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Correlation between the rock mass properties and maximum horizontal stress:A case study of overcoring stress measurements

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International Journal of Minerals,metallurgy and Materials 2025年第1期32卷 39-48页

作者： Peng Li Meifeng Cai Shengjun Miao Yuan Li Yu Wang key laboratory of ministry of education for Efficient mining and safety of metal mines University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China State key laboratory of Coal Resources and safe mining China University of Mining and TechnologyXuzhou 221116China

Understanding the mechanical properties of the lithologies is crucial to accurately determine the horizontal stress *** investigate the correlation between the rock mass properties and maximum horizontal stress,the three-dimensional(3D)stress tensors at 89 measuring points determined using an improved overcoring technique in nine mines in China were adopted,a newly defined characteristic parameter C_(ERP)was proposed as an indicator for evaluating the structural properties of rock masses,and a fuzzy relation matrix was established using the information distribution *** results indicate that both the vertical stress and horizontal stress exhibit a good linear growth relationship with *** is no remarkable correlation between the elastic modulus,Poisson's ratio and depth,and the distribution of data points is scattered and ***,there is no obvious relationship between the rock quality designation(RQD)and *** maximum horizontal stress σ_(H) is a function of rock properties,showing a certain linear relationship with the C_(ERP)at the same *** addition,the overall change trend of σ_(H) determined by the established fuzzy identification method is to increase with the increase of C_(ERP).The fuzzy identification method also demonstrates a relatively detailed local relationship betweenσ_H and C_(ERP),and the predicted curve rises in a fluctuating way,which is in accord well with the measured stress data.

关键词： overcoring stress measurements elastic modulus Poisson's ratio rock quality designation maximum horizontal stress fuzzy identification

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Excavation-induced deep hard rock fracturing:Methodology and applications

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2022年第1期14卷 1-34页

作者： Xia-Ting Feng Cheng-Xiang Yang Rui Kong Jun Zhao Yangyi Zhou Zhibin Yao Lei Hu key laboratory of ministry of education on safe mining of deep metal mines Northeastern UniversityShenyang110819China

To analyze and predict the mechanical behaviors of deep hard rocks,some key issues concerning rock fracturing mechanics for deep hard rock excavations are ***,a series of apparatuses and methods have been developed to test the mechanical properties and fracturing behaviors of hard rocks under high true triaxial stress *** mechanisms of stress-induced disasters in deep hard rock excavations,such as spalling,deep cracking,massive roof collapse,large deformation and rockbursts,have been *** analytical theory for the fracturing process of hard rock masses,including the three-dimensional failure criterion,stress-induced mechanical model,fracturing degree index,energy release index and numerical method,has been *** cracking-restraint method is developed for mitigating or controlling rock spalling,deep cracking and massive collapse of deep hard *** energy-controlled method is also proposed for the prevention of ***,two typical cases are used to illustrate the application of the proposed methodology in the Baihetan caverns and Bayu tunnels of China.

关键词： Spalling deep cracking Large deformation Rockbursts Excavation-induced deep hard rock fracturing Cracking-restraint method Energy-controlled method

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A novel true triaxial test system for microwave-induced fracturing of hard rocks

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2021年第5期13卷 961-971页

作者： Xia-Ting Feng Jiuyu Zhang Chengxiang Yang Jun Tian Feng Lin Shiping Li Xiangxin Su key laboratory of ministry of education on safe mining of deep metal mines Northeastern UniversityShenyang110819China

This study introduces a test system for microwave-induced fracturing of hard rocks under true triaxial *** test system comprises a true triaxial stress loading system,an open-ended microwaveinduced fracturing system,a data acquisition system,an acoustic emission(AE)monitoring system,and an auxiliary specimen loading ***-induced surface and borehole fracturing tests under true triaxial stress were fulfilled for the first time,which overcomes the problem of microwave leakage in the coupling loading of true triaxial stress and *** developing the dynamic monitoring system,the thermal response and fracture evolution were obtained during microwave *** monitoring system includes the infrared thermometry technique for monitoring rock surface temperature,the distributed optic fiber sensing technique for monitoring temperature in borehole in rock,the AE technique and two-dimensional digital speckle correlation technique for monitoring the evolution of thermal damage and the rock fracturing *** validate the advantages of the test system and investigate the characteristics of microwave-induced fracturing of hard rocks,the study demonstrates the experimental methods and results for microwave-induced surface and borehole fracturing under true triaxial *** results show that thermal cracking presented intermittent characteristics(calm eactiveecalm)during microwave-induced surface and borehole fracturing of *** addition,true triaxial stress can inhibit the development and distribution of thermal cracks during microwave-induced surface *** microwave-induced borehole fracturing occurs,it promotes the distribution of thermal cracks in rock,but inhibits the width of *** results also prove the reliability of the test system.

