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Formation and evolution of supercritical geofluid

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Science China Earth Sciences 2025年第1期68卷 39-51页

作者： Huaiwei NI Yilin XIAO Xiaolin XIONG Xiandong LIU Chunxiao GAO Yi-Xiang CHEN Yunguo LI Wan-Cai LI Xuan GUO Yang-Yang WANG Dong-Bo TAN Li ZHANG State key laboratory of lithospheric and Environmental Coevolution University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026China Deep Space exploration laboratory/School of Earth and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026China Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou510640China School of Earth Sciences and Engineering Nanjing UniversityNanjing210023China State key Lab of Superhard Materials Jilin UniversityChangchun130012China

In this work,we provide a comprehensive review on the formation,evolution,properties,and effects of supercritical *** Earth's interior,enhanced miscibility between H_(2)O and silicate by the addition of special components or by the increase of pressure and temperature gives rise to supercritical geofluid with a significant amount of both H_(2)O and silicate *** formation of supercritical geofluid in magmatic-hydrothermal systems,typified by pegmatite system,is governed by meltfluid critical *** formation of supercritical geofluid in metamorphic systems,typified by subducted slab,is governed by the second critical end *** results suggest that the presence of boron and fluorine in pegmatite system makes it possible to form supercritical geofluid at crustal depths,but the release of supercritical geofluid from subducted slab is withheld until almost 100 km depth.A major presence of both H_(2)O and depolymerized structural units(monomers,dimers,etc.)endows supercritical geofluid with unique physical properties including low density,low elastic moduli,low viscosity,high diffusivity,and high electrical *** geofluid can effectively mobilize a variety of elements even including high field strength elements and heavy rare earth *** chemical signatures of supercritical geofluid can be inherited by metasomatized mantle and mantle-derived melts,and this could give an explanation of the oxidation of arc *** separation of supercritical geofluid through the mechanism of spinodal decomposition leads to formation of a melt *** fluid inclusions recovered from subduction zone rocks and pegmatites are possible relics of supercritical *** geofluid can cause electrical anomaly and low seismic velocity near the top of subducted slab,and can be linked with intermediate-focus *** geofluid may have played a crucial role in the formation of pegmatites and associ

关键词： Supercritical geofluid Miscibility Subduction zone Pegmatite

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Mesozoic multi-direction collision tectonic evolution of the Ordos Basin, China: Insights from the detrital zircon and apatite (U-Th)/He analyses

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China Geology 2025年第1期8卷 141-158页

作者： Yin Chen Jian-guo Li Lu-lu Chen Hua-lei Zhao Tianjin Center of China Geological Survey Tianjin 300170China key laboratory of Uranium Geology China Geological SurveyTianjin 300170China Cores and Samples Center of Natural Resources China Geological SurveyLangfang 065201China key laboratory of tectonics and Petroleum Resources China University of Geosciences(Wuhan)Wuhan 430074China

The Ordos Basin(OB)in the western part of the North China Craton(NCC),was located at the jointed area of multi-plates and has recorded the Mesozoic tectonic *** tectonic evolution in the Mesozoic is significant to understand the tectonic transformation of the northern margin of the *** this work,the detrital zircon and apatite(U-Th)/He chronological system were analyzed in the northern part of the OB,and have provided new evidence for the regional tectonic ***(U-Th)/He chronological data states the weighted ages of 240‒235 Ma,141 Ma with the peak distribution of 244 Ma,219 Ma,173 Ma,147‒132 *** thermal evolution,geochronological data,and regional unconformities have proved four stages of regional tectonic evolution for the OB and its surroundings in the Mesozoic:(1)The Late Permian-Early Triassic;(2)the Late Triassic-Early Jurassic;(3)the Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous;(4)the Late Cretaceous-Early *** is indicated that the multi-directional convergence from the surrounding tectonic units has controlled the Mesozoic tectonic evolution of the ***-stage tectonic evolution reflected the activation or end of different plate movements and provided new time constraints for the regional tectonic evolution of the NCC in the Mesozoic.

