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Interpretation of the biological species concept from interspecific hybridization of two Helicoverpa species

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2007年第2期52卷 284-286页

作者： WANG ChenZhu State key laboratory of integrated management of pest Insects and Rodents Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China

The biological species concept defines species in terms of interbreeding. Interbreeding between spe-cies is prevented by reproductive isolation mechanisms. Based on our results of interspecific hybridi-zation between Helicoverpa armigera and Helicoverpa assulta, reproductive isolation mechanisms of the two species are analyzed. A combination of prezygotic factors (absent sex attraction and physical incompatibility of the genitalia) and postzygotic factors (female absence and partial sterility in F1 hy-brids) causes reproductive isolation of the two species. In addition, the role of interspecific hybridiza-tion in speciation is discussed.

关键词：生物学种生物进化杂交再生机制

Energy budgets of the Chinese green lacewing （Neuroptera： Chrysopidae） and its potential for biological control of the cotton aphid （Homoptera： Aphididae）

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Insect Science 2007年第6期14卷 497-502页

作者： FENG GAO XIANG-HUI LIU FENG GE State key laboratory of integrated management of pest Insects and Rodents Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

Energy budgets of larval stages of the Chinese green lacewing, Chrysopa sinica （Tjeder）（Neuroptera： Chrysopidae） were determined under laboratory conditions at photoperiod of 14：10 L：D, 27 ± 1℃ and 75% ± 2% RH. The energy used as ingestion, assimilation, respiration, productivity and feces was constructed for each developmental stage. In addition, under these experimental conditions, the potential of C. sinica as a biological control agent was evaluated according to the ingestion by this predator and the energy content of cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii （Glover）（Homoptera： Aphididae）. The larval stage of C. sinica was able to consume 1281.4 1-day-old aphids, 1018.7 2-day-old aphids, 626.9 3-day-old aphids, 393.5 4-day-old aphids, 312.1 5-day-old aphids or 203.5 9-day-old aphids, respectively. No significant difference was detected between the estimated number of aphids consumed by the lacewings using energetic methods and the actual number of aphids consumed by the lacewings in this experiment. Our results showed that C. sinica is an important natural enemy of the cotton aphid, and energetic methods are very useful to quantify biological control efficacy of natural enemies.

关键词： Aphis gossypii biological control Chrysopa sinica ecological efficiency,energy budget predation

Amphiphilicity-driven octaphenyl polyoxyethylenes regulate soft microcapsules flexibility for better foliar adhesion and pesticide utilization

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Advanced Agrochem

Advanced Agrochem 2024年第4期3卷 316-327页

作者： Haichao Cao Xuewen Jian Daxia Zhang Wenzheng Ling Guofu Zhang Yaozhong Zhang Hao Zong Chao Feng Dan Chen Feng Liu key laboratory of tobacco pest monitoring&integrated management Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesQingdao266101PR China Shandong Provincial key laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect pests College of Plant ProtectionShandong Agricultural UniversityTai'an Shandong271018PR China Shandong Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Institute for the Control of AgrochemicalsJinan250013PR China Shandong Linyi tobacco Co. LtdLinyiShandong276000PR China

pesticide-loaded flexible carriers that allow for deformation and adhesion on crop leaves is an effective way to improve pesticide *** interfacial polymerization,the addition of octaphenyl polyoxyethylene(OP)with different hydrophile lipophilic balances(HLBs)into the oil phase can regulate the flexibility of pyraclostrobinloaded microcapsules(MCs).Due to differences in amphiphilicity and molecular structure,OP redistributed on the oil-water two-phases and oil-water *** increasing HLB,the proportion of OP entering the aqueous phase ***,more OP with low HLB remained in the oil phase and occupied the oil-water interface,and these OPs participated in and regulated the interfacial polymerization to increase the thickness,reduce the compactness of the shell,and increase the hydroxyl and ether bond contents in the ***,pyraclostrobin-loaded MCs with low HLB(11.5-12.5)OP-7 exhibited flexible deformation,strong foliar adhesion,good scouring resistance,and a high control effect on peanut leaf spot,which the disease severity was *** high HLB(16),OP-21-prepared MCs with compact shells were safer to zebrafish,which the safety index was *** the amphiphilicity of OP molecules to drive their redistribution in an encapsulation system to regulate interfacial polymerization is an effective way to control the structure and performance of pesticideloaded MCs.

