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Porcine enteric alphacoronavirus infection increases lipid droplet accumulation to facilitate the virus replication

Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第3期23卷 988-1005页

作者： Qi Gao Yongzhi Feng Ting Gong Dongdong Wu Xiaoyu Zheng Yizhuo Luo Yunlong Yang Zebu Song Lang Gong Guihong Zhang Guangdong Provincial key laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control College of Veterinary MedicineSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou 510642China Maoming Branch Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern AgricultureMaoming 525000China key laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsGuangzhou 510000China Guangdong laboratory for Lingnan modern Agriculture Guangzhou 510642China

Coronaviruses are widely transmissible between humans and animals, causing diseases of varying severity. Porcine enteric alphacoronavirus(PEAV) is a newly-discovered pathogenic porcine enteric coronavirus in recent years, which causes watery diarrhea in newborn piglets. The host inflammatory responses to PEAV and its metabolic regulation mechanisms remain unclear, and no antiviral studies have been reported. Therefore, we investigated the pathogenic mechanism and antiviral drugs of PEAV. The transcriptomic analysis of PEAV-infected host cells revealed that PEAV could upregulate lipid metabolism pathways. In lipid metabolism, steady-state energy processes, which can be mediated by lipid droplets(LDs), are the main functions of organelles. LDs are also important in viral infection and inflammation. In infected cells, PEAV increased LD accumulation, upregulated NF-κB signaling, promoted the production of the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-8, and induced cell death. Inhibiting LD accumulation with a DGAT-1 inhibitor significantly inhibited PEAV replication, downregulated the NF-κB signaling pathway, reduced the production of IL-1β and IL-8, and inhibited cell death. The NF-κB signaling pathway inhibitor BAY11-7082 significantly inhibited LD accumulation and PEAV replication. Metformin hydrochloride also exerted anti-PEAV effects and significantly inhibited LD accumulation, downregulated the NF-κB signaling pathway, reduced the production of IL-1β and IL-8, and inhibited cell death. LD accumulation in the lipid metabolism pathway therefore plays an important role in the replication and pathogenesis of PEAV, and metformin hydrochloride inhibits LD accumulation and the inflammatory response to exert anti-PEAV activity and reducing pathological injury. These findings contribute new targets for developing treatments for PEAV infections.

关键词： porcine enteric alphacoronavirus NF-κB inflammatory pathway lipid droplet metformin hydrochloride

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Dual-targeting AAV9P1-mediated neuronal reprogramming in a mouse model of traumatic brain injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第3期19卷 629-635页

作者： Jingzhou Liu Xin Xin Jiejie Sun Yueyue Fan Xun Zhou Wei Gong Meiyan Yang Zhiping Li Yuli Wang Yang Yang Chunsheng Gao State key laboratory of toxicology and Medical Countermeasures Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyBeijingChina Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine Medical CollegeTianjin UniversityTianjinChina

Traumatic brain injury results in neuronal loss and glial scar *** neurons and eliminating the consequences of glial scar formation are essential for treating traumatic brain *** reprogramming is a promising strategy to convert glial scars to neural ***,previous studies have reported inconsistent *** this study,an AAV9P1 vector incorporating an astrocyte-targeting P1 peptide and glial fibrillary acidic protein promoter was used to achieve dual-targeting of astrocytes and the glial scar while minimizing off-target *** results demonstrate that AAV9P1 provides high selectivity of astrocytes and reactive ***,neuronal reprogramming was induced by downregulating the polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 1 gene via systemic administration of AAV9P1 in a mouse model of traumatic brain *** summary,this approach provides an improved gene delivery vehicle to study neuronal programming and evidence of its applications for traumatic brain injury.

关键词： AAV9P1 astrocytes astrocyte-to-neuron conversion GFAP promoter glial scar induced neurons neuronal reprogramming P1 peptide PTBP1 traumatic brain injury

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Dynamics of perinuclear actin ring regulating nuclear morphology

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2024年第8期45卷 1415-1428页

作者： Haoxiang YANG Houbo SUN Jinghao SHEN Hao WU Hongyuan JIANG CAS key laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials Department of Modern Mechanics University of Science and Technology of China

Cells are capable of sensing and responding to the extracellular mechanical microenvironment via the actin skeleton. In vivo, tissues are frequently subject to mechanical forces, such as the rapid and significant shear flow encountered by vascular endothelial cells. However, the investigations about the transient response of intracellular actin networks under these intense external mechanical forces, their intrinsic mechanisms,and potential implications are very limited. Here, we observe that when cells are subject to the shear flow, an actin ring structure could be rapidly assembled at the periphery of the nucleus. To gain insights into the mechanism underlying this perinuclear actin ring assembly, we develop a computational model of actin dynamics. We demonstrate that this perinuclear actin ring assembly is triggered by the depolymerization of cortical actin, Arp2/3-dependent actin filament polymerization, and myosin-mediated actin network contraction. Furthermore, we discover that the compressive stress generated by the perinuclear actin ring could lead to a reduction in the nuclear spreading area, an increase in the nuclear height, and a decrease in the nuclear volume. The present model thus explains the mechanism of the perinuclear actin ring assembly under external mechanical forces and suggests that the spontaneous contraction of this actin structure can significantly impact nuclear morphology.

