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How the enhanced east asian summer monsoon regulates total gross primary production in eastern China

Advances in climate Change Research 2024年第2期15卷 244-252页

作者： Ming-Yu HAN Yong ZHANG Jing PENG China State key laboratory of Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081China China Meteorological Administration Institute for Development and Programme Design Beijing 100081China CAS key laboratory of regional climate-environment for Temperate east asia Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Beijing 100029China

Recognizing the relationship between gross primary production(GPP)and precipitation in eastern China,the east asian Summer Monsoon(EASM)plays a crucial role in shaping GPP.Despite confirmation of the strong link between EASM and GPP,there remains a notable research gap in understanding the specific impact of the EASM on GPP in different regions of eastern China.Here we used simulations from Trends in Net Land-Atmosphere Carbon Exchanges(TRENDY)models from 1951 to 2010 and divided eastern China into five subregions for the study.We also used the New east asian Summer Monsoon Index(NEWI)as a quantitative metric to distinguish between periods of strong and weak EASM.Building on this,this study aims to investigate the response of GPP in different subregions of eastern China.regionally,under strengthened EASM years(1954,1957,1965,1969,1977,1980,1983,1987,1993 and 1998),east China experienced the most pronounced increase in GPP at 12±21(mean±1 sigma)gC m^(-2) mon^(-1) compared to the weak EASM years(1958,1961,1972,1973,1978,1981,1985,1994,1997 and 2004).In contrast,Southwest China showed a decline in GPP at-4±10 gC m^(-2) mon^(-1).Moreover,GPP also increased in Northeast and North China when EASM strengthened,while South China showed a decline in GPP.This indicated that GPP changed with monsoon intensity.According to the mechanism analysis,during strong EASM,there was intense moisture convergence through alterations in the atmospheric circulation field over east China and abundant precipitation,which further contributed to the increase in GPP.Downward solar radiation in Southwest China decreased with EASM enhancement,which suppressed GPP and hindered vegetation growth.Overall,the results highlight the importance of accurately predicting the impact of different EASM intensities of regional carbon fluxes.

关键词： Gross primary production Surface air temperature Precipitation Solar radiation eastern China Carbon cycle

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Preface to the Special Issue on Causes, Impacts, and Predictability of Droughts for the Past, Present, and Future

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第2期41卷 191-192页

作者： Tianbao ZHAO Aiguo DAI Jianping HUANG Lixia ZHANG key laboratory of regional climate-environment Research for Temperate east asia Institute of Atmospheric Physics(IAP)Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Beijing 100029China Department of Atmospheric and environmental Sciences University at AlbanySUNYAlbanyNew York 80307USA key laboratory for Semi-Arid climate Change of the Ministry of Education Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China State key laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics(LASG) Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China

Drought is a recurring dry condition with below-normal precipitation and is often associated with warm temperatures or heatwaves. A drought event can develop slowly over several weeks or suddenly within days, commonly under abnormal atmospheric conditions(e.g., quasi-stationary high-pressure systems), and can persist for weeks, months, or even years.

关键词： drought within suddenly

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Floating plants reduced methane fluxes from wetlands by creating a habitat conducive to methane oxidation

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2024年第1期135卷 149-160页

作者： Fuwei Wang Songhe Zhang Xiuren Hu Xin Lv Min Liu Yu Ma Benjamin Manirakiza key laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes Ministry of EducationHohai UniversityNanjing 210098China College of environment Hohai UniversityNanjing 210098China China Machinery International Engineering Desigh and Research Institute co. Ltd.East China Regional CenterNanjing 210008China

Wetlands are one of the important natural sources of atmospheric methane (CH_4),as an important part of wetlands,floating plants can be expected to affect methane release.However,the effects of floating plants on methane release are limited.In this study,methane fluxes,physiochemical properties of the overlying water,methane oxidation potential and rhizospheric bacterial community were investigated in simulated wetlands with floating plants Eichhornia crassipes,Hydrocharis dubia,and Trapa natans.We found that E.crassipes,H.dubia,and T.natans plants could inhibit 84.31%-97.31%,4.98%-88.91%and 43.62%-92.51%of methane fluxes at interface of water-atmosphere compared to Control,respectively.Methane fluxes were negatively related to nutrients concentration in water column but positively related to the aerenchyma proportions of roots,stems,and leaves.At the same biomass,root of E.crassipes (36.44%) had the highest methane oxidation potential,followed by H.dubia (12.99%) and T.natans (11.23%).Forty-five bacterial phyla in total were identified on roots of three plants and 7 bacterial genera (2.10%-3.33%) were known methanotrophs.Type I methanotrophs accounted for 95.07%of total methanotrophs.The pmoA gene abundances ranged from 1.90×10^(16)to 2.30×10^(18)copies/g fresh weight of root biofilms.Abundances of pmoA gene was significantly positively correlated with environmental parameters.Methylotrophy (5.40%) and methanotrophy (3.75%) function were closely related to methane oxidation.This study highlights that floating plant restoration can purify water and promote carbon neutrality partially by reducing methane fluxes through methane oxidation in wetlands.