关键词： deep hard rock engineering True triaxial apparatus Microwave-induced fracturing of hard rocks Electromagnetic compatibility Dynamic monitoring Evolution of rock fracturing

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Microwave response characteristics and influencing factors of ores based on dielectric properties of synthetic samples

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2022年第2期14卷 315-328页

作者： Feng Lin Xia-Ting Feng Chengxiang Yang Shiping Li Jiuyu Zhang Xiangxin Su Tianyang Tong key laboratory of ministry of education on safe mining of deep metal mines Northeastern UniversityShenyang110819China

In order to understand the influence of different factors on the microwave response characteristics of ores,the effects of electrical conductivity,metal mineral content,compactness,metal mineral distribution,microwave frequency and temperature on the dielectric properties of synthetic ores(metal mineral and quartz)were *** heating tests were carried out on three types of natural ores(Hongtoushan copper ore,Sishanling iron ore and Dandong gold ore)with significant differences in metal mineral *** test results showed that under microwave irradiation,the stronger the electrical conductivity of the metal minerals,the smaller the penetration depth in synthetic *** those metal minerals with lower electrical conductivity,the microwave absorption coefficient of the synthetic samples increases with increasing metal mineral *** those metal minerals with higher electrical conductivity,the microwave absorption coefficient of the samples first increases and then decreases as the metal mineral content *** the metal minerals are distributed in layers,the penetration depth is much less than that given a uniform *** penetration depth in the sample at microwave frequency of 915 MHz is greater than that at 2.45 *** higher the electrical conductivity of metal minerals used in synthetic ores,the higher the high-temperature sensitivity of electromagnetic shielding coefficient(0.C-500.C).The Hongtoushan copper ore with high metal mineral content exhibits obvious size *** effects of ore structure and crystal particle size on the distribution characteristics of microcracks were *** on the test results,a quantitative prediction model of microwave sensitivity of ore was proposed,which provides guidance for the prediction of ore heating effect and the selection of microwave heating sequence of ore.

关键词： metal minerals Electrical conductivity metal mineral content Synthetic ore Prediction model

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An open-end high-power microwave-induced fracturing system for hard rock

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2023年第12期15卷 3163-3172页

作者： Xia-Ting Feng Jiuyu Zhang Feng Lin Chengxiang Yang Shiping Li Tianyang Tong Xiangxin Su key laboratory of ministry of education on safe mining of deep metal mines Northeastern UniversityShenyang110819China

Microwave pre-treatment is considered as a promising technique for alleviating cutter wear. This paper introduces a high-power microwave-induced fracturing system for hard rock. The test system consists of a high-power microwave subsystem (100 kW), a true triaxial testing machine, a dynamic monitoring subsystem, and an electromagnetic shielding subsystem. It can realize rapid microwave-induced fracturing, intelligent tuning of impedance, dynamic feedback under strong microwave fields, and active control of microwave parameters by addressing the following issues: the instability and insecurity of the system, the discharge breakdown between coaxial lines during high-power microwave output, and a lack of feedback of rock-microwave response. In this study, microwave-induced surface and borehole fracturing tests under true triaxial stress were carried out. Experimental comparisons imply that high-power microwave irradiation can reduce the fracturing time of hard rock and that the fracture range (160 mm) of a 915-MHz microwave source is about three times that of 2.45 GHz. After microwave-induced borehole fracturing, many tensile cracks occur on the rock surface and in the borehole: the maximum reduction of the P-wave velocity is 12.8%. The test results show that a high-power microwave source of 915 MHz is more conducive to assisting mechanical rock breaking and destressing. The system can promote the development of microwave-assisted rock breaking equipment.

