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Study on the Jehol Biota:Recent advances and future prospects

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Science China Earth sciences 2020年第6期63卷 757-773页

作者： Xing XU Zhonghe ZHOU Yuan WANG Min WANG key laboratory of vertebrate evolution and human origins of chinese academy of sciences Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PaleoanthropologyChinese Academy of SciencesCAS Center for Excellence in Life and PaleoenvironmentBeijing 100044China

The Jehol Biota is an Early Cretaceous terrestrial fossil assemblage of paramount significance,and its core distribution areas are western Liaoning,northern Hebei,and southeastern Inner Mongolia.Despite with a research history of more than 150 years,it started yielding important fossils until early 1990s,which include feathered dinosaurs,early birds,early mammals,flower-visiting insects,and early angiosperms.These discoveries have implications for understanding the origins and early evolution of several major organismal groups,as well as the origin and initial formation of modern terrestrial ecosystem.This review presents a brief introduction of the major discoveries,research history,and current understanding of this biota,and also provides future prospects for studying the Jehol Biota.

关键词： Jehol Biota Early Cretaceous Terrestrial ecosystem Origin evolution

A New Family of Galeaspids(Jawless Stem-Gnathostomata) from the Early Silurian of Chongqing, Southwestern China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2022年第2期96卷 430-439页

作者： CHEN Yang GAI Zhikun LI Qiang WANG Jianhua PENG Lijian WEI Guangbiao ZHU Min key laboratory of vertebrate evolution and human origins of chinese academy of sciences Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PaleoanthropologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100044China University of chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049China Chongqing key laboratory of Exogenic Mineralization and Mine Environment Chongqing Institute of Geology and Mineral ResourcesChongqing 401120China Chongqing Research Center of the State key laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining Chongqing 401120China CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment Beijing 100044China Qujing Normal University QujingYunnan 655000China Chongqing Institute of Geological Survey Chongqing 401122China

A new genus and species of agnathan Eugaleaspidiformes(Galeaspida), Yongdongaspis littoralis gen. et sp. nov., is described from the Llandovery(lower Silurian) Huixingshao Formation at Yongdong Town, Xiushan County, Chongqing, southwestern China. This new Telychian taxon morphologically exhibits some transitional states between Sinogaleaspidae and a cluster of higher eugaleaspidiforms containing Tridensaspidae, Eugaleaspidae, Yunnanogaleaspis, and Nochelaspis, which we term here as the ’eugaleaspid cluster’. Phylogenetic analysis of an extended character matrix of Galeaspida reveals Yongdongaspis, on which Yongdongaspidae fam. nov. is erected, as the sister taxon of this ’eugaleaspid cluster’, supported by two synapomorphies, the presence of one median transverse canal, and two lateral transverse canals leaving from the infraorbital canal. As the first fish described from the Llandovery Huixingshao Formation in Chongqing, Yongdongaspis provides new fossil evidence for the subdivision and correlation of the Upper Red Beds in South China.

关键词： vertebrate paleontology Galeaspida morphology phylogeny Telychian Chongqing Municipality

Integrative Neogene stratigraphy, biotas and paleogeographic evolution of the Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding area

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Science China Earth sciences 2023年

作者： Tao DENG Xiaomin FANG Qiang LI Shiqi WANG Feixiang WU Sukuan HOU Jiao MA Qigao JIANGZUO Danhui SUN Yan ZHENG Qinqin SHI Boyang SUN Lu LI CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment Beijing key laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal evolution School of Earth and Space Sciences Peking University University of chinese academy of sciences key laboratory of vertebrate evolution and human origins Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth sciences and key laboratory of Continental Collision and Plateau Uplift Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences

The remarkable uplift of the Tibetan Plateau in the Neogene had great impacts on the climate and environment of East Asia and even the world. Therefore, establishment of the Neogene stratigraphic framework of the Tibetan Plateau is of great significance to research in various fields of geosciences. Based on marine sediments, the international chronostratigraphic system of the Neogene is divided into six stages in the Miocene and two stages in the Pliocene. Since the beginning of the Cenozoic, the share of terrestrial strata on continents has increased rapidly. By the Neogene, it had far exceeded that of marine strata, and almost all deposits on the Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding areas were terrestrial strata. In China, the Miocene includes five stages and the Pliocene includes two stages. Except for the Tunggurian of the Miocene, which has a lower boundary at 15 Ma, the other stages have the same paleomagnetic definitions and time intervals as the corresponding international marine stages. Mammalian fossils play a very important role in the division and correlation of Cenozoic terrestrial strata, and rodent,carnivore, proboscidean, perissodactyl and artiodactyl fossils are especially important in Neogene terrestrial biostratigraphy.There are many basins with well-exposed strata and abundant mammalian fossils in the Tibetan Plateau. The lower boundary stratotype sections of the Neogene Xiejian and Bahean stages are located respectively in the Xining and Linxia basins, and there are precise paleomagnetic dates in coordination with mammalian fossils. The lower boundary stratotypes of other stages can also be effectively determined in the Tibetan Plateau. Many first appearing mammalian genera in East Asia also appeared in the Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding areas, especially in the Linxia Basin on the northeast margin and in the Siwaliks on the southwest margin. Among them, Prodeinotherium first appeared at the bottom of the Miocene in the Siwaliks, and the earliest Hipparion of the Old World first appeared

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Investigation of the controlled factors influencing carbon isotope composition of foxtail and common millet on the chinese Loess Plateau

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Science China Earth sciences 2015年第11期58卷 2296-2308页

作者： YANG Qing LI XiaoQiang key laboratory of vertebrate evolution and human origins of the chinese academy of sciences Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Geography Science Nanjing Normal University State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Geographical Environment Evolution (Jiangsu Province)

To apply carbon isotope composition(? 13C) analyses of C4 plants to the quantitative reconstruction of paleoclimate, the functional mechanism linking plant ? 13C(? 13Cp) to the environment, which is based on the plants' physiological characteristics and morphological adaptability, must be thoroughly understood. Foxtail millet(Setaria italic) and common millet(Panicum miliaceum), as C4 plants, are representative crops of the rain-fed agriculture present in northern China. Fossil millets are ideal for paleoclimatic studies because of the ease of acquisition and identification to the species level. Modern seeds of foxtail and common millet collected from different habitats of the chinese Loess Plateau, and their carbon isotope compositions, were analyzed and correlated with environmental factors, such as latitude, altitude, temperature, precipitation, water availability, and relative humidity. The results showed that the ? 13 C of foxtail millet had a significantly negative correlation with latitude(R=?0.46), which may indicate the influence of light. The effect of light on the ? 13 C of foxtail millet accounted for only 21% of variability, while other climatic factors did not exert significant influences. Thus, the ? 13 C of foxtail millet was not suitable for extracting climatic information. The ? 13 C of common millet was significantly and positively correlated with precipitation during the growing period(R=0.75), explaining 56% of variability. The functional mechanisms analyzed, using the plants' physiological characteristics and morphological adaptability, indicated that common millet can adapt to environmental changes because of stomatal sensitivity and some non-stomatal factors. Therefore, the ? 13 C of common millet can record precipitation during growth and is a promising factor for paleoclimatic reconstruction.

关键词：碳同位素组成中国黄土高原谷子控制因素糜子形态适应性古气候重建 C4植物

Diet breadth and mortality patterns from Laoya Cave： A primary profile of MIS 3/2 hunting strategies in the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, southwest China

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Science China Earth sciences 2016年第8期59卷 1642-1651页

作者： WANG XiaoMin GUAN Ying CAI HuiYang Sandrine COSTAMAGNO ZHANG LiMin XU ChunHua GAO Xing key laboratory of vertebrate evolution and human origins of chinese academy of sciences Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100044 China University of chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049 China TRACES CNRS Toulouse 31058 France Guizhou Provincial Museum Guiyang 550001 China

Laoya Cave is a long-term occupation site of Late Paleolithic humans in the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, southwest China, where abundant lithic, bone materials were recovered. Dating by the AMS technique showed a significant depositional process during marine isotope stage(MIS) 3/2. In this study, the species spectrum was presented from the perspective of zooarchaeology and the mortality profile of large Cervidae was examined to help increase our understanding of the subsistence strategy of local people dealing with climate and environmental changes. The main part of the diet was focused on large Cervidae, and the dominance of Ungulates indicates effective management of the cave and local fauna. On the other hand, the mortality profiles of large Cervidae varied correspondingly with climate change. The evidence indicates a specialized hunting strategy that was also flexible, depending on the prevailing climate and environment.