关键词： Floating plants Methane fluxes Aerenchyma Methanotrophs

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Historical biogeography and evolutionary diversification of Lilium(Liliaceae): New insights from plastome phylogenomics

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Plant Diversity 2024年第2期46卷 219-228页

作者： Nian Zhou Ke Miao Changkun Liu Linbo Jia Jinjin Hu Yongjiang Huang Yunheng Ji CAS key laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of east asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan 650201China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China key laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education College of Life SciencesSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan 610065China Yunnan key laboratory for Integrative Conservation of Plant Species with Extremely Small Population Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan 650201China

Here, we infer the historical biogeography and evolutionary diversification of the genus Lilium. For this purpose, we used the complete plastomes of 64 currently accepted species in the genus Lilium(14plastomes were newly sequenced) to recover the phylogenetic backbone of the genus and a timecalibrated phylogenetic framework to estimate biogeographical history scenarios and evolutionary diversification rates of Lilium. Our results suggest that ancient climatic changes and geological tectonic activities jointly shaped the distribution range and drove evolutionary radiation of Lilium, including the Middle Miocene climate Optimum(MMCO), the late Miocene global cooling, as well as the successive uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP) and the strengthening of the monsoon climate in east asia during the late Miocene and the Pliocene. This case study suggests that the unique geological and climatic events in the Neogene of east asia, in particular the uplift of QTP and the enhancement of monsoonal climate, may have played an essential role in formation of uneven distribution of plant diversity in the Northern Hemisphere.

关键词： asian monsoon Climatic changes Distribution range Evolutionary complexity Radiative diversification Species diversity Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP)

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Will the Globe Encounter the Warmest Winter after the Hottest Summer in 2023?

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第4期41卷 581-586页

作者： Fei ZHENG Shuai HU Jiehua MA Lin WANG Kexin LI Bo WU Qing BAO Jingbei PENG Chaofan LI Haifeng ZONG Yao YAO Baoqiang TIAN Hong CHEN Xianmei LANG Fangxing FAN Xiao DONG Yanling ZHAN Tao ZHU Tianjun ZHOU Jiang ZHU International Center for climate and environment Science(ICCES) Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China State key laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics(LASG) Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Nansen-Zhu International Research Centre(NZC) Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Center for Monsoon System Research(CMSR) Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China CAS key Lab of regional climate-environment for Temperate east asia(RCE-TEA) Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China

In the boreal summer and autumn of 2023,the globe experienced an extremely hot period across both oceans and continents.The consecutive record-breaking mean surface temperature has caused many to speculate upon how the global temperature will evolve in the coming 2023/24 boreal winter.In this report,as shown in the multi-model ensemble mean(MME)prediction released by the Institute of Atmospheric Physics at the Chinese Academy of Sciences,a medium-to-strong eastern Pacific El Niño event will reach its mature phase in the following 2−3 months,which tends to excite an anomalous anticyclone over the western North Pacific and the Pacific-North American teleconnection,thus serving to modulate the winter climate in east asia and North America.Despite some uncertainty due to unpredictable internal atmospheric variability,the global mean surface temperature(GMST)in the 2023/24 winter will likely be the warmest in recorded history as a consequence of both the El Niño event and the long-term global warming trend.Specifically,the middle and low latitudes of Eurasia are expected to experience an anomalously warm winter,and the surface air temperature anomaly in China will likely exceed 2.4 standard deviations above climatology and subsequently be recorded as the warmest winter since 1991.Moreover,the necessary early warnings are still reliable in the timely updated mediumterm numerical weather forecasts and sub-seasonal-to-seasonal prediction.

