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Biological soil crusts and their potential applications in the sand land over Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

Research in cold and arid regions 2024年第1期16卷 20-29页

作者： Yuan Zhang BenLi Liu key laboratory of Desert and Desertification/Research Station of Gobi Desert ecology and Environment in Dunhuang of gansu province(Dunhuang) Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouGansu 730000China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability Qinghai Normal UniversityXiningQinghai 810008China

The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is now experiencing ecological degradation risks as a result of climate change and human activities.The alpine grassland ecology in permafrost zones is fragile and susceptible to deterioration due to its high altitude,low temperature,and limited oxygen,which complicates the repair of damaged land.Biological soil crusts(BSCs)are crucial for land restoration in plateau regions because they can thrive in harsh conditions and have environmentally beneficial traits.Inoculated biological soil crust(IBSC)has shown success in low-altitude desert regions,but may not be easily duplicated to the plateau environment.Therefore,it is essential to do a comprehensive and multifaceted analysis of the basic theoretical comprehension and practical application of BSCs on the Tibetan Plateau.This review article aims to provide a brief summary of the ecological significance and the mechanisms related to the creation,growth,and progression of BSCs.It discusses the techniques used for cultivating BSCs in laboratories and using them in the field,focusing on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau circumstance.We thoroughly discussed the potential and the required paths for further studies.This study may be used as a basis for selecting suitable microbial strains and accompanying supplemental actions for implementing IBSCs in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

关键词： Biological soil crusts Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Alpine sand areas Inoculated biological soil crusts technology Algae Cyanobacteria

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Ecological restoration and recovery in the wind-blown sand hazard areas of northern China: relationship between soil water and carrying capacity for vegetation in the Tengger Desert

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2014年第5期57卷 539-548页

作者： LI XinRong ZHANG ZhiShan TAN HuiJuan GAO YanHong LIU LiChao WANG XinPing Shapotou Desert Research and Experiment Station Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research InstituteChinese Academy of Sciences key laboratory of stress physiology and ecology in cold and arid regions of gansu province

The main prevention and control area for wind-blown sand hazards in northern China is about 320000 km2 in size and includes sandlands to the east of the Helan Mountain and sandy deserts and desert-steppe transitional regions to the west of the Helan Mountain.Vegetation recovery and restoration is an important and effective approach for constraining wind-blown sand hazards in these areas.After more than 50 years of long-term ecological studies in the Shapotou region of the Tengger Desert,we found that revegetation changed the hydrological processes of the original sand dune system through the utilization and space-time redistribution of soil water.The spatiotemporal dynamics of soil water was significantly related to the dynamics of the replanted vegetation for a given regional precipitation condition.The long-term changes in hydrological processes in desert areas also drive replanted vegetation succession.The soil water carrying capacity of vegetation and the model for sand fixation by revegetation in aeolian desert areas where precipitation levels are less than 200 mm are also discussed.

关键词：腾格里沙漠土壤水分植被恢复风沙危害中国北方生态修复时空动力学能力

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Carbon fixation and influencing factors of biological soil crusts in a revegetated area of the Tengger Desert,northern China

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Journal of arid Land 2014年第6期6卷 725-734页

作者： Lei HUANG ZhiShan ZHANG XinRong LI Shapotou Desert Research and Experimental Station Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences key laboratory of stress physiology and ecology in cold and arid regions of gansu province

Biological soil crusts （BSCs） are an important type of land cover in arid desert landscapes and play an important role in the carbon source-sink exchange within a desert system. In this study, two typical BSCs, moss crusts and algae crusts, were selected from a revegetated sandy area of the Tengger Desert in northern China, and the experiment was carried out over a 3-year period from January 2010 to November 2012. We obtained the effec- tive active wetting time to maintain the physiological activity of BSCs basing on continuous field measurements and previous laboratory studies on BSCs photosynthesis and respiration rates. And then we developed a BSCs carbon fixation model that is driven by soil moisture. The results indicated that moss crusts and algae crusts had significant effects on soil moisture and temperature dynamics by decreasing rainfall infiltration. The mean carbon fixation rates of moss and algae crusts were 0.21 and 0.13 g C/（m2.d）, respectively. The annual carbon fixations of moss crusts and algae crusts were 64.9 and 38.6 g C/（m2.a）, respectively, and the carbon fixation of non-rainfall water reached 11.6 g C/（m2.a）（30.2% of the total） and 8.8 g C/（m2.a）（43.6% of the total）, respectively. Finally, the model was tested and verified with continuous field observations. The data of the modeled and measured CO2 fluxes matched notably well. In desert regions, the carbon fixation is higher with high-frequency rainfall even the total amount of seasonal rainfall was the same.

