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Paleoclimate data assimilation: Principles and prospects

Science China Earth Sciences 2025年第2期68卷 407-424页

作者： Haoxun ZHANG Mingsong LI Yongyun HU key laboratory of orogenic belts and crustal evolution Ministry of EducationSchool of Earth and Space SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China State key laboratory of Shale Oil and Gas Enrichment Mechanisms and Effective Development Beijing 100083China laboratory for Climate and Ocean-Atmosphere Studies Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic SciencesSchool of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Institute of Ocean Research Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China

Reconstructing climate states during geological periods is a key focus in studying Earth system evolution. Substantial progress has been achieved in reconstructing paleoclimate and paleoenvironment using both Earth system models and paleoclimate proxies. However, current paleoclimate reconstructions face several challenges: the accuracy of Earth system model simulations relies on model parameter settings. Paleoclimate proxy data exhibit significant variability across different periods and regions, and proxy data are often sparse, hindering the accuracy and global relevance of proxy-based *** the pros and cons of these methods, paleoclimate data assimilation can effectively integrate Earth system models and paleoclimate proxy data, enhancing the precision and global relevance of reconstructions. Using approaches such as the ensemble Kalman filter as an example, this paper introduces the principles of paleoclimate data assimilation and reviews recent advancements in reconstructing paleoclimate states using these techniques. Paleoclimate data assimilation offers new insights and advanced techniques for paleoclimate reconstruction, with potential applications extending to the entire Cenozoic, Mesozoic, and even Paleozoic eras. These applications could deepen our understanding of the past climatic backgrounds of extreme climate events such as glacial-interglacial cycles, hyperthermals, and oceanic anoxic events, providing a reference for predicting future climate change.

关键词： Paleoclimate state reconstruction Paleoclimate data assimilation Earth system model Paleoclimate proxies Kalman filter

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Massive abiotic methane production in eclogite during cold subduction

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National Science Review 2023年第1期10卷 143-153页

作者： Lijuan Zhang Lifei Zhang Ming Tang Xiao Wang Renbiao Tao Cheng Xu Thomas Bader Ministry of education key laboratory of orogenic belts and crustal evolution School of Earth and Space SciencesPeking University

Methane（CH4） is a critical but overlooked component in the study of the deep carbon *** CH4produced by serpentinization of ultramafic rocks has received extensive attention,but its formation and flux in mafic rocks during subduction remain poorly ***,we report massive CH4-rich fluid inclusions in well-zoned garnet from eclogites in Western Tianshan,*** characteristics and carbon-hydrogen isotopic compositions confirm the abiotic origin of this *** P-T-fO2-fluid trajectories and Deep Earth Water modeling imply that massive abiotic CH4was generated during cold subduction at depths of 50-120 km,whereas CO2was produced during *** massive production of abiotic CH4in eclogites may result from multiple mechanisms during prograde high pressure-ultrahigh pressure *** flux calculation proposes that abiotic CH4that has been formed in HP-UHP eclogites in cold sub duction zones may represent one of the largest,yet overlooked,sources of abiotic CH4on Earth.

关键词： abiotic CH4 fluid inclusion prograde HP-UHP metamorphism CO2 Western Tianshan

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Melilite-derived mineral inclusions in chromite from the Gaositai complex: Implications for an extensional tectonic setting in Early Permian at the north North China Craton

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Science China Earth Sciences 2016年第3期59卷 583-589页

作者： SHAO Ji An TIAN Wei WEI Chun Jing ZHU Wen Ping key laboratory of orogenic belts and crustal evolution Ministry of Education School of Earth and Space Sciences Peking University

