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Signaling in Plant Disease Resistance and Symbiosis

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2008年第7期50卷 799-807页

作者： SongziZhao Xiaoquan Qi key laboratory of photosynthesis and environmental Molecular physiology Instfute of Botany the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China

Interactions between plants and microbes result in plant disease and symbiosis. The former causes considerable economic damage in modern agriculture, while the latter has produced great beneficial effects to our agriculture system. Comparison of the two interactions has revealed that a common panel of signaling pathways might participate in the establishment of the equilibrium between plant and microbes or its break-up. Plants appear to detect both pathogenic and symbiotic microbes by a similar set of genes. All symbiotic microbes seem to produce effectors to overcome plant basal defenses and it is speculated that symbiotic effectors have functions similar to pathogenic ones. Signaling molecules, salicylic acid （SA）, jasmonic acid （JA） and ethylene （ET）, are involved in both plant defense and symbiosis. Switching off signals contributing to deterioration of disease symptom would establish a new equilibrium between plant and pathogenic microbes. This would facilitate the development of strategies for durable disease resistance.

关键词： calcium signals disease resistance effector pathogen-associated molecular patterns symbiosis.

Cloning and expression analysis of a dirigent protein gene from the resurrection plant Boea hygrometrica

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2009年第3期19卷 347-352页

作者： Renhua Wu, Lili Wang, Zhi Wang, Haihong Shang, Xia Liu, Yan Zhu, Dongdong Qi, Xin Deng * key laboratory of photosynthesis and environmental Molecular physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China key laboratory of photosynthesis and environmental Molecular physiology Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China

Resurrection plants are tolerant to extreme dehydration and are useful model systems to study genes that play a role in drought tolerance. A gene fragment encoding a dirigent protein that is predicted to function in lignin biosynthesis was identified from leaves of the resurrection plant Boea hygrometrica via cDNA microarray screening. A cDNA, designated BhDIR1, containing the complete predicted open reading frame, was obtained by 50-RACE. BhDIR1 transcripts were found to be accumulated in response to changes in plant dehydration status, exogenously applied phytohormones and signaling molecules, and temperature stresses. BhDIR1 encodes a protein of 199 amino acids, which shows 20-40% similarity to dirigent proteins reported from other plants. BhDIR1 is predicted to contain a cleavable signal peptide at the N-terminal, and its plasma membrane/cell wall localization was confirmed using a GFP fusion protein assay. Consistent with this discovery, the acid-soluble lignin content decreased in dehydrated B. hygrometrica leaves. Taken together, our results indicate a protective role for a dirigent protein in response to drought stress by changing the physical characters of lignin which in turn is predicted to affect the mechanical strength and flexibility of the plant cell wall.

关键词： Resurrection plant Dirigent protein Drought Lignin Cell wall

Walnut Staminate Flowers Can Be Explored as a Supplementary Plant Oil Source

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2006年第4期48卷 377-380页

作者： Husen Jia Yinong Xu key laboratory of photosynthesis and environmental Molecular physiology Institute of Botany the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China

Fossil fuel Is currently the major energy source driving global socio-economy, but its stock Is being heavily depleted due to Increasing anthropogenic activities worldwide. There are also concerns regarding the burning of fossil fuels, which contributes to global climate warming and sir pollution. As such, the development of blodlesel as a non-toxic, blodegredable, and renewable alternative energy source using oil crops such as soybean and rapeseed has quickly emerged in the West countries. However, the production of oil crops In China Is far from sufficient to meet the demands of the country＇s population of 1.3 billion, and Increasing oil crop production Is Inhibited by a severe shortage of agricultural land, which currently averages 0.2 acre per person and, as such, Is less than half the world average. The current national policy in China regarding land use Is more towards revering cultivated lands in revins and hills to forestry, which presents an ideal opportunity to further develop plantations of walnut （Juglans regis L.） trees, a plant that is tolerant to drought and infertile soils and has a high oil content. Study In this paper shows that one ament of walnut staminate flowers produces about 0.168 g dry pollen, and the dry pollen contained 49.67% oil. Based on this discovery, oil yield obtained from staminate flowers Is estimated to reach 6.95% of that from walnut nuts. Thus walnut staminate flower is suggested to explore as supplementary plant oil source, and has a great opportunity to utilize as a biodlesel feedstock.