关键词： Hard rock engineering High-power microwave Microwave intelligent fracturing Dynamic feedback True triaxial stress

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A testing system to understand rock fracturing processes induced by different dynamic disturbances under true triaxial compression

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2023年第1期15卷 102-118页

作者： Xia-Ting Feng Mian Tian Chengxiang Yang Benguo He key laboratory of ministry of education on safe mining of deep metal mines Northeastern UniversityShenyang110819China

In this context,a testing system to understand rock fracturing processes induced by different dynamic disturbances under true triaxial compression was *** system is mainly composed of a static loading subsystem,a dynamic loading subsystem,a specimen box subsystem,and a data measurement *** static loading subsystem uses low stiffness loss frame structure technology,which greatly improves the frame stiffness in the three principal stress directions(up to 20 GN/m)and ensures the demand of the disturbance experiment in both the prepeak and postpeak *** disturbance loads with frequency of 0e20 Hz and stress level of 0e30 MPa were applied using large flow parallel oil source technology characterized with high heat dissipation *** the disturbance loads with frequency of 100e500 Hz and stress level of 0e30 MPa,they were realized by using high-frequency and centimeter-per-second-scale low-speed disturbance rod *** rigid self-stabilizing specimen boxes were utilized to provide support for the specimen and deformation sensors,ensuring the stability and accuracy of the data *** verify the performance of the true triaxial test system,disturbance experiments were conducted on granite *** results show that the experimental device satisfies the requirements of original design,with an excellent repeatability and reliable testing results.

关键词： Low-frequency and low-amplitude full surface disturbance True triaxial system Prepeak and postpeak dynamic disturbance Rockburst-induced stress wave Blasting-induced stress wave Hard rock

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A Review of Research Progress in the Genesis of Colloform Pyrite and Its Environmental Indications

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2016年第4期90卷 1353-1369页

作者： GAO Shang HUANG Fei WANG Yinghui GAO Wenyuan key laboratory of ministry of education on safe mining of deep metal mines College of Resource and Civil Engineering Northeastern University

Colloform pyrite is a special form of nano-micro polycrystalline aggregation growth, for which a suitable term is ＂aggregates of nano-micro crystals＂. This kind of colloform texture is observed in various geological bodies, such as ancient sedimentary rocks, modern marine and lake sediments, various types of ore deposits, and modern seafloor hydrothermal vents. This paper summarizes the latest developments and research into the definition, formation mechanisms, and environmental indications of colloform pyrite. There appears to be three main formation mechanisms of colloform pyrite： pseudomorphic replacement; biogenic precipitation; and inorganic precipitation. The morphology, particle size, trace element content and preferential growth orientations of coUoform pyrite microcrystals can be important indicators for sedimentary environments, hydrothermal activity, and ore-forming processes. We suggest that the microscopic features of nano-micro crystals in colloform pyrite and their aggregation growth patterns need further investigation. The relationships between formation mechanisms of colioform pyrite, organic activity and depositional environments require further exploration. To reveal the nature of nano-micro grain aggregation growth in colloform pyrite and analyse its growth environment and evolutionary history, it is supposed to apply nanoscientific and nanotechnological methods, further integrate consideration of macroscopic geological backgrounds and microscopic mineral growth phenomena, combine high-resolution imaging systems and in situ quantitative microanalysis methods and constitute a mergence of earth science, thermodynamics and kinetics, life science, material science, and chemistry in the study.

关键词： colloform pyrite nano-micro crystals aggregation growth mechanism environmental indication nanoscience and nanotechnology

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Non-complete relief method for measuring surface stresses in surrounding rocks

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Journal of Central South University 2014年第9期21卷 3665-3673页

作者：张凤鹏邱兆国冯夏庭 key laboratory of ministry of education on safe mining of deep metal mines(Northeastern University) School of Science Northeastern University

The measurement of surface stresses in surrounding rocks with the use of a relief method of annular hole-drilling was studied by numerical analysis. The stress relief process by hole-drilling was then simulated with the use of finite element method. The influences of the borehole diameter(d), the initial stresses and the ratio of the initial principle stresses on the variations of the remained stress and the released stress in function of the relief depth(h) were discussed. The relation between the non-dimensional ratio of the released principle strains and that of the initial principle stresses, and the effect of the elastic modulus and the Poisson ratio of the rock mass on the stress relief curves were studied. The results show that the stress relief behavior formulated with the non-dimensional ratio of the released stress and the ratio of h/d is only sensitive to the ratio of the initial principle stresses and the Poisson ratio. The stresses are completely released when h equals 1.6d, and the tensile stresses take place on the bore core surface in the relief measurement process. Finally, a non-complete relief method of annular hole-drilling for measuring surface stress in surrounding rocks is proposed and the procedure is presented.