关键词： Interfacial polymerization Deformation Adhesion Flexible microcapsules pesticide utilization Ecotoxicity

Lipophorin receptor regulates the cuticular hydrocarbon accumulation and adult fecundity of the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum

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Insect Science 2021年第4期28卷 1018-1032页

作者： Jian-Wen Qiao Yong-Liang Fan Tian-Tian Bai Bing-Jin Wu Xiao-Jin Pei Dun Wang Tong-Xian Liu State key laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and key laboratory of integrated pest management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau Ministry of AgricultureNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina

Cuticular hydrocarbons form a barrier that protects terrestrial insects from water loss via the *** loads and transports lipids,including hydrocarbons,from one tissue to *** some insects,the lipophorin receptor(LpR),which binds to lipophorin and accepts its lipid cargo,is essential for female fecundity because it mediates the incorporation of lipophorin by developing ***,it is unclear whether LpR is involved in the accumulation of cuticular hydrocarbons and its precise role in aphid reproduction remains *** herein present the results of our molecular characterization,phylogenetic analysis,and functional annotation of the pea aphid(Acyrthosiphon pisum)LpR gene(ApLpR).This gene was transcribed throughout the *** life cycle,but especially during the embryonic stage and in the abdominal ***,we optimized the RHA interference(RNAi)parameters by determining the ideal dose and duration for gene silencing in the pea *** observed that the RNAi-based ApLpR suppression significantly decreased the internal and cuticular hydrocarbon contents as well as adult ***,a deficiency in cuticular hydrocarbons increased the susceptibility of aphids to desiccation stress,with decreased survival rates under simulated drought ***,ApLpR expression levels significantly increased in response to the desiccation *** results confirm that ApLpR is involved in transporting hydrocarbons and protecting aphids from desiccation ***,this gene is vital for aphid ***,the ApLpR gene of *** may be a novel RNAi target relevant for insect pest management.

关键词： desiccation resistance fecundity hydrocarbon lipophorin receptor pea aphid

Chill injury in the eggs of the migratory locust, Locusta migratoria （Orthoptera： Acrididae）： the time-temperature relationship with high-temperature interruption

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Insect Science 2005年第3期12卷 171-178页

作者： XIAO-HONGJING XIAN-HUIWANG LEKANG State key laboratory of integrated management of pest Insects and Rodents Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina

Mortality of the overwintering egg of the migratory locust, Locustamigratoria L., was attributed to chill injury because of its occurrence well above the egg' ssupercooling point. In this study, two parameters, upper limit of chill injury zone (ULCIZ) and sumof the injurious temperature (SIT), were used to examine the locust egg's cold hardiness. The valueof ULCIZ for the locust egg is 1.06 ± 0.54℃, and the SIT is -329.7 (hour ? degree). Thesuperoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities changed dramatically after cold stress,indicating that oxygen and hydroxide free radicals are probably efficiently detoxified at lowtemperatures. It was suggested that the nature of chill injury in locust egg might be a complex ofmetabolic disorder and a non-proportional decrease in enzymatic reaction and transports, because theLDH activity at low temperature increased significantly and the ATPase activity decreased withprolonged duration of exposure to low temperatures. The results from high temperature interruptionrevealed that the high temperature intervals significantly increased the survival of locust eggs.

关键词： locusta migratoria chill injury antioxidant enzymes cold hardiness

Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Biological Activity of 5-(2-Methylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2(3H)-one Derivatives

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Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry 2015年第2期34卷 189-196页

作者：陈敏杨春龙 key laboratory of monitoring and management of Crop Diseases and pest Insects Ministry of Agriculture Nanjing Agricultural University Jiangsu key laboratory of pesticide Science Nanjing Agricultural University Department of Chemistry College of Science Nanjing Agricultural University

3-Methyl-5-（2-methylphenyl）-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2（3H）-one （6） and N,N-diethyl-2-（2- methylbenzoyl）-hydrazinecarboxamide （7） were designed and synthesized from 5-（2-methyl- phenyl）- 1,3,4-oxadiazol-2（3H）-one （5） by substituting and ring-opening, respectively. The target compounds were confirmed by IR, JH NMR spectroscopy, MS, elemental analysis and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Compound 6 （Cl0Hl0N202, Mr = 190.20） crystallizes in the triclinic system, space group P1 with a = 7.4645（16）, b = 10.868（2）, c = 12.970（3） A, α= 110.542（2）, β= 98.142（2）, γ= 99.766（2）°, V = 947.7（3） A3, Z = 4, F（000） = 400, Dc = 1.333 g/cm3, μ = 0.095 mm-1, the final R = 0.0550 and wR = 0.1483 for 2956 observed reflections with I〉 2σ（1）. Compound 7 （C13HI9N302, Mr = 249.31） crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group C2/e with a = 18.926（3）, b = 12.1853（17）, e = 14.740（2） A, fl = 125.6380（10）~, V= 2762.7（7） A3, Z = 8, F（000） = 1072, Dc = 1.199 g/cm3,μ = 0.083 mm-1, the final R = 0.0554 and wR = 0.1468 for 2395 observed reflections with I 〉 2σ（I）. The preliminary bioassay results indicate that compound 6 exhibits notable fungicidal activities against Fusarium graminearum, Botrytis cinerea, Rhizoctonia cerealis and Colletotrichum capsici at the concentration of 100 μg/mL.

