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Thermophoresis of nanoparticles hotter/colder than the surrounding dilute gases

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Particuology 2022年第4期20卷 95-102页

作者： Junjie Su Jie Cui Jun Wang Guodong Xia MOE key laboratory of Enhanced Heat Transfer and energy Conservation Beijing Key Laboratory of Heat Transfer and Energy ConversionBeijing University of TechnologyBeijing 100124China

Aerosol particles suspended in a diluted gas with non-uniform temperature distribution are expected to experience a thermophoretic force.In theoretical treatment of thermophoresis,it is usually assumed that the particle temperature is equal to the surrounding gas temperature.However,this might not always be the case.In some particular applications,the particle temperature can significantly differ from the gas temperature.In the present paper,we theoretically investigate the effect of the particle tempera-ture on the thermophoresis of nanoparticles in the free molecule regime.Theoretical formulas for the thermophoretic force and thermophoretic velocity are obtained based on the gas kinetic theory.As exam-ples,a spherical Ag nanoparticle suspended in a dilute He gas is considered,and the Rudyak-Krasnolutski potential is employed to model the gas-particle interaction.It is found that the influence of the particle temperature on the thermophoresis of nanoparticles can be significant.With increasing particle size,the error due to the equal gas-particle temperature assumption can be neglected.

关键词： Thermophoresis Particle temperature Nanoparticles Free molecule regime

A Method for Determining the Operable Ideal Condensation Temperature of Dry and Isentropic Fluids Used in Organic Rankine Cycle(ORC)Based on Temperature-Entropy(T-s)Diagram

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Journal of Thermal Science 2023年第6期32卷 2144-2154页

作者： ZHANG Xinxin LI Yang MOE key laboratory of enhanced heat transfer and energy conservation Beijing University of TechnologyBeijing100124China Beijing key laboratory of heat transfer and energy conversion Beijing University of TechnologyBeijing100124China

Condensation temperature is one of the crucial parameters determining the performance of an organic Rankine cycle.It is necessary to consider the differences in the working fluids themselves when setting the condensation temperature of organic Rankine cycle.In current study,temperature-entropy(T-s)diagram is employed to describe the difference in working fluids.Three areas of dry and isentropic fluids in a temperature-entropy(T-s)diagram,which are the area denoting net output work of cycle(A_(1),the area denoting net output work of the Carnot cycle(A),and the curved triangle in superheated region denoting condensation characteristics(A_(2)),are defined.On this basis,the ratio of A_(2)to A_(1)and the ratio of A_(1)to A are calculated.Logarithmic Mean Difference of the above two ratios is obtained to determine the operable ideal condensation temperature of 66 dry and isentropic fluids employed in Organic Rankine Cycle.The findings indicate that the operable ideal condensation temperatures for the majority of dry and isentropic fluids are in the range of 305 K to 310 K.The work presented in this study may be useful for designing and establishing an Organic Rankine Cycle system.

关键词： organic Rankine cycle T-s(temperature-entropy)diagram condensation temperature dry f isentropic fluids logarithmic mean difference

Multifunctional photon conversion materials for enhancing silicon solar cells

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第4期13卷 598-601页

作者： Yiyan Zhang Guanying Chen MIIT key laboratory of Critical Materials technology for New energy conversion and Storage School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHarbin Institute of Technology150001 HarbinChina

A type of multifunctional erbium(Er^(3+))and ytterbium(Yb^(3+))codoped NaY(WO4)2 phosphors,with simultaneous photon upconversion,photon quantum cutting,and luminescence ratiometric temperature sensing abilities,have b... 详细信息

关键词： photon luminescence quantum

Experimental Investigation on Thermal Characteristics of Long Distance Loop Heat Pipes

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Journal of Thermal Science 2022年第3期31卷 741-750页

作者： ZHAO Ya’nan YAN Tao LIANG Jingtao Key Laboratory of Space Energy Conversion Technology Technical Institute of Physics and ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190China