关键词： biodiesel feedstock oil walnut staminate flowers.

Molecular characterization of OsPRP1 from rice,which is expressed preferentially in anthers

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2003年第22期48卷 2458-2465页

作者： WU Xiaohuai, MAO Aijun, WANG Rong, WANG Tai, SONG Yanru & TONG Zhe key laboratory of photosynthesis and environmental Molecular physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China Correspondence should be addressed to Wang Tai (e-mail: twang@ ***) key laboratory of photosynthesis and environmental Molecular physiology Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

A proline-rich protein-encoding cDNA encoded by a rice gene, OsPRP1, was isolated by PCR-mediated RNA subtraction hybridization strategy and rapid amplification of cDNA ends. The deduced protein consists of 224 amino acids with the highest level of proline residue (14.29%). Following the putative signal peptide, OsPRP1 contains two structural domains, of which the N-terminal domain lacks Pro-rich repetitive sequences, and the C-terminal domain has two repetitive proline-rich sequences of 18 amino acid residues with PEPK motifs. Southern blot and sequence analysis show that OsPRP1 exists as four copies in rice genome and is localized in rice chromosome 10. RT-PCR experiments reveal that OsPRP1 is expressed preferentially in spikelets and buds with lower levels in roots and leaves. In situ hybridization indicates that OsPRP1 transcripts are present at high levels in pollen mother cells (PMCs), meiotic PMCs, tapetal cells and vascular bundle cells of flower organs. The expression of OsPRP1 in anthers has temporal specificity. The transcripts are accumulated at high levels in PMCs, at the highest levels in meiotic PMCs and at undetectable levels in uninucleate pollen. In buds the transcripts are only detected in the epidermal cells of coleoptiles and leaf primordial.

关键词：花粉囊脯氨酸蛋白质 DNA 大米

Photosynthetic Properties of Photosystem Ⅱ in Arabidopsis thaliana Ipa1 Mutant

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2006年第12期48卷 1424-1430页

作者： Lian-Wei Peng Jin-Kui Guo Jin-Fang Ma Wei Chi Li-Xin Zhang key laboratory of Arid and Grassland Ecology School of Life Sciences Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China key laboratory of photosynthesis and environmental Molecular physiology Photosynthesis Research Center Institute of Botany the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China

In a previous study, we characterized a high chlorophyll fluorescence Ipal mutant of Arabidopsis thallana, in which approximately 20% photosystem （PS） Ⅱ protein is accumulated. In the present study, analysis of fluorescence decay kinetics and thermoluminescence profiles demonstrated that the electron transfer reaction on either the donor or acceptor side of PSII remained largely unaffected in the Ipa1 mutant. In the mutant, maximal photochemical efficiency （Fv/Fm, where Fm is the maximum fluorescence yield and Fv is variable fluorescence） decreased with increasing light intensity and remained almost unchanged in wildtype plants under different light conditions. The Fv/Fm values also increased when mutant plants were transferred from standard growth light to low light conditions. Analysis of PSll protein accumulation further confirmed that the amount of PSll reaction center protein is correlated with changes in Fv/Fm in Ipal plants. Thus, the assembled PSll in the mutant was functional and also showed increased photosensitivity compared with wild-type plants.

关键词： Arabidopsis thaliana electron transfer Ipa1 photosensitivity photosystem Ⅱ.

Decrease of Photosystem Ⅱ Photochemistry in Arabidopsis ppt1 Mutant Is Dependent on Leaf Age

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2006年第12期48卷 1409-1414页

作者： Jin-Fang Ma Jin-Kui Guo Lian-Wei Peng Cui-Yun Chen Li-Xin Zhang key laboratory of Arid and Grassland Ecology School of Life Sciences Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China key laboratory of photosynthesis and environmental Molecular physiology Photosynthesis Research Center Institute of Botany the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China

In the present study, we compared the effect of leaf age at one development stage on the photosynthetic behavior of a T-DNA-tagged allele of the pptl mutant. Chlorophyll fluorescence （Fv/Fm, where Fm is the maximum fluorescence yield and Fv is variable fluorescence） and fluorescence decay kinetics of the pptl mutant were different in leaves of different ages. The steady state levels of thylakoid membrane proteins in 40-day-old leaves were decreased compared with those in 20-day-old leaves and changes in photosystem （PS） II proteins were correlated with those of the F,/Fm ratio in the pptl mutant. Increased accumulation of leaf sugars was accompanied by decreased photosynthetic gene transcripts and protein content in 40- day-old leaves of the mutant. Thus, the results of the present study provide evidence for the phosphate translocator in maintaining normal photosynthesis at a late leaf age.