关键词： 92C05 92C10 92C42 actin dynamics compressive stress mechanical force nucleus O39 perinuclear actin ring Q66

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Comparison-embedded evidence-CNN model for fuzzy assessment of wear severity using multi-dimensional surface images

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Friction 2024年第6期12卷 1098-1118页

作者： Tao SHAO Shuo WANG Qinghua WANG Tonghai WU Zhifu HUANG key laboratory of Education Ministry for modern Design and Rotor-Bearing System Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China State key laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China

Wear topography is a significant indicator of tribological behavior for the inspection of machine health *** intelligent in-suit wear assessment method for random topography is here ***-dimension(3D)topography is employed to address the uncertainties in wear ***,3D topography reconstruction from a worn surface is accomplished with photometric stereo vision(PSV).Then,the wear features are identified by a contrastive learning-based extraction network(WSFE-Net)including the relative and temporal prior knowledge of wear ***,the typical wear degrees including mild,moderate,and severe are evaluated by a wear severity assessment network(WSA-Net)for the probability and its associated uncertainty based on subjective *** integrating the evidence information from 2D and 3D-damage surfaces with Dempster–Shafer(D–S)evidence,the uncertainty of severity assessment results is further *** proposed model could constrain the uncertainty below 0.066 in the wear degree evaluation of a continuous wear experiment,which reflects the high credibility of the evaluation result.

关键词： wear severity assessment contrastive learning subjective logic Dempster-Shafer(D-S)evidence theory

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Terahertz wide-angle metalens with nearly ideal object-image relation

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Chinese Optics Letters 2024年第1期22卷 147-152页

作者：王宇程洁嵘冀允允范飞常胜江 Institute of modern Optics Nankai UniversityTianjin 300350China Tianjin key laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology Tianjin 300350China Tianjin key laboratory of Optoelectronic Sensor and Sensing Network Technology Tianjin 300350China

Metalenses are essential components in terahertz imaging ***,without careful design,they show limited field of view and their practical applications are ***,a wide-angle metalens is proposed whose structure is optimized for focusing within the incident angles of±25°.Simulation and experiment results show that the focusing efficiency,spot size,and modulation transfer function of this lens are not sensitive to the incident *** importantly,this wide-angle metalens follows the ideal Gaussian formula for the object-image relation,which ensures a wider field of view and better contrast in the imaging experiment.

关键词： terahertz metalens wide-angle Gaussian formula

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Improving error-correcting capability in DNA digital storage via soft-decision decoding

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National Science Review 2024年第2期11卷 135-144页

作者：丁璐璐伍世刚候志浩李阿伦许亚苹冯虎潘玮华阮珏 Shenzhen Branch Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern AgricultureGenome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsAgricultural Genomics Institute at ShenzhenChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Guangdong Provincial key laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-BioresourcesSouth China Agricultural University

Error-correcting codes(ECCs) employed in the state-of-the-art DNA digital storage(DDS) systems suffer from a trade-off between error-correcting capability and the proportion of redundancy. To address this issue, in this study, we introduce soft-decision decoding approach into DDS by proposing a DNA-specific error prediction model and a series of novel strategies. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach through a proof-of-concept DDS system based on Reed-Solomon(RS) code, named as Derrick. Derrick shows significant improvement in error-correcting capability without involving additional redundancy in both in vitro and in silico experiments, using various sequencing technologies such as Illumina, Pac Bio and Oxford Nanopore Technology(ONT). Notably, in vitro experiments using ONT sequencing at a depth of 7× reveal that Derrick, compared with the traditional hard-decision decoding strategy, doubles the error-correcting capability of RS code, decreases the proportion of matrices with decoding-failure by 229-fold, and amplifies the potential maximum storage volume by impressive 32 388-fold. Also, Derrick surpasses ‘state-of-the-art' DDS systems by comprehensively considering the information density and the minimum sequencing depth required for complete information recovery. Crucially, the soft-decision decoding strategy and key steps of Derrick are generalizable to other ECCs' decoding algorithms.