Loop heat pipes(LHPs)are attractive two-phase thermal control devices for satellites,electronics and many other applications.They are capable of transporting heat efficiently for long distances up to several meters at any orientation.This paper investigated the heat transfer characteristics of loop heat pipes with long distances and small diameter transport lines.Small stainless steel tubes of 2 mm and 3 mm in inner diameters were chosen as liquid lines and vapor lines of the LHPs.The local thermal resistances in the evaporator of the 6 m-LHP were researched and analyzed,which indicated that the thermal resistance between the aluminum block and the vapor in the vapor channel accounted for a major proportion of the total thermal resistance.The effect of heat sink temperatures on the performance of the 6 m-LHP were compared with 10°C,15°C,20°C and 25°C cooling water temperatures.Moreover,the thermal characteristics of LHPs with transport distances of 2 m and 16 m were also experimentally investigated.The 16 m-LHP could achieve a heat transfer capacity of 100 W and the 2 m-LHP could reach more than 339 W,on the premise of the evaporator temperature below 100°C.The thermal resistance of the 2 m-LHP could achieve 0.125°C/W.

关键词： loop heat pipe thermal management heat transport long distance thermal resistance

Numerical and Experimental Investigation on the Performance of Battery Thermal Management System Based on Micro Heat Pipe Array

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Journal of Thermal Science 2022年第5期31卷 1531-1541页

作者： YANG Lulu XU Hongbo ZHANG Hainan CHEN Yiyu LIU Ming TIAN Changqing Key Laboratory of Space Energy Conversion Technology Technical Institute of Physics and ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China

Battery thermal management is very crucial for the safe and long-term operation of electric vehicles or hybrid electric vehicles.In this study,numerical simulation method is adopted to simulate the temperature field of Li-ion battery cell and module.It is proved that the maximum temperature and maximum temperature difference of battery cell and module increase with the increase of charge/discharge rate(C-rate)of the battery.For battery module,it can reach a maximum temperature of 61.1℃at a C-rate of 2 under natural convection condition with the ambient temperature of 20.0℃.A battery thermal management system based on micro heat pipe array(BTMS-MHPA)is deeply investigated.Experiments are conducted to compare the cooling effect on the battery module with different cooling methods,which include natural cooling,only MHPA,MHPA with fan.The maximum temperature of battery module which is cooled by MHPA with a fan is 43.4℃at a C-rate of 2,which is lower than that in the condition of natural cooling.Meanwhile,the maximum temperature difference was also greatly reduced by the application of MHPA cooling.The experimental results confirm that the feasibility and superiority of the BTMS-MHPA for guaranteeing the working temperature range and temperature uniformity of the battery.

关键词： battery thermal management micro heat pipe array Li-ion battery temperature field

Synthesis of dihydrocapsaicin and dihydrocapsiate exclusively from lignocellulosic platform chemicals

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Green energy & Environment 2022年第3期7卷 519-524页

作者： Yan-Bing Li Hui-Ying Guo Chen-Qiang Deng Jin Deng Hefei National laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale IChemCAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant ConversionAnhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Clean EnergyDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui230026China CAS key laboratory of Renewable energy Guangzhou Institute of Energy ConversionChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouGuangdong510640China

Biorefinery is pivotal to the sustainability of modern chemical industry.However,since biomass is oxygen-enriched,new and green chemical strategies are required for expanding the biomass derived chemical space.In this work,synthesis of natural products dihydrocapsaicin and dihydrocapsiate was achieved exclusively from lignocellulosic platform chemicals.Natural products dihydrocapsaicin and dihydrocapsiate were synthesized exclusively from lignocellulosic platform chemicals,using furfural(from hemicellulose)and methyl isopropyl ketone(from cellulose)through aldol condensation-hydrolysis-hydrodeoxygenation to synthesize 8-methylnonanoic acid and then combined with vanillin derivates(from lignin).This synthesis demonstrates the feasibility of constructing natural products entirely from renewable biomass platform through green processes.The utilization of inherent functional groups of biomass demonstrates their potential to open up chemical space.

