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Nitrogen addition promotes soil carbon accumulation globally

Science China Life Sciences 2025年第1期 284-293页

作者： Xuemei Yang Suhui Ma Erhan Huang Danhua Zhang Guoping Chen Jiangling Zhu Chengjun Ji Biao Zhu Lingli Liu Jingyun Fang Institute of ecology College of Urban and Environmental Sciencesand Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of EducationPeking University Ministry of Education key laboratory for Transboundary Ecosecurity of Southwest China School of Ecology and Environmental ScienceYunnan University State key laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of Sciences

Soil is the largest carbon(C) reservoir in terrestrial ecosystems and plays a crucial role in regulating the global C cycle and climate *** nitrogen(N) deposition has been widely considered as a critical factor affecting soil organic carbon(SOC) storage, but its effect on SOC components with different stability remains unclear. Here, we analyzed extensive empirical data from 304 sites worldwide to investigate how SOC and its components respond to N addition. Our analysis showed that N addition led to a significant increase in bulk SOC(6.7%), with greater increases in croplands(10.6%) and forests(6.0%) compared to grasslands(2.1%). Regarding SOC components, N addition promoted the accumulation of plant-derived C(9.7%–28.5%) over microbial-derived C(0.2%), as well as labile(5.7%) over recalcitrant components(–1.2%), resulting in a shift towards increased accumulation of plant-derived labile C. Consistently, N addition led to a greater increase in particulate organic C(11.9%) than mineral-associated organic C(3.6%), suggesting that N addition promotes C accumulation across all pools, with more increase in unstable than stable pools. The responses of SOC and its components were best predicted by the N addition rate and net primary productivity. Overall, our findings suggest that N enrichment could promote the accumulation of plant-derived and non-mineral associated C and a subsequent decrease in the overall stability of soil C pool, which underscores the importance of considering the effects of N enrichment on SOC components for a better understanding of C dynamics in soils.

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Increase in the variability of terrestrial carbon uptake in response to enhanced future ENSO modulation

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Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2025年第1期18卷 32-38页

作者： Younong Li Li Dan Jing Peng Qidong Yang Fuqiang Yang key laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment for Temperate East Asia Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina key laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Processes in the Boundary Layer over the Low-Latitude plateau Region Department of Atmospheric ScienceYunnan UniversityKunmingChina

El Niño-Southern Oscillation(ENSO)is a major driver of climate change in middle and low latitudes and thus strongly influences the terrestrial carbon cycle through land-air *** the ENSO modulation and carbon flux variability are projected to increase in the future,but their connection still needs further *** investigate the impact of future ENSO modulation on carbon flux variability,this study used 10 CMIP6 earth system models to analyze ENSO modulation and carbon flux variability in middle and low latitudes,and their relationship,under different scenarios simulated by CMIP6 *** results show a high consistency in the simulations,with both ENSO modulation and carbon flux variability showing an increasing trend in the *** higher the emissions scenario,especially SSP5-8.5 compared to SSP2-4.5,the greater the increase in *** flux variability in the middle and low latitudes under SSP2-4.5 increases by 30.9%compared to historical levels during 1951-2000,while under SSP5-8.5 it increases by 58.2%.Further analysis suggests that ENSO influences mid-and low-latitude carbon flux variability primarily through *** occurrence may potentially be attributed to the increased responsiveness of gross primary productivity towards regional temperature fluctuations,combined with the intensified influence of ENSO on land surface temperatures.

关键词： Carbon variability ENSO modulation CMIP6 models

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Satellite remote sensing reveals overwhelming recovery of forest from disturbances in Asia

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Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2025年第1期18卷 46-51页

作者： Yiying Zhu Hesong Wang Anzhi Zhang School of ecology and Nature Conservation Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina key laboratory of Regional Climate and Environment for Temperate East Asia Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture Xinjiang Agricultural UniversityUrumqiChina