The Early Permian mafic-ultramafic concentrically zoned Gaositai intrusion at Chengde, on the northern margin of the North China Craton(NCC), is a cumulative complex emplaced along a giant fracture that penetrates deeply into the continental lithosphere. Melt inclusions are present in chromite crystals from the inner dunite and chromitite zones of the Gaositai complex. The melt inclusions have experienced post-trap crystallization and resulted in multiple mineral phases, including melilite, garnet, phlogopite, magnesite and apatite, which can indicate the liquidus minerals of the primitive magma. The characteristics of the melilite+melanite+clinopyxene assemblage indicate that the primary parental magma was highly undersaturated and derived from an alkali-rich mantle source. The crystallization of phlogopite, magnesite and apatite suggests a primary magma rich in K, H_2O and CO_2. When compared with experimental data, the primary magma of the Gaositai intrusion is concordant with a kamafugite magma originating from partial melting of enriched mantle with H_2O and CO_2 at pressures greater than 2.7 GPa. This magmatic process would have been related to extensional thinning of the continental lithosphere. The Gaositai primary magmas have high Nb/La ratios, which are similar to those of ocean island basalts, but different from arc-related magmas. This suggests that the northern margin of the NCC was not an active continental margin of the Paleo-Asian Ocean subduction zone during the Early Permian: an extensional tectonic setting during the emplacement of the Gaositai intrusion is more likely.

关键词： Melt Inclusion Melilite Primary melt Extension Continental lithosphere North China Craton

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In situ high-pressure X-ray diffraction experiments and ab initio calculations of Co_2P

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Chinese Physics B 2011年第6期20卷 336-341页

作者：张倩巫翔秦善 key laboratory of orogenic belts and crustal evolution of Ministry of education School of Earth and Space Sciences Peking University

In situ high-pressure experiments of Co2P are carried out by means of angle dispersive X-ray diffraction with diamond anvil cell technique. No phase transition is observed in the present pressure range up to 15 GPa at room temperature, even at high temperature and 15 GPa. Results of compression for Co2P are well presented by the second-order Birch-Murnaghan equation of state with V0 = 130.99（2） Aa （1 A=0.1 nm） and K0 = 160（3） GPa. Axial compressibilities are described by compressional modulus of the axis： Ka = 123（2） GPa, Kb = 167（8） GPa and Kc = 220（7） GPa. Theoretical calculations further support the experimental results and indicate that C23-type Co2P is stable at high pressure compared with the C22-type phase.

关键词： Co2P1 ab initio pressure-induced phase transition

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Geometry,kinematics and evolution of the Tongbai orogenic belt

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Science China Earth Sciences 2006年第8期49卷 828-838页

作者： HUANG Shaoying XU Bei WANG Changqiu ZHAN Sheng DENG Rongjing The key laboratory of orogenic belts and crustal evolution Peking University Ministry of EducationBeijing 100871China

The Tongbai orogenic belt(TOB)is composed of six tectonic *** south to north these units are:Tongbai gneiss rise(TGR);Hongyihe-Luozhuang eclogite belt(HLE);Ma-opo-Hujiazhai igneous rock belt(MHI);Zhoujiawan flysch belt(ZFB);Yangzhuang greenschist belt(YGB);and Dongjiazhuang marble belt(DMB).The geometry and kinematic images of the TOB in-clude:the antiformal structures caused by a later uplift process,the top-to-north ductile shear struc-ture that related to a process that the ultrahigh pressure rocks are brought to surface,the top-to-south ductile shear thrust and the sinistrial shear structures related to a south-north direction compression,and the east-west direction fold structures in the upper *** the view of the multistage subduc-tion-collision orogenic belt,according to the characters of petrology and its distribution,geometry,kinematics and structural chronology in these tectonic units,tectonic evolution of the TOB can be divided into four stages:oceanic crust subduction during 400―300 Ma,continental collision during 270―250 Ma,continental deep subduction and uplift during 250―205 Ma and doming deformation during 200―185 Ma.