关键词： Zircon and Apatite(U-Th)/He Tectonic evolution Geochronology Four stages of regional tectonic Ordos Basin Oil-gas-bearing basin Multi-direction collision Oil-gas exploration engineering Mesozoic North China Craton

Geochemistry of the Middle to Late Permian limestones from the marginal zone of an isolated platform(Laibin,South China)

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Science China Earth Sciences 2013年第10期56卷 1688-1700页

作者： QIU Zhen WANG QingChen YAN DeTian State key laboratory of lithospheric Evolution Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of Sciences PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum exploration and Development key laboratory of tectonics and Petroleum Resources of Ministry of Education University of Geosciences

Major, trace and rare earth elements were measured in 27 samples of the Middle to Late Permian limestones from the Tieqiao section located on the marginal zone of an isolated platform （Laibin, South China）. Shale-normalized REE＋Y patterns of all samples show notably negative Ce anomalies （0.21-0.66, average 0.33）, slightly positive Gd anomalies （1.08-1.30, average 1.20）, and positive Y anomalies with superchondritic Y/Ho ratios （36-91, average 55）, which are consistent with those of modern shallow seawater. Their relative LREEs enrichment with higher NdsN/YbsN ratios （0.58-1.80） than those of modern shallow seawater （0.21-0.50） suggests complicated sources of REEs for all samples. Compared with geochemical features of sediments influenced by terrigenous particles and hydrothermal fluids, it is concluded that ambient shallow seawater was the primary source of REEs in these limestones. Comparing the indicators of REE＋Y elements （ZREE, NdsN/YbsN, Ce/Ce＊, Gd/Gd＊, Eu/Eu＊ and Y/Ho） in limestones with those in bedded cherts from the Tieqiao section, we consider that limestone and bedded chert have similar sources of REE＋Y elements： ambient shallow seawater with more or less hydrothermal fluids. In addition, there is a completely negative correlation between CaCO3 and SiO2 contents in limestones and bedded cherts. These results imply that precipitation of CaCO3 was inhibited by that of SiO2 which was derived mainly from hydrothermal fluid, es- pecially in bedded cherts from the Tieqiao section.

关键词： geochemistry rare earth element limestone the Middle to Late Permian South China

Earthquake monitoring and high-resolution velocity tomography for the central Longmenshan fault zone by a temporary dense seismic array

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2025年第02期9卷 239-252页

作者： ShaoBo Yang HaiJiang Zhang MaoMao Wang Ji Gao Shuaijun Wang BaoJin Liu XiWei Xu School of Carbon Neutrality Science and Engineering Anhui University of Science and Technology laboratory of Seismology and Physics of Earth's Interior School of Earth and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of China Mengcheng National Geophysical Observatory University of Science and Technology of China Institute of tectonics and Geophysics College of Oceanography Hohai University Geophysical exploration Center China Earthquake Administration School of Earth Sciences and Resources China University of Geosciences

The Longmenshan（LMS） fault zone is located at the junction of the eastern Tibetan Plateau and the Sichuan Basin and is of great significance for studying regional tectonics and earthquake hazards. Although regional velocity models are available for the LMS fault zone, high-resolution velocity models are lacking. Therefore, a dense array of 240 short-period seismometers was deployed around the central segment of the LMS fault zone for approximately 30 days to monitor earthquakes and characterize fine structures of the fault zone. Considering the large quantity of observed seismic data, the data processing workflow consisted of deep learning-based automatic earthquake detection, phase arrival picking, and association. Compared with the earthquake catalog released by the China Earthquake Administration, many more earthquakes were detected by the dense array. Double-difference seismic tomography was adopted to determine Vp, Vs, and Vp/Vsmodels as well as earthquake locations. The checkerboard test showed that the velocity models have spatial resolutions of approximately 5 km in the horizontal directions and 2 km at depth. To the west of the Yingxiu–Beichuan Fault（YBF）, the Precambrian Pengguan complex, where most of earthquakes occurred, is characterized by high velocity and low Vp/Vsvalues. In comparison, to the east of the YBF, the Upper Paleozoic to Jurassic sediments, where few earthquakes occurred, show low velocity and high Vp/Vsvalues. Our results suggest that the earthquake activity in the LMS fault zone is controlled by the strength of the rock compositions. When the high-resolution velocity models were combined with the relocated earthquakes, we were also able to delineate the fault geometry for different faults in the LMS fault zone.

关键词： Longmenshan fault zone dense seismic array deep learning double-difference seismic tomography seismic velocity model earthquake locations fault geometry

Intricate Fault Systems in Longmenshan Structural Belt's Northern End:Exploring Structural Evolution and Seismic Rupture Behavior in the Eastern Tibetan Plateau

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Journal of Earth Science 2025年第1期36卷 250-265页

作者： Hanyu Huang Renqi Lu Dengfa He Jinliang Gao Weikang Zhang Lingyu Kang State key laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics Institute of GeologyChina Earthquake AdministrationBeijing 100029China State key laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Institute of Sedimentary GeologyChengdu University of TechnologyChengdu 610059China College of Energy Resources China University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum exploration and Development Beijing 100083China