关键词： Cervidae Late Paleolithic Southwest China MIS 3 Zooarchaeology Survival strategy

Carboniferous and Permian integrative stratigraphy and timescale of North China Block

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Science China Earth sciences 2022年第6期65卷 983-1011页

作者： Boheng SHEN Shuzhong SHEN Qiong WU Shuichang ZHANG Bin ZHANG Xiangdong WANG Zhangshuai HOU Dongxun YUAN Yichun ZHANG Feng LIU Jun LIU Hua ZHANG Yukun SHI Jun WANG Zhuo FENG State key laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research School of Earth Sciences and Engineering and Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material CyclingNanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development PetroChinaBeijing 100083China School of Resources and Geosciences China University of Mining and TechnologyXuzhou 221116China State key laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology and Center for Excellence in Life and PaleoenvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China key laboratory of vertebrate evolution and human origins of chinese academy of sciences Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology and Center for Excellence in Life and PaleoenvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100044China Institute of Palaeontology Yunnan UniversityKunming 650500China

The Carboniferous-Permian strata in the North China Block(NCB) contain abundant fossils, coals and natural gases.Establishing a high-resolution timescale for the Carboniferous and Permian in the NCB is essential to understand the geologic events and explore the spatial and temporal distributions of the natural resources. The upper Carboniferous and the basal part of Permian are relatively well correlated because they yield marine conodont and fusuline fossils. However, the Permian terrestrial strata mostly rely on poorly constrained palynostratigraphy and phytostratigraphy and are short of the precise geochronologic constraints on the correlation with the marine strata. This study provides a critical review on the state-of-the-art of the latest Carboniferous and Permian chronostratigraphic and biostratigraphic frameworks and stratigraphic correlation in the NCB. The Penchi Formation ranges from lower Bashkirian to lower Gzhelian;the Taiyuan Formation is assigned to the upper Gzhelian to lower Asselian;the Shansi and Lower Shihhotse formations are from middle Asselian to lower Sakmarian;the Upper Shihhotse Formation is assigned to upper Artinskian to lower Kungurian, and the Sunjiagou Formation was assigned to Lopingian, respectively. A long hiatus up to ~20 Myr between the Upper Shihhotse and Sunjiagou formations, mainly marked by a large-scale erosional surface at the base of a coarse conglomeratic sandstone unit and/or multiple paleosol layers as well as significant differences of floras between these two lithostratigraphic units, is present probably due to tectonic uplift in association with the closure of the Paleo Asian Ocean(PAO) during the Cisuralian and Guadalupian. The possible amplitude of sea-level changes from Carboniferous to Permian on the NCB is estimated from 0 to 40 m.The floral succession, depositional records and organic carbon isotope profiles suggest that the latest Carboniferous and earliest Permian was a favorable period for coal accumulation under an ever-wet and warm climate, followed by

关键词： North China Block Carboniferous-Permian Geochronology Biostratigraphy Correlation

The history of agriculture in the mountainous areas of the lower Yangtze River since the late Neolithic

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2022年第3期16卷 809-818页

作者： Jingyi WANG Xiaochun CHEN Guilin ZHANG Guowen ZHANG Yan WU key laboratory of vertebrate evolution and human origins Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PaleoanthropologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100044China CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment Beijing 100044China University of chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049China Anhui Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology Hefei 230061China School of Earth System Science Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China Department of Archaeology and Museology Nankai UniversityTianjin 300071China

