estimated the anthropogenic CO2emissions from energy,industrial processes and product use,and waste along with natural sources and sinks of CO2for all of China during *** recognize the differences among various methods of estimating greenhouse emissions,the estimates are compared with China’s National Greenhouse Gas Inventories(NGHGIs) for 1994,2005,2010,2012,and *** CO2emissions in China have increased by 7.39 times from 1980 to 12.77 Gt CO2a-1in *** benefiting from ecological projects(e.g., Three Norths Shelter Forest System Project),the land carbon sink in China has reached 1.65 Gt CO2a-1averaged through 2010-2021,which is almost 15.81 times that of the carbon sink in the *** average,China’s terrestrial ecosystems offset 14.69%±2.49% of anthropogenic CO2emissions through *** provincial-level administrative regions of China,Xizang and Qinghai,have achieved carbon neutrality according to our estimates,but nearly half of the administrative regions of China have terrestrial carbon sink offsets of less than 10% of anthropogenic *** study indicated a high level of consistency between NGHGIs and various datasets used for estimating fossil CO2emissions,but found notable differences for land carbon *** estimates of the terrestrial carbon sinks of NGHGIs urgently need to be verified with process-based models which integrate the comprehensive carbon cycle processes.

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A review of physicochemical properties of dissolved organic carbon and its impact over mountain glaciers

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第1期21卷 1-19页

作者： NIU Hewen CHEN Mengxue KANG Shichang SHUKLA Tanuj QIN Huili GAO Wanni HUANG Shihai ZHANG Fu State key laboratory of Cryospheric sciences/National Field Science Observation and research Station of Yulong Snow Mountain Cryosphere and Sustainable Development Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China School of Politics and International Relations Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China University of Chinese Academy of sciences Beijing 10049China Dagu Glacier Scenic and Historic Interest Area Administration Luhua TownHeishui 615715China

Investigating the characteristics and transformation of water-soluble carbonaceous matter in the cryosphere regions is important for understanding biogeochemical process in the earth ***-soluble carbonaceous matter is a heterogeneous mixture of organic compounds that is soluble in aquatic *** its importance,we still lack systematic understanding for dissolved organic carbon(DOC)in several aspects including exact chemical composition and physical interactions with microorganisms,glacier *** review presents the chemical composition and physical properties of glacier DOC deposited through anthropogenic emission,terrestrial,and biogenic *** present the molecular composition of DOC and its effect over snow albedo and associated radiative *** indicate that DOC in snow/ice is made up of aromatic protein-like species,fulvic acid-like materials,and humic acid-like ***-absorbing impurities in surface snow and glacier ice cause considerable albedo reduction and the associated radiative forcing is definitely ***-soluble carbonaceous matter dominated the carbon transport in the high-altitude glacial *** to prevailing global warming and projected increase in carbon emission,the glacial DOC is expected to release,which will have strong underlying impacts on cryosphere *** results of this work have profound implications for better understanding the carbon cycle in high altitude cryosphere regions.A new compilation of globally distributed work is required,including large-scale measurements of glacial DOC over high-altitude cryosphere regions,to overcome and address the scientific challenges to constrain climate impacts of light-absorbing impurities related processes in Earth system and climate models.

关键词： Mountain glaciers Dissolved organic carbon Molecular composition Radiative forcing

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Study on supported combined liquid membrane containing HEH(EH)P and HNO_3 for trivalent gadolinium transfer

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2011年第9期22卷 1095-1098页

作者： Liang Pei Li Ming Wang key laboratory of water cycle and related Land Surface processes Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China Faculty of water resources and Hydraulic Power Xi'an University of Technology Xi'an 710048 China

A novel kind of supported combined liquid membrane （SCLM） has been studied for the Gd（IIl） transfer. SCLM contained polyvinylidene fluoride membrane （PVDF） as the liquid membrane support and renewal solution including HNO3 solution as the stripping solution and 2-ethyl hexyl phosphonic acid-mono-2-ethyl hexyl ester （HEH（EH）P） as the carrier dissolved in kerosene. The mixed solution of carrier and kerosene was membrane solution. The optimum transport conditions of Gd（III） were that concentration of HNO3 solution was 4.00 tool/L, concentration of carrier was 0.16 mol/L, and volume ratio of membrane solution to stripping solution was 30：30 of the renewal phase, and pH value was 4.80 of the feed phase. Under the optimum condition studied, when initial concentration of Gd（III） was 1.00 × 10^-4 mol/L, the transfer rate of Gd（III） was 96.8% during 130 min.

关键词： Supported combined liquid membrane 2-Ethyl hexyl phosphonic acid-mono-2-ethyl hexyl ester Renewal phase Gadolinium

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