关键词： space synthesis hydrolysis

Proliferation-mediated asymmetric nanoencapsulation of singlecell and motility differentiation

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2023年第7期66卷 2134-2146页

作者： WANG ShengLiang XU ZhiJun CHEN HaiXu WANG XiaoLiang LIN Song WANG Lei LIU XiaoMan HUANG Xin MIIT key laboratory of Critical Materials technology for New energy conversion and Storage School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001China

The biointerface engineering of living cells by creating an abiotic shell has important implications for endowing cells with exogenous properties with improved cellular behavior,which then boosts the development of the emerging field of living cell hybrid materials.Herein,we develop a way to perform active nanoencapsulation of single cell,which then endows the encapsulated cells with motion ability that they do not inherently possess.The emerging motion characteristics of the encapsulated cells could be self-regulated in terms of both the motion velocity and orbits by different proliferation modes.Accordingly,by taking advantage of the emergence of differentiated moving abilities,we achieve the self-sorting between mother cells and daughter cells in a proliferated Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell community.Therefore,it is anticipated that our highlighted study could not only serve as a new technique in the field of single-cell biology analysis and sorting such as in studying the aging process in Saccharomyces cerevisiae,but also open up opportunities to manipulate cell functionality by creating biohybrid materials to fill the gap between biological systems and engineering abiotic materials.

关键词： biointerface engineering micromotors self-propulsion self-sorting urease

Supercritical CO_(2) Cycles for Nuclear-Powered Marine Propulsion:Preliminary Conceptual Design and Off-Design Performance Assessment

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Journal of Thermal Science 2024年第1期33卷 328-347页

作者： LI Zhaozhi SHI Mingzhu SHAO Yingjuan ZHONG Wenqi key laboratory of energy Thermal conversion and Control of Ministry of Education School of Energy and EnvironmentSoutheast UniversityNanjing 210096China

Using the efficient,space-saving,and flexible supercritical carbon dioxide(sCO_(2)) Brayton cycle is a promising approach for improving the performance of nuclear-powered ships.The purpose of this paper is to design and compare sCO_(2) cycle power systems suitable for nuclear-powered ships.Considering the characteristics of nuclear-powered ships,this paper uses different indicators to comprehensively evaluate the efficiency,cost,volume,and partial load performance of several nuclear-powered sCO_(2) cycles.Four load-following strategies are also designed and compared.The results show that the partial cooling cycle is most suitable for nuclear-powered ships because it offers both high thermal efficiency and low volume and cost,and can maintain relatively high thermal efficiency at partial loads.Additionally,the new load-following strategy that adjusts the turbine speed can keep the compressor away from the surge line,making the cycle more flexible and efficient compared to traditional inventory and turbine bypass strategies.

关键词： supercritical CO_(2)cycle nuclear marine propulsion off-design performance

Structure and ion transport properties of organic ionic compounds revealed by NMR

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Magnetic Resonance Letters 2024年第2期4卷 2-12页

作者： Haijin Zhu Guangdong Provincial key laboratory of Materials and Technologies for energy conversion Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of TechnologyShantou515063China

Organic ionic plastic crystals(OIPCs)are emerging as an important material family for solid-state electrolytes and many other applications.They have significant advantages over conventional electrolyte materials,such as high ionic conductivity,non-flammability,and plasticity.Various nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)spectroscopy techniques including solid-state NMR,pulsed-field gradient(PFG)NMR,and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)etc.,provide us a versatile toolkit to understand the fundamental level structures,molecular dynamics,and ionic interactions in these materials.This article reviews the commonly used NMR methods including solid-and solution-state NMR,PFG-NMR,dynamic nuclear polarization(DNP)and the application of these methods in revealing the microscopic level structures and ion-transport mechanisms in OIPC materials.

关键词： NMR Electrolyte Organic ionic plastic crystals Defects Diffusion Microstructure