Forest ecosystems play key roles in mitigating human-induced climate change through enhanced carbon uptake;however,frequently occurring climate extremes and human activities have considerably threatened the stability of *** the same time,detailed accounts of disturbances and forest responses are not yet well quantified in *** study employed the Breaks For Additive Seasonal and Trend method-an abrupt-change detection method-to analyze the Enhanced Vegetation Index time series in East Asia,South Asia,and Southeast *** approach allowed us to detect forest disturbance and quantify the resilience after *** showed that 20%of forests experienced disturbance with an increasing trend from 2000 to 2022,and Southeast Asian countries were more severely affected by ***,95%of forests had robust resilience and could recover from disturbance within a few *** resilience of forests suffering from greater magnitude of disturbance tended to be stronger than forests with lower disturbance *** summary,this study investigated the resilience of forests across the low and middle latitudes of Asia over the past two *** authors found that most forests exhibited good resilience after disturbance and about two-thirds had recovered to a better state in *** findings of this study underscore the complex relationship between disturbance and resilience,contributing to comprehension of forest resilience through satellite remote sensing.

关键词： Forest ecosystem Enhanced vegetation index Breaks for additive seasonal and trend method Disturbance Resilience

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A new mixing equation for bed material composition in bed form dominant conditions

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2022年第4期37卷 435-446页

作者： Baozhen Jia Deyu Zhong State key laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering Tsinghua University Joint-Sponsored State key laboratory of plateau ecology and agriculture Qinghai University

Vertical mixing beneath the bed surface and its effect on sediment composition has long been underestimated. This paper proposes a mixing equation to illustrate the temporal and spatial variations of bed material composition for bed form dominant rivers. A continuous mass conservation equation for elevation-specific nonuniform bed material composition is initially presented. A vertical mixing equation is finally derived as a diffusion-type partial differential equation with a source term characterized by a vertical diffusion coefficient and the geometric dimensions of bed forms. Coupled with boundary conditions, this equation is further developed in a vertical mixing model at the scale of bed forms, in which the variations of bed material composition are clearly illustrated. The equation accounts for vertical exchange fluxes driven by bed form migration and their effect on bed material composition, which helps elucidate the mixing mechanism. In application to riverbed degradation, the proposed equation is capable to describe armoring development in consideration of the interior mixing, which provides more satisfying predictions for bed surface materials. The new mixing equation helps gain insight into predicting the variations of bed material composition during morphological changes.

关键词： Mixing equation Active layer Bed forms Grain size distribution

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Mechanical Properties of Nano-CaCO_(3) and Basalt Fiber Reinforced Concrete:Experiments and Numerical Simulations

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Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science) 2022年第5期37卷 922-932页

作者： DIAO Mushuang REN Qianhui SUN Xinjian ZHAO Yawei WEI Chengpeng State key laboratory of plateau ecology and agriculture School of Water Resources and Electric PowerQinghai UniversityXining810016China

In this study,the compressive,split tensile,and flexural strengths of concrete with nano-CaCO_(3) only were compared with those of concrete with nano-CaCO_(3) and basalt fibers through field experiments,and the underlying mechanisms were analyzed by the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) *** the mesoscale,a damage model of concrete was established based on the continuum progressive damage theory,which was used to investigate the influence of different lengths and contents of fibers on the mechanical properties of ***,the experimental and numerical simulation results were compared and analyzed to verify the feasibility of *** results show that nano-CaCO_(3) can enhance the compressive strength of the concrete,with an optimal content of 2.0%.Adding basalt fibers into the nano-CaCO_(3) reinforced concrete may further enhance the compressive,split tensile,and flexural strengths of the concrete;however,the higher content of basalt fiber can not lead to higher performance of *** optimal length and content of fiber are 6 mm and 0.20%,*** SEM result shows that the aggregation of basalt fibers is detrimental to the mechanical properties of *** numerical simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental results.

关键词： concrete nano-CaCO_(3) basalt fiber mechanical property microscopic characterization numerical simulation

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Application of Mulching Materials of Rainfall Harvesting System for Improving Soil Water and Corn Growth in Northwest of China

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Journal of Integrative agriculture 2013年第10期12卷 1712-1721页

作者： HAN Juan JIA Zhi-kuan HAN Qing-fang ZHANG Jie Chinese Institute of Water-Saving agriculture Northwest A&F University/Key Laboratory of Crop Physi-Ecology and Tillage Science in Northwestern Loess PlateauMinistry of Agriculture