关键词： non-complete relief method surface stress in surrounding rock stress relief rate ratio of initial principal stresses ratioof released principal strains

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Rock support in strainburst-prone ground

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International Journal of mining Science and Technology 2019年第4期29卷 529-534页

作者： M.Cai MIRARCO Laurentian University Bharti School of Engineering Laurentian University key laboratory of ministry of education for safe mining of deep metal mines Northeastern University

Strainburst is the most frequently encountered type of rockburst in underground *** occurs when the stress near the excavation boundary reaches the peak strength of the rock mass causing it to fail suddenly and *** mitigate strainburst damage risk,effective rock support is *** strainburst-prone grounds,it is critical to have rock support components to fulfill the role of rock reinforcement first to prevent rock *** the other hand,well-retained and reinforced rock masses may be excessively deformed and fail *** such a case,yielding elements are needed in the rock support system to absorb the excess strain energy released due to rock *** conventional method to support strainburst-prone grounds is to install rock reinforcement system using rebar and mesh first and then install yielding support system using dynamic rockbolts at a later *** two-stage rock support installation process is not effective because it can adversely impact mine production *** paper presents a new,patented dynamic rockbolt,which is called superbolt and is developed for rock support in burst-prone *** testing confirmed that the superbolt has superb capacity to achieve the goal of reinforcing and holding rock *** superbolt is characterized by high dynamic energy absorption capacity,consistent performance,and the ability to withstand repeated dynamic *** new rockbolt can be used in a one-pass rock support system to facilitate rapid drift development in underground mines and increase mine safety and productivity.

关键词： Rockburst Strainburst Rock support Dynamic failure Energy Capacity

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Geochronology,Fluid Inclusions and Isotopic Characteristics of the Dongjun Pb-Zn-Ag Deposit,Inner Mongolia,NE China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2021年第5期95卷 1611-1633页

作者： XIE Wei WEN Shouqin ZHANG Guangliang TANG Tieqiao key laboratory of ministry of education on safe mining of deep metal mines Department of GeologyNortheastern UniversityShenyang 110819China

The Dongjun Pb-Zn-Ag deposit in the northern part of the Great Xing’an Range(NE China)consists of quartzsulfide vein-type and breccia-type mineralization,related to granite *** alteration is well-developed and includes potassic-silicic-sericitic alteration,phyllic alteration and propylitic *** stages of mineralization are recognized on the basis of field evidence and petrographic observation,demarcated by assemblages of quartz-pyritearsenopyrite(early stage),quartz-polymetallic sulfide(intermediate stage)and quartz-carbonate-pyrite(late stage).Zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating indicates that the granite porphyry was emplaced at 146.7±1.2 Ma(Late Jurassic).Microthermometry and laser Raman spectroscopy shows that ore minerals were deposited in conditions of intermediate temperatures(175-359℃),low salinity(0.5-9.3 wt% Na Cl eqv.)and low density(0.60-0.91 g/cm^(3)).Ore-forming fluids were derived largely from magmatic hydrothermal processes,with late-stage addition of meteoric water,belonging to a H_(2)O-NaCl-CO_(2)±CH_(4) *** δ^(34)SV-CDT values range from 0.75‰ to 4.70‰.The ^(206)Pb/^(204)Pb,^(207)Pb/^(204)Pb,and ^(208)Pb/^(204)Pb values of the ore minerals are in the ranges of 18.240-18.371,15.542-15.570,and 38.100-38.178,*** for the S and Pb isotopic systems indicate that the ore-forming metals and sulfur were derived from Mesozoic *** on the geological characteristics and geochemical signatures documented in this study,we conclude that the Dongjun deposit is a mesothermal magmatic hydrothermal vein-type Pb-Zn-Ag deposit controlled by fractures and related to granite porphyry,in response to Late Jurassic tectonic-magmatic-hydrothermal *** further conclude that fluid immiscibility,fluid mixing and fluid-rock interactions were the dominant mechanisms for deposition of the ore-forming materials.

关键词： zircon U-Pb dating fluid inclusions H-O-S-Pb isotopes mesothermal Pb-Zn-Ag deposit Dongjun northern Great Xing’an Range

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