关键词： oxadiazole hydrazinecarboxamide synthesis crystal structure fungicidal activity

Evaluation of Beauveria bassiana （Hyphomycetes） isolates as potential agents for control of Dendroctonus valens

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Insect Science 2011年第2期18卷 209-216页

作者： Long-Wa Zhang Yu-Jun Liu Jian Yao Bin Wang Bo Huang Zeng-Zhi Li Mei-Zhen Fan Jiang-Hua Sun Anhui Provincial key laboratory of Microbial pest Control Anhui Agricultural University Heifei Anhui Entry-Exit Inspection and Quaran- tine Bureau Hefei State key laboratory of integrated management Agricultural pest & Rodents Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

The red turpentine beetle （RTB）, Dendroctonus valens LeConte, as a destructive invasive pest, has become one of the most economically important forest pest in China. Effective control measures are desperately needed. Entomopathogenic fungi, such as Beauveria bassiana, have shown great potential for the management of some bark beetle species. In this study, 12 isolates of B. bassiana from bark beetle were examined for biological characteristics and virulence, to assess their potential as biocontrol agents for RTB. There were significant differences （at P = 0.05） in colony growth rate, conidial yield, conidial germination, tolerance to UV light and extracellular proteases activity among the tested B. bassiana isolates. Isolates, including Bbl801, Bb1906, Bb789 and Bb773, exhibited the best characteristics, because they have faster hyphal growth rate, higher spore production and faster spore germination, higher UV tolerance and protease （Prl） production. The results of a pathogenicity test ofB. bassiana on RTB larvae showed that most isolates of B. bassiana have demonstrated high efficacy and the highest virulent isolate was Bb 1801, which killed 100% of the treated insects and had a median lethal time （LT50） of 4.60 days at a concentration of 1 ×107 conidia/mL. Therefore, isolate Bb1801 has a great potential for sustainable control of RTB in the forest. The correlation between biological characteristics and virulence of the fungal isolates is discussed and the possibility of combination of entomopathogenic fungi with semiochemicals, as one of the promising strategy for RTB control, is considered.

关键词： Beauveria bassiana biological characteristics microbial control Dendroctonus valens virulence

Invasion genetics of alien insect pests in China: Research progress and future prospects

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2019年第4期18卷 748-757页

作者： CHU Dong QU Wan-mei GUO Lei key Lab of integrated Crop pest management of Shandong Province/College of Plant Health and Medicine Qingdao Agricultural University

An unwelcome side effect of the globalization of the world's economy and dramatic increase in human mobility and trade has been a marked increase in species invasions that have posed severe threats to the ecological, economic, and/or social stability of the introduced regions. In this review, we analyzed the application of molecular markers in invasion genetics of invasive alien insect pests(IAIPs) in China based on a bibliometric survey. Our report discusses the considerable progress that has been made during the past two decades in understanding the invasion genetics of IAIPs in China. We reviewed the major findings in the main topics including the effects of origin and routes of invasion on genetic structure, spatial and temporal genetic changes, factors contributing to the genetic changes of IAIPs, and genetic mechanisms involved in IAIPs' invasions. On the other hand, some of these research areas remain relatively unexplored in China, especially those pertaining to spatial and temporal genetic changes of IAIPs and genetic mechanisms of IAIPs' invasions. Finally, the future research prospects of IAIPs in China are discussed. We hope this review will stimulate an interest in and provide an increased understanding of the field of invasion genetics of IAIPs in China, and provide a basis for future research in this area.

关键词： biological invasion invasive alien insect pests(IAIPs) China invasion genetics genetic variation

Phylogenetic analysis and expression differences of eye-related genes in cavefish genus Sinocyclocheilus

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Integrative Zoology 2021年第3期16卷 354-367页

作者： Yahui ZHAO Zushi HUANG Jinqing HUANG Chunguang ZHANG Fanwei MENG State key laboratory of Membrane Biology State Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest ManagementKey Laboratory of ZoologicalSystematics and EvolutionInstitute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences Guilin Medical UniversityGuilinChina

The adaptive evolution of visual systems has been observed in many ***,little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying these adaptations,which include regressive changes such as eye ***,we analyzed phylogenetic and expression patterns of 6 eye-related genes(crx,foxg1b,opn1sw2,otx2,rho and sox2)in 12 Sinocyclocheilus species from China,including 8 stygobionts and 4 stygophiles,and examined photoreceptor cell morphology of these *** eye-degenerated species of Sinocyclocheilus were polyphyletic and showed different degrees of photoreceptor defects in responses to cave *** eye loss and degeneration are the result of convergent *** *** grouped with the eye-normal species,it displayed not only a high degree of eye degeneration but also significant expression differences in eyerelated genes compared with the eye-normal *** gene foxg1b,which was determined to be under positive selection,might play an important role in the process of eye degeneration in *** based on differential ***-related gene expression and selection may have contributed to the polyphyly of the cave *** examined gene expression and duplication in 6 eye-related genes and revealed that these genes displayed considerable diversity in relative expression in Sinocyclocheilus ***2 and sox2 were significantly up-regulated in individual cave species,while the other 4 genes(crx,foxg1b,opn1sw2 and rho)were significantly *** findings provide a valuable resource for elucidating molecular mechanisms associated with visual system evolution in cavefish.

关键词： cavefish convergent evolution eye degeneration gene duplication retina