关键词： winter climate El Niño seasonal forecast GMST

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Degeneration of foundation cushion species induced by ecological constraints can cause massive changes in alpine plant communities

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第4期67卷 789-802页

作者： Jianguo Chen Xufang Chen Lishen Qian Yazhou Zhang Bo Li Honghua Shi Lu Sun Christian Schöb Hang Sun key laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of east asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China College of Resources and environment Yunnan Agricultural UniversityKunming 650500China Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación Universidad Rey Juan CarlosMóstoles 28933Spain

Foundational cushion plants can re-organize community structures and sustain a prominent proportion of alpine biodiversity,but they are sensitive to climate change.The loss of cushion species can have broad consequences for associated biota.The potential plant community changes with the population dynamics of cushion plants remain,however,unclear.Using eight plant communities along a climatic and community successional gradient,we assessed cushion population dynamics,the underlying ecological constraints and hence associated plant community changes in alpine communities dominated by the foundational cushion plant Arenaria polytrichoides.The population dynamics of Arenaria are attributed to ecological constraints at a series of life history stages.Reproductive functions are constrained by increasing associated beneficiary plants;subsequent seedling establishment is constrained by temperature,water and light availability,extreme climate events,and interspecific competition;strong competitive exclusion may accelerate mortality and degeneration of cushion populations.Along with cushion dynamics,species composition,abundance and community structure gradually change.Once cushion plants completely degenerate,previously cushion-dominated communities shift to relatively stable communities that are overwhelmingly dominated by sedges.climate warming may accelerate the degeneration process of A.polytrichoides.Degeneration of this foundational cushion plant will possibly induce massive changes in alpine plant communities and hence ecosystem functions in alpine ecosystems.The assessment of the population dynamics of foundation species is critical for an effective conservation of alpine biodiversity.

关键词： alpine ecosystem biodiversity change climate change plant community dynamics foundation species global warming population dynamics

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Central asia revealed as a key area in evolution of Eremurus (Asphodelaceae)

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Plant Diversity 2024年第3期46卷 333-343页

作者： Dilmurod Makhmudjanov Sergei Volis Ziyoviddin Yusupov Inom Juramurodov Komiljon Tojibaev Tao Deng Hang Sun CAS key laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of east asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201YunnanChina Yunnan International Joint laboratory for Biodiversity of Central asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201YunnanChina Institute of Botany Academy Sciences of UzbekistanTashkent 100125Uzbekistan University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100864China

Eremurus was described at the beginning of the 19th century.However,due to limited sampling and the small number of gene markers to date,its phylogeny and evolution are largely unknown.In this study,we analyzed plastomes from 27 species belonging to 2 subgenera and 3 sections of Eremurus,which are found in Central asia(its center of diversity)and China.We also analyzed nuclear DNA ITS of 33 species,encompassing all subgenera and sections of the genus in Central asia,southwest asia and China.Our findings revealed that the genus was monophyletic,although both subgenera Eremurus and Henningia were found to be paraphyletic.Both plastome and nrDNA-based phylogenetic trees had three clades that did not reflect the current taxonomy of the genus.Our biogeographical and time-calibrated trees suggest that Eremurus originated in the ancient Tethyan area in the second half of the Eocene.Diversification of Eremurus occurred from the early Oligocene to the late Miocene.Paratethys Sea retreat and several orogenetic events,such as the progressive uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and surrounding mountain belts(Altai,Pamir,Tian Shan),caused serious topographic and climate(aridification)changes in Central asia that may have triggered a split of clades and speciation.In this transformed Central asia,speciation proceeded rapidly driven mainly by vicariance caused by numerous mountain chains and specialization to a variety of climatic,topographic and soil conditions that exist in this region.

关键词： Asphodelaceae Asphodeloideae Plastome Central asia Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

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Eco-evolutionary evidence for the global diversity pattern of Cycas(Cycadaceae)

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2024年第6期66卷 1170-1191页

作者： Jian Liu Anders J.Lindstrom Yiqing Gong Shanshan Dong Yusheng(Chris) Liu Shouzhou Zhang Xun Gong CAS key laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of east asia Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Global Biodiversity Conservancy key laboratory of Southern Subtropical Plant Diversity Fairy Lake Botanical Garden Shenzhen & Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Earth and environmental Sciences Indiana University-Indianapolis