关键词： Tongbai geometry kinematics tectonic unit orogenic belt evolution

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Changes in the Hydrogen-Bonded Structure of Lawsonite: An Experimental Study to 2.5 GPa and 400 ℃

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Journal of Earth Science 2010年第5期21卷 811-816页

作者：杨玉萍张立飞 key laboratory of orogenic belts and crustal evolution Ministry of Education School of Earth and Space Sciences Peking University

In-situ Raman spectroscopic ts of lawsonite in the OH and H20 stretching region were conducted up to approximately 2.5 GPa and 400 ℃ with a hydrothermal diamondanvil cell. In the experimental design at room temperature, the ratio of band-area and the width at half maximum of the decomposed Raman band shows discontinuities at 0.8 GPa, and correspondingly, the 695-cm1 peak in the low-wavenumber region was split into two peaks. In the experiments at high temperature, the splitting of the 695-cm^-1 peak was induced at 2.4 GPa and 250 ℃ These findings demonstrate the existence of discontinuities in the pressure response of the strength of the hydrogen bonds, which suggests a possible change of the hydrogen-bonded structure in lawsonite under these conditions.

关键词： lawsonite hydrogen bonded Raman spectra high pressure.

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Mesozoic and Cenozoic uplift and exhumation of the Bogda Mountain,NW China: Evidence from apatite fission track analysis

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Geoscience Frontiers 2015年第4期6卷 617-625页

作者： Wenhao Tang Zhicheng Zhang Jianfeng Li Ke Li Zhiwen Luo Yan Chen The key laboratory of orogenic belts and crustal evolution Ministry of Education department of Geology School of Earth and Space Sciences Peking University

Apatite fission track （AFT） analysis on samples collected from a Paleozoic series is used to constrain the cooling history of the Bogda Mountain, northwest China. AFT ages range from 136.2 to 85.6 Ma and are younger than rock depositional ages and the mean confined track lengths （11.0 13.2 μm） mostly showing unimodal distribution are shorten, indicating significant track-annealing. Thermal histories modeling based on the distribution of fission-track lengths combined with the regional geological data show that two rapid cooling phases occurred in the latest Jurassic-early Cretaceous and the Oligocene-Miocene. Those new data together with previous published data show that the AFT ages become younger from the southwest to northeast in the western Bogda Mountain and its adjacent areas. The fission-track ages of the southwest area are relatively older （〉100 Ma）, recording the earlier rapid uplift phase during the late Jurassic-Cretaceous, while the ages in the north pied- mont of the Bogda Mountain （namely the northeast part） are younger （〈60 Ma）, mainly reflecting the later rapid uplift phase in the Oligocene-Miocene. The trend of younger AFT ages towards the northeast might be explained by post-Cretaceous large-scale crustal tilting towards the southwest. In the thrust fault-dominated northern limbs of the Bogda Mountain, AFT ages reveal a discontinuous pattern with age-jumps across the major fault zones, showing a possible strata tilting across each thrust faults due to the thrust ramps during the Cenozoic. The two rapid uplift stages might be related to the accretion and collision in the southern margin of the Asian continent during the late Jurassic and late Cenozoic, respectively.

关键词： Apatite fission track Thermal history Exhumation Mesozoic-Cenozoic Bogda Mountain

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The influence of Cretaceous paleolatitude variation of the Tethyan Himalaya on the India-Asia collision pattern

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Science China Earth Sciences 2017年第6期60卷 1057-1066页

作者： ZHANG Ye HUANG BaoChun key laboratory of orogenic belts and crustal evolution Ministry of Education School of Earth and Space Sciences Peking University Beijing 100871 China

Identifying when, where, and how India and Asia collided is a prerequisite to better understand the evolution of the Himalayan-Tibetan Plateau. Whereas with essentially the same published paleomagnetic data, a large range of different India-Asia collision models have been proposed in the literature. Based upon the premise of a northwards-moving Indian plate during the Cretaceous times, we analyze the significant variations in relative paleolatitude produced by a nearly 90° counterclockwise(CCW)rotation of the plate itself during the Cretaceous. Interestingly, recent studies proposed a dual-collision process with a Greater India basin or post-Neo-Tethyan ocean for the India-Asia collision, mainly in the light of divergent Cretaceous paleolatitude differences of the Tethyan Himalaya between the observed values and expected ones computed from the apparent polar wander path of the Indian plate. However, we find that these varied paleolatitude differences are mainly resulted from a nearly 90° CCW rotation of a rigid/quasi-rigid Greater Indian plate during the Cretaceous. On the other hand, when the Indian craton and Tethyan Himalaya moved as two individual blocks rather than a united rigid/quasi-rigid Greater Indian plate before the India-Asia collision, current available Cretaceous paleomagnetic data permit only multiple paleogeographic solutions for the tectonic relationship between the Indian plate and the Tethyan Himalayan terrane. We therefore argue that the tectonic relationship between the Indian plate and the Tethyan Himalayan terrane cannot be uniquely constrained by current paleomagnetic data in the absence of sufficient geological evidence, and the so-called Greater India basin model is just one of the ideal scenarios.