The ridge and furrow rainfall harvesting（RFRH） system is used for dryland crop production in northwest of *** determine the effects of RFRH using different mulching materials on corn growth and water use efficiency（WUE）,a field experiment was conducted during 2008-2010 at the Heyang Dryland Experimental Station,*** treatments were used in the *** received uncovered mulching in all RFRH treatments whereas ridges were mulched with plastic film（PF）,biodegradable film（BF） or liquid film（LF）.A conventional flat field without mulching was used as the control（CK）.The results indicated that the average soil water storage at depths of 0-200 cm were 8.2 and 7.3%,respectively higher with PF and BF than with ***,LF improved soil water storage during the early growth stage of the *** with CK,the corn yields with PF and BF were increased by 20.4 and 19.4%,respectively,and WUE with each treatment increased by 23.3 and 21.7%,*** were no significant differences in corn yield or WUE with the PF and BF *** net income was the highest with PF,followed by BF,and the 3-yr average net incomes with these treatments were increased by 2 559 and 2 430 CNY ha-1,respectively,compared with *** and PF had similar effects in enhancing the soil water content,crop yield and net ***,it can be concluded that biodegradable film may be a sustainable ecological alternative to plastic film for use in the RFRH system in northwest of China.

关键词： corn growth mulching materials ridge and furrow rainfall harvesting soil water spring corn

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Historical and current climates affect the spatial distribution of herbivorous tree insects in China

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Journal of Forestry Research 2023年第5期34卷 1307-1321页

作者： Feixue Zhang Chunjing Wang Jizhong Wan State key laboratory of plateau ecology and agriculture Qinghai UniversityXining 810016People’s Republic of China College of agriculture and Animal Husbandry Qinghai UniversityXining 810016People’s Republic of China

Historical and current climate impacts reshape the evolutionary trajectory and ecological dynamics of entire vegetative communities,which can drive insect species *** the spatial distribution of insects can enhance forest management *** effects of historical and current climates in the spatial distribution of herbivorous tree insects in China were explored.A species distribution model simulated insect spatial distribution based on 596 species and the distribution probability and richness of these species were assessed in forest *** explanatory power of the historical climate was stronger than that of the current climate,particularly historical annual precipitation and annual mean temperatures,for the distribution of herbivorous *** both historical and current climatic conditions,herbivorous tree insects were and are mainly distributed in the North China Plain and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River Plain,namely in the Huang He Plain mixed forests,Changjiang Plain evergreen forests,and Sichuan Basin evergreen broadleaf *** Yunnan-Guizhou plateau and northeast China are regions with large impact differences between historical and current *** findings of this study provide valuable insights into herbivorous insect responses to sustained climate change and may contribute to long-term biodiversity conservation activities.

关键词： Bioclimatie variables Ecoregions Last glacial maximum Spatial distribution Species distribution model Herbivorous tree insects

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Rapid loss of leguminous species in the semi-arid grasslands of northern China under climate change and mowing from 1982 to 2011

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Journal of Arid Land 2020年第5期12卷 752-765页

作者： XU Bo HUGJILTU Minggagud BAOYIN Taogetao ZHONG Yankai BAO Qinghai ZHOU Yanlin LIU Zhiying Ministry of Education key laboratory of ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian plateau&Inner Mongolia key laboratory of Grassland ecology School of Ecology and EnvironmentInner Mongolia UniversityHohhot 010021China

Effects of mowing on the composition and diversity of grasslands varied with climate change(e.g.,precipitation and temperature).However,the interactive effects of long-term mowing and climate change on the diversity and stability of leguminous and non-leguminous species in the semi-arid grasslands are largely ***,we used in situ monitoring data from 1982 to 2011 to examine the effects of continuous mowing and climate change on the plant biomass and diversity of leguminous and non-leguminous species,and soil total nitrogen in the typical semi-arid grasslands of northern *** showed that the biomass and diversity of leguminous species significantly decreased with the increasing in the biomass and diversity of non-leguminous species during the 30-a *** in biomass were mainly affected by the long-term mowing,while variations in diversity were mainly explained by the climate ***,the normalized change rates of diversity in leguminous species were significantly higher than those in non-leguminous *** and temperature together contributed to the diversity changes of leguminous species,with mowing accounting for 50.0%and temperature 28.0%.Temporal stability of leguminous species was substantially lower than that of non-leguminous ***,soil total nitrogen decreased in the 2000s compared with the *** findings demonstrated that leguminous species were more sensitive to the long-term mowing and climate change than non-leguminous species in the semi-arid ***,reseeding appropriate leguminous plants when mowing in the semi-arid grasslands may be a better strategy to improve nitrogen levels of grassland ecosystems and maintain ecosystem biodiversity.