关键词： moss crusts algae crusts soil moisture dynamics non-rainfall water effective wetting time

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Review of the ecohydrological processes and feedback mechanisms controlling sand-binding vegetation systems in sandy desert regions of China

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2013年第13期58卷 1483-1496页

作者： LI XinRong ZHANG ZhiShan HUANG Lei WANG XinPing Shapotou Desert Research and Experimental Station Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research InstituteChinese Academy of Sciences key laboratory of stress physiology and ecology in cold and arid regions of gansu province

Soil water is the key abiotic limiting factor in desert areas and hydrological processes determine the vegetation composition, patterns and processes in desert regions. The hydrological processes can be altered by vegetation succession. In this paper, we review the major advances in ecohydrological research and their potential impact on plant-water relations in revegetated desert communities. The major advances in ecohydrological research over the past 50 years in desert areas were analyzed using a case study that investigated the long-term ecosystem effects of sand-binding vegetation in the Tengger Desert. key challenges and opportunities for ecohydrology research in the future are also discussed in the context of the major scientific issues affecting sand binding vegetation.

关键词：生态水文过程沙漠地区植被系统固沙机制反馈中国控制

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Topographic differentiations of biological soil crusts and hydraulic properties in fixed sand dunes, Tengger Desert

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Journal of arid Land 2015年第2期7卷 205-215页

作者： Zhi Shan ZHANG Yong Le CHEN Bin Xing XU Lei HUANG Hui Juan TAN Xue Jun DONG Shapotou Desert Research and Experiment Station Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research InstituteChinese Academy of Sciences key laboratory of stress physiology and ecology in cold and arid regions of gansu province Texas A&M Agri Life Research and Extension Center at Uvalde

Biological soil crusts （BSCs） play an important role in surface soil hydrology. Soils dominated with moss BSCs may have higher infiltration rates than those dominated with cyanobacteria or algal BSCs. However, it is unnown whether improved infiltration in moss BSCs is accompanied by an increase in soil hydraulic conductivity or water retention capacity. We investigated this question in the Tengger Desert, where a 43-year-old revegetation program has promoted the formation of two distinct types of BSCs along topographic positions, i.e. the moss-dominated BSCs on the interdune land and windward slopes of the fixed sand dunes, and the al- gal-dominated BSCs on the crest and leeward slopes. Soil water retention capacity and hydraulic conductivity were measured using an indoor evaporation method and a field infiltration method. And the results were fitted to the van Genuchten-Mualem model. Unsaturated hydraulic conductivities under greater water pressure （〈-0.01 MPa） and water retention capacities in the entire pressure head range were higher for both crust types than for bare sand. However, saturated and unsaturated hydraulic conductivities in the near-saturation range （〉-0.01 MPa） showed decreasing trends from bare sand to moss crusts and to algal crusts. Our data suggested that topographic differentiation of BSCs significantly affected not only soil water retention and hydraulic conductivities, but also the overall hydrology of the fixed sand dunes at a landscape scale, as seen in the reduction and spatial variability in deep soil water storage.

关键词： algal crusts hydraulic conductivity moss crusts soil water retention curve Tengger Desert

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Long-term feeding of sand rice(Agriophyllum squarrosum seed)can improve the antioxidant capacity of mice

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Research in cold and arid regions 2023年第2期15卷 105-112页

作者： PengShu Zhao Liang Shi Xia Yan ChaoJu Qian WeiJia Zhao Yan Chang XiaoYue Yin XingKe Fan TingZhou Fang YuQiu Liao ShanShan Zhou XiaoFei Ma key laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in arid Lands Northwest Institute of Eco-Environments and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouGansu730000China key laboratory of stress physiology and ecology in cold and arid regions of gansu province Northwest Institute of Eco-Environments and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouGansu730000China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China key laboratory of Inland River Ecohydrology Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering ResearchNorthwest Institute of Eco-Environments and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouGansu730000China School of Life Sciences Nantong UniversityNantongJiangsu226019China Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Research Southwest Minzu UniversityChengduSichuan610041China Shanxi Institute of Science and Technology Faculty of Environmental Science and EngineeringJinchengShanxi048000China