The Longmenshan structural belt on the eastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau experienced the impactful Mw7.92008 Wenchuan Earthquake,causing a 350 km surface *** models attribute this to the Beichuan and Pengguan faults,but our research reveals a complex fault system at the northern end,with inconsistencies in surface rupture,aftershock distribution,and focal *** integrate shallow geology,active source seismic reflection,and magnetotelluric profiling to establish a deep structural model for the northern end of the Longmenshan structural *** area exhibits dominant reverse thrust nappe tectonics,and analyzing the tectonic evolution history provides insights into deformation propagation from the orogenic belt toward the Sichuan *** mechanism analysis and relocated aftershock data reveals two distinct types of seismogenic structures in the northern end of the Longmenshan structural *** the middle to northern segments,the reverse fault type is attributed to reactivated pre-existing ***,at the northern end,the strike-slip fault type originates from high-angle co-seismic rupture cutting through pre-existing reverse *** study enhances our understanding of fault complexity and seismic mechanisms in the northeastern Longmenshan structural belt,providing new insights into regional tectonics.

关键词： Longmenshan structural belt fault system structural evolution tectonics earthquakes focal mechanism

Rhenium-osmium isotope constraints on the age and source of the platinum mineralization in the Lower Cambrian black rock series of Hunan-Guizhou provinces, China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2003年第9期46卷 919-927页

作者：李胜荣肖启云申俊峰孙丽刘波阎柏琨江永宏 key laboratory of lithospheric tectonics Ministry of Education of China China University of Geosciences Beijing 100083 China

The shale at the bottom of the Lower Cambrian black series in South China is rich in nonferrous metals, noble metals, rare and dispersed elements and radioactive elements, known as polyelement-rich bed. In order to date and trace the source of the platinum group elements, 6 samples were collected from the Zhongnan region of Guizhou Province, and the Ganzi- ping-Sancha region of Hunan Province. The contents and isotopes of Re and Os were measured. Re and Os are positively correlated with each other and the correlation coefficient between 187Os/188Os and 187Re/188Os is 0.99856. On the 187Os/188Os-187Re/188Os diagram, 6 sample points are well-distributed along the (542±11) Ma fitting isochron in high coincidence and with 0.84±0.12 as the initial 187Os/188Os value. The result displays that the age value of the major mineralization of Re, Os and other platinum group elements is (542±11) Ma, which is identical with the stratigraphical age of the wall rocks; the polyelement beds in Hunan and Guizhou provinces bear high isochroneity; the differences of the forming times of different materials in the polyelement bed of the same area do not surpass the error limit permissible for Re-Os date fitting; there exists no distinct time interval between the formation of the diagenetic veinlets and that of the polyelement bed, or the Re-Os isotope composition has not been distinctly changed by the former process; basaltic crust might be the major source of Re, Os, other platinum group and trace elements in the Lower Cambrian polyelement bed of Hunan and Guizhou provinces.

关键词： bottom of Cambrian System, black rock series, Re-Os isotopes, dating, source of materials, Hunan and Guizhou provinces, China.

Thermodynamic conditions of framework grain dissolution of clastic rocks and its application in Kela 2 gas field

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Science China Earth Sciences 2005年第1期48卷 21-31页

作者： LAI Xingyun, YU Bingsong, CHEN Junyuan, CHEN Xiaolin, LIU Jianqing, MEI Mingxiang, JING Weiguang & CHENG Suhua School of Earth Sciences and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China key laboratory of lithospheric tectonics, Deep-level Process and exploration of Ministry of Education, Beijing 100083, China 1. China University of Geosciences School of Earth Sciences and Mineral Resources 100083 Beijing China 2. key laboratory of lithospheric tectonics Deep-level Process and Exploration of Ministry of Education 100083 Beijing China

Feldspar and clastic debris are the most important constituent framework grains of sedimentary clastic rocks and their chemical dissolution plays an essential role in the formation and evolution of the secondary pore in the reservoir rocks. On the basis of thermodynamic phase equilibrium, this study investigates the chemical equilibrium relationships between fluid and various plagioclase and K-feldspar in diagenesis of the sediments, particularly, the impact of temperature and fluid compositions (pH, activity of K+, Na+, Ca2+ and so on) on precipitation and dissolution equilibria of feldspars. Feldspar is extremely easily dissolved in the acid pore water with a low salinity when temperature decreases. The dissolution of anorthite end-member of plagioclase is related to the Ca content of the mineral and the fluid, higher Ca either in the mineral or in the fluid, easier dissolution of the feldspar. Moreover, the dissolution of albite end-member of plagioclase is related to Na of both the mineral and fluid, lower Na out of both the mineral and fluid, easier dissolution of the mineral. Similarly, lower-K fluid is more powerful to dissolve K-feldspar than the higher. The anorthite component of plagioclase is most easily dissolved in ground water-rock system, the albite is the secondary, and K-feldspar is the most stable. Selective dissolution of plagioclase occurs in diagenesis because of the plagioclase solid solution that is mainly composed of albite and anorthite end-members, Ca-rich part of which is preferentially dissolved by the pore water, in contrast to the Na-rich parts. Based on investigation of reservoir quality, secondary pore, dissolution structures of feldspar, clay minerals and ground water chemistry of the Kela 2 gas field of Kuqa Depression in the Tarim basin of Western China, we discovered that the secondary pore is very well developed in the highest quality section of the reservoir, and the plagioclase of which was obviously selectively dissolved, in c