关键词： Arabidopsis thaliana leaf age photosynthesis photosystem Ⅱ ppt1 mutant.

Regulation of Actin Dynamics in Pollen Tubes:Control of Actin Polymer Level

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2009年第8期51卷 740-750页

作者： Naizhi Chen Xiaolu Qu Youjun Wu Shanjin Huang Center for Signal Transduction and Metabolomics Key Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Environmental Molecular Physiology Institute of Botany the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China

Actin cytoskeleton undergoes rapid reorganization in response to internal and external cues. How the dynamics of actin cytoskeleton are regulated, and how its dynamics relate to its function are fundamental questions in plant cell biology. The pollen tube is a well characterized actin-based cell morphogenesis in plants. One of the striking features of actin cytoskeleton characterized in the pollen tube is its surprisingly low level of actin polymer. This special phenomenon might relate to the function of actin cytoskeleton in pollen tubes. Understanding the molecular mechanism underlying this special phenomenon requires careful analysis of actin-binding proteins that modulate actin dynamics directly. Recent biochemical and biophysical analyses of several highly conserved plant actin-binding proteins reveal unusual and unexpected properties, which emphasizes the importance of carefully analyzing their action mechanism and cellular activity. In this review, we highlight an actin monomer sequestering protein, a barbed end capping protein and an F-actin severing and dynamizing protein in plant. We propose that these proteins function in harmony to regulate actin dynamics and maintain the low level of actin polymer in pollen tubes.

关键词： actin-binding proteins actin dynamics pollen tube

Proteome Analysis of Inhibitory Effect of Gadolinium on Sinorhizobium fredii

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Journal of Rare Earths 2007年第1期25卷 106-110页

作者：韩威威沈世华台培东 key laboratory of photosynthesis and environmental Molecular physiology Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100093 ChinaGraduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039 China key laboratory of photosynthesis and environmental Molecular physiology Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100093 China Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016 China

The inhibitory effect of gadolinium on Sinorhizobium fredii USDA 205 was studied on a global scale using twodimensional gel electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF MS. The results indicated that 22 proteins were significantly affected by 1 mmol · L^-1 Gd^3 ＋ treatment when compared with an untreated control. Among these proteins, nine were up-regulated and thirteen were down-regulated. The differently expressed proteins were classified into 8 functional categories based on their functions, including transporters, proteins for cellular defence, and proteins involved in metabolism.

关键词： Sinorhizobium fredii proteome gadolinium rare earth elements

Isolation and Characterization of a Putative Class E Gene from Taihangia rupestris

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2007年第3期49卷 343-350页

作者： Yong-Qiang Wang Hui-Yu Tian Xiao-Qiu Du Shan-Hua Lü Wen-Liang Lu Kang Chong Zheng Meng key laboratory of photosynthesis and environmental Molecular physiology the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039 China

Studies In model plants showed that SEPALLATA （SEP） genes are required for the Identification of floral organs and the determination of floral meristems In Arabidopsis. In this paper a SEP homolog, TrSEP3, was Isolated from a China-specific species, Taihangla rupestrisi Yü et LI. Phylogenetlc analysis showed that the gene belongs to the SEP3-clade of SEP （previous AGL2） subfamily. In situ hybridization was used to reveal the potential functional specification, and the results showed that TrSEP3 expression was first observed in floral meristems and then confined to the floral primordla of the three inner whorls. In the matured flower, TrSEP3 was strongly expressed In the tips of pistils and weak In stamens and petals. The evolution force analysis shows that TrSEP3 might undergo a relaxed negative selection. These results suggested that TrSEP3 may not only function In determining the identity of floral merlstems and the primordia of three inner whorls, but also function In matured reproductive organs.

关键词： class E gene MADS-box selection pressure Taihangia rupestris