关键词： DNA digital storage (DDS) error-correcting code (ECC) soft-decision decoding error-correcting capability storage volume

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Analysis of RNA Recognition and Binding Characteristics of OsCPPR1 Protein in Rice

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Rice science 2024年第2期31卷 215-225,I0032-I0035页

作者： ZHENG Shaoyan CHEN Junyu LI Huatian LIU Zhenlan LI Jing ZHUANG Chuxiong State key laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources/Guangdong laboratory for Lingnan modern Agriculture/College of Life Sciences South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou 510642China

Pentatricopeptide repeat(PPR)proteins represent one of the largest protein families in plants and typically localize to organelles like mitochondria and *** contrast,CYTOPLASMLOCALIZED PPR1(OsCPPR1)is a cytoplasm-localized PPR protein that can degrade OsGOLDENLIKE1(OsGLK1)mRNA in the tapetum of rice ***,the mechanism,by which OsCPPR1 recognizes and binds to OsGLK1 transcripts,remains *** protein structure prediction and macromolecular docking experiments,we observed that distinct PPR motif structures of OsCPPR1 exhibited varying binding efficiencies to OsGLK1 ***,RNA-electrophoretic mobility shift assay experiment demonstrated that the recombinant OsCPPR1 can directly recognize and bind to OsGLK1 mRNA in *** further confirmed that the mutations in the conserved amino acids in each PPR motif resulted in loss of activity,while truncation of OsCPPR1 decreased its binding *** findings collectively suggest that it may require some co-factors to assist in cleavage,a facet that warrants further exploration in subsequent studies.

关键词： OsCPPR1 RNA recognition and binding pentatricopeptide repeat rice

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New speckle pattern interferometry for precise in situ deformation measurements

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Chinese Optics Letters 2024年第1期22卷 34-40页

作者：章如月 Yu Fu 缪泓 CAS key laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials Department of Modern MechanicsUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230027China Shenzhen key laboratory of Intelligent Optical Measurement and Detection College of Physics and Optoelectronic EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China

A new electronic speckle pattern interferometry method is proposed to realize in situ deformation *** feature of the method is the combination of a high-speed camera and multiple laser Doppler vibrometers(LDVs)for synchronous *** high-speed camera is used to record and select effective interferograms,while the LDVs are used to measure the rigid body displacement caused by vibrations.A series of effective interferograms with known shifted phase values are obtained to calculate the deformation *** experimental results show that the method performs well in measuring static and dynamic deformations with high accuracy in vibrating environments.

关键词： speckle pattern interferometry laser Doppler vibrometers in situ deformation measurements

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Enhancing the ability of single-pixel imaging against the source's energy fluctuation by complementary detection

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Chinese Optics Letters 2024年第3期22卷 19-24页

作者：蔡俊杰龚文林 School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215006China key laboratory of modern Optical Technologies of the Ministry of Education Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215006China

The source's energy fluctuation has a great effect on the quality of single-pixel imaging(SPI).When the method of complementary detection is introduced into an SPI camera system and the echo signal is corrected with the summation of the light intensities recorded by two complementary detectors,we demonstrate,by both experiments and simulations,that complementary single-pixel imaging(CSPI)is robust to the source's energy *** superiority of the CSPI structure is also discussed in comparison with previous SPI via signal monitoring.

关键词： computational imaging image reconstruction complementary detection correlation function

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Hydrodechlorination of trifluoro-trichloroethane to chlorotrifluoroethylene:Revealing the deactivation mechanism and regeneration strategy of Pd-Cu/AC catalyst

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2024年第6期70卷 261-268页

作者： Song Tian Yicheng Chen Xiaoyu Wen Bingcheng Li Jian Lu Zile Li Feng Feng Qingtao Wang Qunfeng Zhang Xiaonian Li State key laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology Institute of Industrial Catalysis of Zhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhou 310014China State key laboratory of Fluorine&Nitrogen Chemicals Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research InstituteXi'an 710065China

Chlorotrifluoroethylene(CTFE)is a vital fluorinated olefinic monomer produced through the catalytic hydrodechlorination of trichlorotrifluoroethane(CFC-113),an eco-friendly ***,hydrodechlorination catalysts for olefin production often suffer from poor *** Pd/AC catalyst and Pd-Cu/AC catalyst prepared by co-impregnation method exhibited poor stability,Pd-Cu/AC catalyst with CFC-113 conversion dropping to around 37%after 50 h of hydrodechlorination ***-Emmett-Teller,transmission electron microscopy,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,and X-ray diffraction of fresh and deactivated Pd/AC catalysts indicate that the deactivation of Pd/AC catalysts is due to high-temperature agglomeration of *** analysis of fresh and deactivated Pd-Cu/AC catalysts using Brunauer-Emmett-Teller,transmission electron microscopy,and thermogravimetric analysis techniques revealed decreased dispersion of active sites,reduced surface area,catalyst aggregation deactivation,and a significant decrease in Cu ***,the results of NH3-TPD revealed that the acid sites of the catalyst increased significantly.X-ray diffraction spectra indicated the formation of new species,basic copper chloride(Cu_(2)(OH)_(3)Cl),during the *** the reaction progressed,these new species agglomerated,leading to a gradual loss of catalyst ***,the deactivated catalyst was successfully reactivated using a simple alkaline washing method.

关键词： CFC-113 Hydrodechlorination Chlorotrifluoroethylene Catalyst deactivation

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