关键词： dissolution of feldspar, thermodynamic conditions, groundwater pore chemistry, Kela 2 gas field.

Tectonic Evolution of the Ailao Shan-Red River Fault since the Middle Miocene from Apatite Fission Track Thermochronology and its Implications for Tibetan Plateau Growth

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2025年第1期99卷 126-143页

作者： GONG Wei LI Chaoyang JIANG Liang WANG Yuyan LI Hongyu ZHAO Lihong ZHAO Faqiang key laboratory of Submarine Geosciences and Prospecting Techniques Ministry of Education and College of Marine GeosciencesOcean University of ChinaQingdaoShandong 266100China laboratory for Marine Mineral Resources Qingdao Marine Science and Technology CenterQingdaoShandong 266237China College of Earth Science and Engineering Shandong University of Science and TechnologyQingdaoShandong 266590China Shandong Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical exploration Jinan 250013China

The temporal and spatial evolution of the Ailao Shan-Red River(ASRR)fault zone,which serves as an important accommodation zone for the extrusion and escape of the Southeastern Tibetan Plateau,is crucial for analyzing the uplift and growth of the *** on the petrology and apatite fission track analysis,the tectonic history and active pattern of the ASRR fault zone since the middle Miocene are determined in this *** ASRR fault zone exhibits 12-8Ma and 8-4 Ma rapid cooling phases since the middle *** 12-8 Ma and 8-4 Ma cooling may imply that the dextral movement of the ASRR fault zone presents a migration trend from northwest to southeast,accompanied by the weakening of the activity intensity,which is directly related to deformation processes,including extrusion boundary migration and active tectonic movements of the southeastern Tibetan Plateau,since the middle-late Miocene.

关键词： apatite fission track extrusion tectonics middle Miocene Ailao Shan-Red River fault zone Tibetan Plateau

Sequence-Stratigraphic Framework from the Carboniferous to the Permian Chuanshanian Epoch in Dianqiangui Basin and Its Adjacent Areas, Southwest China

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Journal of China University of Geosciences 2005年第3期16卷 231-249页

作者： Mei Mingxiang Ma Yongsheng Deng Jun Meng Qingfen Li Donghai key laboratory of lithospheric tectonics and Lithoprobing Techonology of Ministry of Education China University of Geosciences Beijing 100083 China

The Carboniferous can be divided into four series in the Dianqiangui basin and its adjacent areas, Southwest China： the Yanguanian series, the Datangian series, the Weiningian series and the Mapingian series. The Maping Formation, traditionally used as the lithostraUgraphic unit of the Upper Carboniferous, became an inter-system unit from the Carboniferous to the Permian. Thus, the top part of the Carboniferous and the bottom part of the Permian （Chuaushanian series） constitute a third-order sequence in the Dianqiangui basin and its adjacent areas. In the study area, the Carboniferous system and the Chuanshanian series of the Permian constitute a second-order sequence that can be subdivided into 6 third-order sequences. The bottom boundary of this second-order sequence is an unconformity formed in the principal episode of the Ziyun movement （the second episode）, and the top boundary is also an unconformity formed in the principal episode of the Qiangui movement （the second episode）. In different paleogeographical backgrounds, the strata from the Carboniferous to the Permian Chuanshanian epoch are marked by different sedimentary features. For example, coal measures and more dolomitic strata are developed in the attached platform; carbonate rocks mainly constitute the isolated platform strata; the inter-platform ditch strata are mainly composed of dark and fine sediments. Therefore, third-order sequences with different architectures of sedimentary-facies succession are formed in different paleogeographical backgrounds. Although the third-order sequences are different in the architecture of sedimentary-succession in space, the processes of their depositional environmental changes due to the third-order relative sea-level changes are simultaneous. Biostratigraphically, the surfaces of the thirdorder sequences can be correlated and traced in space; the framework of sequence stratigraphy from the Carboniferous to the Chuanshanian epoch of the Permian can be established in

关键词： sequence stratigraphy Carboniferous to Permian Chuanshanian epoch Dianqiangui basin