The evolution of the latitudinal diversity gradient(LDG), characterized by a peak in diversity toward the tropics, has captured significant attention in evolutionary biology and ecology.However, the inverse LDG(i-LDG) mechanism,wherein species richness increases toward the poles, remains inadequately explored. Cycads are among one of the oldest lineages of extant seed plants and have undergone extensive diversification in the tropics. Intriguingly, the extant cycad abundance exhibits an i-LDG pattern, and the underlying causes for this phenomenon remain largely elusive. Here,using 1,843 nuclear genes from a nearly complete sampling, we conducted comprehensive phylogenomic analyses to establish a robust species-level phylogeny for Cycas, the largest genus within cycads. We then reconstructed the spatial-temporal dynamics and integrated global environmental data to evaluate the roles of species ages, diversification rates,contemporary environment, and conservatism to ancestral niches in shaping the i-LDG pattern. We found Cycas experienced decreased diversification rates, coupled with the cooling temperature since its origin in the Eocene from continental asia. Different regions have distinctively contributed to the formation of i-LDG for Cycas, with the northern hemisphere acting as evolutionary museums and the southern hemisphere serving as cradles. Moreover, water-related climate variables,specifically precipitation seasonality and potential evapotranspiration, were identified as paramount factors constraining Cycas species richness in the rainforest biome near the equator. Notably, the adherence to ancestral monsoonal climates emerges as a critical factor in sustaining the diversity pattern. This study underscores the imperative of integrating both evolutionary and ecological approaches to comprehensively unravel the mechanisms underpinning global biodiversity patterns.

关键词： cycads latitudinal diversity gradient niche conservatism spatiotemporal diversification species richness

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Chinese New Year:A Celebration of Culture and Unity

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China Today 2024年第2期73卷 39-41页

作者： SHAHBAZ KHAN UNESCO regional Office for east asia

Many countries list the Spring Festival as a national holiday,and about one-fifth of humanity celebrates this festival in various ways.THE Chinese New Year,also known as the Spring Festival,is a time-honored social and cultural tradition that has been celebrated for thousands of years.It is a festival that not only marks the inception of a new year in Chinese lunar calendar,but also acts as a symbolic bridge to connect individuals from different cultures and backgrounds.

关键词： Unity symbolic festival

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Sub-Seasonal Predictability of the Northeast China Cold Vortex in BCC and ECMWF S2S Model Forecasts for 2006–2021

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2024年第3期38卷 453-468页

作者： Yiqiu YU Jie WU Yihe FANG Chunyu ZHAO Zongjian KE Yitong LIN Liaoning Provincial climate Centre Liaoning Provincial Meteorological Administration key Opening laboratory for Northeast China Cold Vortex Research China Meteorological Administration Panjin National climate Observatory China Meteorological Administration key laboratory for climate Prediction Studies National Climate Centre China Meteorological Administration Jilin Provincial climate Centre Jilin Provincial Meteorological Administration

As an important atmospheric circulation system in the mid–high latitudes of east asia, the Northeast China cold vortex(NCCV) substantially influences weather and climate in this region. So far, systematic assessment on the performance of numerical prediction of the NCCVs has not been carried out. Based on the Beijing climate Centre(BCC) and the ECMWF model hindcast and forecast data that participated in the Sub-seasonal to Seasonal(S2S) Prediction Project, this study systematically examines the performance of both models in simulating and forecasting the NCCVs at the sub-seasonal timescale. The results demonstrate that the two models can effectively capture the seasonal variations in the intensity, active days, and spatial distribution of NCCVs; however, the duration of NCCVs is shorter and the intensity is weaker in the models than in the observations. Diagnostic analysis shows that the differences in the intensity and location of the east asian subtropical westerly jet and the wave train pattern from North Atlantic to east asia may be responsible for the deficient simulation of NCCV events in the S2S models. Nonetheless, in the deterministic forecasts, BCC and ECMWF provide skillful prediction on the anomalous numbers of NCCV days and intensity at a lead time of 4–5(5–6) pentads, and the skill limit of the ensemble mean is 1–2 pentads longer than that of individual members. In the probabilistic forecasts of daily NCCV activities, BCC and ECMWF exhibit a forecasting skill of approximately 7 and 11 days, respectively; both models show seasonal dependency in the simulation performance and forecast skills of NCCV events, with better performance in winter than in summer.The results from this study provide helpful references for further improvement of the S2S prediction of NCCVs.

关键词： Northeast China cold vortex (NCCV) predictability sub-seasonal to seasonal (S2S) prediction deterministic forecast probabilistic forecast

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