Unhealthy eating habits with sugar-rich and high-fat foods can bring nutritional imbalance and other chronic diseases. At present, there is an increasing demand in regulating human sub-health through functional foods. Agriophyllum squarrosum(L.) Moq., a pioneer plant native to sand dunes with ecological restoration function, is a traditional food plant of sand regions and Mongolian folk medicine. Numerous studies have confirmed that A. squarrosum seed, also called sand rice, has high nutritional value. However, the long-term health effects of eating sand rice remain unclear. To better explore and evaluate its long-term effects, hereby, ICR mice were fed with sand rice flour at different ratios(control, 60% and 95%) for 100 days. Results show that the growth and blood glucose level curve of these experimental mice were lower and more stable than that of the control. In addition, mice fed pure sand rice ingredient(95%) gained more stable body weight and blood glucose after 28 days, which revealed that sand rice is a food with comprehensive nutritional value and rarely negatively impacts the body growth performance. Our data also demonstrates that, the content of triglyceride(TG), total cholesterol(TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C) provided the lowest level in the blood of mice with a diet of pure sand rice ingredient, 0.48, 4.14, 0.91, 3.03 mmol/L, respectively. Also, T-SOD and GSH-PX activity provided a high level in mice with pure sand rice gradient, which significantly increased by 36%(T-SOD)and 19%(GSH-PX) compared to the control. These results suggest that long term intake of the pure sand rice ingredients is more helpful for stabilizing blood lipid and improve antioxidant capacity and beneficial to people suffering from chronic disease. This study supplies the first animal evidence to support the claim that sand rice is a promising functional food with comprehensive nutrition in the future. We are confident that, with increasing demands of daily sa

关键词： Sand rice Functional food Long-term effects Health evaluation Antioxidant capacity

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Spatial distribution of Agriophyllum squarrosum Moq. (Chenopodiaceae) in the straw checkerboards at a revegetated land of the Tengger Desert, northern China

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Journal of arid Land 2017年第2期9卷 176-187页

作者： HUANG Lei Shapotou Desert Research and Experimental Station Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China key laboratory of stress physiology and ecology in cold and arid regions of gansu province Lanzhou 730000 China

The present study focuses on straw checkerboards established in the Shapotou Desert Research and Experimental Station at the southeastern edge of the Tengger Desert and their effects on the species richness and the abundance of Agriophyllum squarrosu Moq. Specifically, detailed analyses on the spatial distribution of A. squarrosum and the related soil properties were carried out at a small scale in the straw checkerboards. A. squarrosum is an excellent pioneer plant for revegetation in desert areas. However, the distribution pattern of A. squarrosum and the influencing factors have not been sufficiently delineated. The results showed that the species richness and the abundance of A. squarrosum were decreased exponentially from the border to the center of the straw checkerboards. At the micro-geomorphological scale, the soil texture, soil organic matter （SOM）, soil nutrients （nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium）, and soil infiltration rate in the topsoil tended to increase from the center to the border within a straw checkerboard, while soil moisture presented an opposite tendency. The soil seed bank ofA. squarrosum, soil bulk density, electrical conductivity, sand content, CaCO3 accumulation, and pH showed no significant difference （P〉0.05） between the border and the center of the straw checkerboards. Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that the abundance of A. squarrosum was mainly determined by the concentrations of SOM, nitrogen, and the infiltration rate, implying that nutrient acclimation was the optimal competitive strategy ofA. squarrosum for surviving in a barren natural environment of an arid desert region.

关键词： Agriophyllum squarrosum seed banks soil moisture soil infiltration rate nutrient acclimation

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Effect of soil archaea on N2O emission in alpine permafrost

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Research in cold and arid regions 2024年第2期16卷 45-62页

作者： YuZheng Gu ChenJie Dong ShengYun Chen JingWei Jin PeiZhi Yang JianWei Chen PeiJie Wei Ali Bahadur College of Grassland Agriculture Northwest A&F University Cryosphere and Eco-Environment Research Station of Shule River Headwaters Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science and Frozen Soil EngineeringNorthwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of Sciences College of ecology Lanzhou University BGI-Qingdao BGI-Shenzhen University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Soil microbial communities are pivotal in permafrost biogeochemical cycles, yet the variations of abundant and rare microbial taxa and their impacts on greenhouse gas emissions in different seasons, remain elusive, especially in the case of soil archaea. Here, we conducted a study on soil abundant and rare archaeal taxa during the growing and non-growing seasons in the active layer of alpine permafrost in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. The results suggested that, for the archaeal communities in the sub-layer, abundant taxa exhibited higher diversity, while rare taxa maintained a more stable composition from the growing to non-growing season. Water soluble organic carbon and soil porosity were the most significant environmental variables affecting the compositions of abundant and rare taxa, respectively. Stochastic and deterministic processes dominated the assemblies of rare and abundant taxa, respectively. The archaeal ecological network influenced N2O flux through different modules. Rare taxa performed an essential role in stabilizing the network and exerting important effects on N2O flux. Our study provides a pioneering and comprehensive investigation aimed at unravelling the mechanisms by which archaea or other microorganisms influence greenhouse gas emissions in the alpine permafrost.