Understanding the role of agriculture in the development of human societies around the world is an important field of study with many unanswered questions.As a step toward that greater understanding,we have studied the archeobotanical remains at the Jingshuidun site in the mountainous areas of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River in southern Anhui Province which are part of the core area of rice cultivation today.Our analyses of macrobotanical remains and phytoliths formed the basis for the reconstruction of the subsistence economy of ancient humans at the Jingshuidun site from the late Neolithic to early historical times.When our data are combined with that of previous archeobotanical work,we obtain a clearer picture of the development of rice and millet agriculture in the southern Anhui Province region,as well as the spread of millet cultivation.Macrobotanical remains and phytoliths of domesticated rice are present in layers at the Jingshuidun site dated to 4874–4820 cal.yr B.P.(middle-late Liangzhu Period)and 2667–2568 cal.yr B.P.(late Western Zhou Dynasty to the early Spring and Autumn Period).Moreover,macrobotanical remains and phytoliths from the site document the earliest remains of foxtail millet(Setaria italica)in southern Anhui Province,from a layer dating to the late Western Zhou Dynasty and the early Spring and Autumn Period(2667–2568 cal.yr B.P.).These results suggest that the people occupying the Jingshuidun site used single rice farming as far back as 4874–4820 cal.yr B.P.,and they began to plant millet by at least 2667–2568 cal.yr B.P.,documenting the spread of millet agriculture to the southern area by that time.

关键词： southern Anhui Jingshuidun site rice millet phytolith

An Updated Review of the Middle-Late Jurassic Yanliao Biota: Chronology,Taphonomy,Paleontology and Paleoecology

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2016年第6期90卷 2229-2243页

作者： XU Xing ZHOU Zhonghe Corwin SULLIVAN WANG Yuan REN Dong key laboratory of vertebrate evolution and human origins Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PaleoanthropologyChinese Academy of Sciences College of Life sciences Capital Normal University

The northeastern chinese Yanliao Biota （sometimes called the Daohugou Biota） comprises numerous, frequently spectacular fossils of non-marine organisms, occurring in Middle-Upper Jurassic strata in western Liaoning, northern Hebei, and southeastern Inner Mongolia. The biota lasted for about 10 million years, divided into two phases： the Bathonian-Callovian Daohugou phase （about 168-164 million years ago） and the Oxfordian Linglongta phase （164-159 million years ago）. The Yanliao fossils are often taphonomically exceptional （many vertebrate skeletons, for example, are complete and accompanied by preserved integumentary features）, and not only are taxonomically diverse but also include the oldest known representatives of many groups of plants, invertebrates, and vertebrates. These fossils have provided significant new information regarding the origins and early evolution of such clades as fleas, birds, and mammals, in addition to the evolution of some major biological structures such as feathers, and have demonstrated the existence of a complex terrestrial ecosystem in northeast China around the time of the Middle-Late Jurassic boundary.

关键词： Yanliao Biota Daohugou phase Linglongta phase Middle-Late Jurassic Yanliao area

The subsistence patterns of the Shengedaliang site(-4,000 yr BP)revealed by stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes in northern Shaanxi,China

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Science China Earth sciences 2017年第2期60卷 268-276页

作者： CHEN XiangLong GUO XiaoNing WANG WeiLin HU SongMei YANG MiaoMiao WU Yan HU YaoWu Institute of Archaeology Chinese Academy of Social SciencesBeijing 100710China Shaanxi Provincial academy of Archaeology Xi'an 710054China key laboratory of vertebrate evolution and human origins Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PaleoanthropologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100044China University of chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049China

In order to explore subsistence patterns in northern Shaanxi Province around 4,000 yr BP,28 human and 24 animal bones from the Shengedaliang site were sampled for stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratio analysis.The results show that most people primarily subsisted on C_4 resources,e.***.millet and millet-related animal products,despite the fact that there was some intake of C_3 plants by some individuals.Stable nitrogen isotope values indicate that there were differences in meat consumption between individuals at the site.Pigs were mainly foddered with millet and millet byproducts,as well as some cattle,according to their highδ^(13)C values.However,most cattle and the sheep/goats consumed wild C_3 plants at Shengedaliang.Our above findings indicates that subsistence patterns in northern Shaanxi around 4,000 yr BP were characterized by millet farming,while the grassland animal husbandry,e.***.cattle and sheep/goats raising,displayed very little contribution to local economy.The intensive millet farming in northern Shaanxi provided enough food for population growth,ensured the accumulation of wealth,and consequently accelerated social differentiation and complexity.

关键词：稳定同位素陕西北部 BP 生存模式显示碳氮遗址中国