关键词： climate change diversity legume mowing productivity succession temporal stability

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Molecular mapping of stripe rust resistance gene YrH9017 in wheat-Psathyrostachys huashanica introgression line H9017-14-16-5-3

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Journal of Integrative agriculture 2019年第1期18卷 108-114页

作者： MA Dong-fang HOU Lu SUN Cai ZHANG Xing YIN Jun-liang GUO Qing-yun ZHU Yong-xing Qinghai Academy of agriculture and Forestry Sciences Qinghai University/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Integrated Pest ManagementQinghai Province/State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and AgricultureQinghai University Hubei Collaborative Innocvtion Center for Grain Industry/College of agriculture Yangtze University

Several new stripe rust pathogen races emerged in the wheat growing regions of China in recent *** races were virulent to most of the designated wheat seedling resistance ***,it is necessary and worthwhile to identify new valuable resistant materials for the sake of diversifying resistant sources,pyramiding different resistance genes and achieving durable ***,we identified the resistance gene,temporarily designated as YrH9017,in wheat-Psathyrostachys huashanica introgression line H9017-14-16-5-3.A total of 146 F2 plants and their derived F2:3 families in a cross of Mingxian 169 and H9017-14-16-5-3 were used to evaluate seedling stripe rust response and as a mapping ***,we constructed a genetic map including eight simple sequence repeat(SSR) markers and expressed sequence tag(EST) ***9017 was located on the long arm of chromosome 2A and closely linked with two EST-sequence tagged site(EST-STS) markers BG604577 and BE471201 at 1.3 and 1.8 cM distance,*** two closest markers could be used for marker-assisted selection of YrH9017 in breeding.

关键词： Puccinia striiformis Psathyrostachys huashanica stripe rust molecular mapping resistance gene

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Morphological change and migration of revegetated dunes in the Ketu Sandy Land of the Qinghai Lake,China

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Journal of Arid Land 2023年第7期15卷 827-841页

作者： WU Wangyang ZHANG Dengshan TIAN Lihui SHEN Tingting GAO Bin YANG Dehui School of Earth Sciences East China University of TechnologyNanchang 330013China State key laboratory of plateau ecology and agriculture Qinghai UniversityXining 810016China

Alpine revegetated dunes have been barely researched in terms of morphological change and migration within its regional aeolian environments. To reveal the sand-fixing and land-reforming mechanisms of artificial vegetation, we observed the morphology and migration of four dunes with four revegetated types(Hippophae rhamnoides Linn., Salix cheilophila Schneid., Populus simonii Carr., and Artemisia desertorum Spreng.) using unpiloted aerial vehicle images and GPS(global positioning system) mapping in 2009 and 2018. Spatial analysis of GIS(geographic information system) revealed that the revegetated dunes exhibited a steady progression from barchan dune shapes to dome or ribbons shapes mainly through knap planation, wing amplification, and slope symmetrization. Generally, conditions of northern aspects, smaller slope degree, and larger altitude of unvegetated dunes would suffer more serious wind erosion. The southward movement of dune wings with a migration speed of 2.0–5.0 m/a and the alternating motion of sand ridges in eastwestern directions led greater stability in revegetated dunes. The moving distances of revegetated dunes remarkably changed in patterns of quadratic or linear function with depositional depth. Compared with unvegetated dunes, the near-surface wind velocity of revegetated dunes decreased by 20%–30%, which led to heavy accumulation in low-flat dunes and erosion in high-steep dunes, but all vegetation species produced obvious sand-fixing benefits(100%–450% and 3%–140% in the lower and higher dune scales of revegetated dunes, respectively) with decreasing sand transport rates and increasing coverages. In practice, the four vegetation species effectively anchored mobile dunes by adapting to regional aeolian environment. However, future revegetation efforts should consider optimizing dune morphology by utilizing H. rhamnoides as a pioneer plant, S. cheilophila and *** in windward and northward dune positions, and A. desertorum in a sand accumu

关键词： artificial vegetation dune morphology migration aeolian factor species difference

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