关键词： India-Asia collision model Tethyan Himalaya Apparent polar wander (APW) path Paleolatimde Vertical-axis rotation

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Late Permian to Triassic intraplate orogeny of the southern Tianshan and adjacent regions, NW China

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Geoscience Frontiers 2014年第1期5卷 83-93页

作者： Wei Ju Guiting Hou School of Earth and Space Science Peking University The key laboratory of orogenic belts and crustal evolution Ministry of Education

The South Tianshan Orogen and adjacent regions of Central Asia are located in the southwestern part of the Central Asian orogenic Belt. The formation of South Tianshan Orogen was a diachronous, scissors-like process, which took place during the Palaeozoic, and its western segment was accepted as a site of the final collision between the Tarim Craton and the North Asian continent, which occurred in the late Palaeozoic. However, the post-collisional tectonic evolution of the South Tianshan Orogen and adjacent regions remains debatable. Based on previous studies and recent geochronogical data, we suggest that the final collision between the Tarim Craton and the North Asian continent occurred during the late Carboniferous. Therefore, the Permian was a period of intracontinental environment in the southern Tianshan and adjacent regions. We propose that an earlier, small-scale intraplate orogenic stage occurred in late Permian to Triassic time, which was the first intraplate process in the South Tianshan Orogen and adjacent regions. The later large- scale and well-known Neogene to Quaternary intraplate orogeny was induced by the collision between the India subcontinent and the Eurasian plate. The paper presents a new evolutionary model for the South Tianshan Orogen and adjacent regions, which includes seven stages：（I） late Ordovician-early Silurian opening of the South Tianshan Ocean; （11） middle Silurian-middle Devonian subduction of the South Tianshan Ocean beneath an active margin of the North Asian continent; （111） late Devonian-late Carboniferous closure of the South Tianshan Ocean and collision between the Kazakhstan-Yili and Tarirn continental blocks; （IV） early Permian post-collisional magmatism and rifting; （V） late Permian-Triassic the first intraplate orogeny; （Vt） Jurassic-Palaeogene tectonic stagnation and （VII） Neocene-Quaternary intraplate orogeny.

关键词： Central Asian orogenic Belt Northern Xinjiang South Tianshan Ocean Tectonics Tarim-North Asia collision

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Raman Scattering Spectroscopy of Phase Transition in n-Pentadecane under High Temperature and High Pressure

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Chinese Physics Letters 2009年第1期26卷 55-57页

作者：乔二伟郑海飞徐备 key laboratory of orogenic belts and crustal evolution (Ministry of education) School of Earth and Space Sciences Peking University Beijing 100871

The Raman spectroscopy of n-pentadecane is investigated in a moissanite anvil cell at normal temperatures and a diamond anvil cell under pressure to about 3000MPa and at temperature from 298 to 573K. Result indicates that at room temperature the vibration modes, assigned to the symmetric and asymmetric stretching of CH3 and CH2 stretching, shift to higher frequency and display a pressure dependent quasi-linear curve. A liquid-solid phase transition appears at a pressure of 150 MPa. The high temperature solidus line of n-pentadecane follows a quadratic function of P = 0.02369T^2 - 9.117T ＋ 725.58, in agreement with previous conclusion derived from studies of other hydrocarbons. Upon phase transition, fitting the experimental data obtained in a temperature range of 283 553 K to the Clausius-Clapeyron equation allows one to define the thermodynamic parameters of n-pentadecane of dP/dT = 0.04738T - 9.117.

关键词： field emission molybdenum dioxide enhancement factor

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