关键词： Alpine permafrost Abundant and rare archaea Assembly processes Co-occurrence network N 2 O flux

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Soil water deficit and vegetation restoration in the refuse dumps of the Heidaigou open-pit coal mine,Inner Mongolia,China

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Research in cold and arid regions 2016年第1期8卷 22-35页

作者： Lei Huang Shapotou Desert Research and Experimental Station Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouGansu 730000China key laboratory of stress physiology and ecology in cold and arid regions of gansu province LanzhouGansu 730000China

The sustainability of ecosystem restoration of refuse dumps in open-pit coal mines depends on plant species selection, their configuration, and the optimal usage of water resources. This study is based on field experiments in the northern refuse dump of the Heidaigou open-pit coal mine in Inner Mongolia of China established in 1995. Eight plant configurations, including trees, shrubs, grasses, and their combinations, as well as the adjacent community of natural vegetation, were selected. The succession of the revegetated plants, soil water storage, the spatiotemporal distribution of plant water deficits degree and its compensation degree were also studied. Results indicated that the vegetation cover （shrubs and herbaceous cover）, richness, abundance, soil nutrients （soil organic matter, N and P）, and biological soil crust coverage on the soil surface are significantly influenced by the vegetation configurations. The average soil water storage values in the shrub ＋ grass and grass communities throughout the growing season are 208.69 mm and 206.55 mm, which are the closest to that of in the natural vegetation community （215.87 mm）. Plant water deficits degree in the grass and shrub ＋ grass communities were the lowest, but the degrees of water deficit compensation in these configuration were larger than those of the other vegetation configurations. Differences in plant water deficit degree and water compensation among the different config- urations were significant （P 〈0.05）. Plant water deficit degrees were predominantly minimal on the surface, increased with increasing soil depth, and remained stable at 80 cm soil depth. The soil moisture compensation in the natural vegetation, shrub ＋ grass, and grass communities changed at 10%, while that in other vegetation communities changed between 20% and 40%. Overall, we conclude that the shrub ＋ grass and grass configuration modes are the optimal vegetation restoration models in terms of ecohydrology for future ecological engineering projects.

关键词： refuse dumps soil water storage plant water deficit degree plant water compensation degree vegetation configurations

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Involvement of anti-oxidative enzymes, photosynthetic pigments and flavonoid metabolism in the adaptation of Reaumuria soongorica to salt stress

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Research in cold and arid regions 2013年第6期5卷 684-690页

作者： YuBing Liu Bo Cao MeiLing Liu key laboratory of stress physiology and ecology in cold and arid regions Gansu Province Shapotou Desert Research & Experiment Station Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences

Reaumuria soongorica is a short woody shrub widely found in semi-arid areas of China. It can survive severe environ- mental stress including high salinity in its natural habitat. Thus, we investigated the involvement of anti-oxidative enzymes, photosynthetic pigments and flavonoid metabolism in the adaptation of R. soongorica to saline environments. R. soon- gorica was treated with 0, 100, 200 and 400 mM NaC1 solutions for 14 days. Soil salt content increased significantly by watering with high content of NaC1 solution, and no variation between 8 and 14 days during treatment. The levels ofpe- roxidation of lipid membranes （measured by malondialdehyde content） and the activities of three antioxidant enzymes （superoxide dismutase （SOD）, peroxidase （POD） and ascorbate peroxidase （APX）） increased under salt stress. Chlorophyll and carotenoid content decreased with increasing salt content. The ratio of Chl a/Chl b and carotenoid/Chl exhibited sig- nificant increase under 400 mM NaC1. However, total flavonoid and anthocyanin contents and key enzyme activities in the flavonoid pathway including phenylalanine ammonialyase （PAL） and Chalcone isomerase （CHI） decreased under salt stress. These findings possibly suggest that R. soongorica has an adaptation protection mechanism against salt-induced oxidative damage by inducin~ the activity of antioxidant enzymes and maintaining a steady level of carotenoid/Chl.

关键词： antioxidant enzymes photosynthetic pigments flavonoid Reaumuria soongorica

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