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Research on the deformation mechanism of flexural toppling deep-seated landslides based on large centrifuge physical model testing: A case study of the Genie landslide in the Tibetan Plateau

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Journal of Earth Science 2025年

作者： Shichao Cao Xiujun Dong Changbao Guo Ruian Wu Zhihua Yang Guang Zheng Xiaoqiang Zhu State key laboratory of geohazard prevention and geoenvironment protection， Chengdu University of Technology Institute of Geomechanics， Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences key laboratory of Active Tectonics and Geological Safety， Ministry of Natural Resources

Flexural toppling is a widespread failure mode in natural and excavated anti-inclined rock slopes of the eastern Tibetan Plateau， which can further evolve into large deep-seated landslides， posing significant threats to the construction and operation of important infrastructure. In this study， we took the large deep-seated Genie landslide as a case study and established a centrifuge physical model to analyze the deformation mechanism and evolutionary process of flexural toppling deep-seated landslides under the effect of gravity. The results indicate that the geomechanical mode of landslide instability is characterized by flexural toppling-shearing-sliding， with the deformation process could be divided into three stages: initial slow deformation stage marked by crack generation， rapid deformation stage characterized by the expansion and fracturing of cracks， and a low-speed deformation stage characterized by creep. Notably， the sliding surfaces do not adhere strictly to predefined bending zones but develop cracks along the bending parts， which gradually expand and penetrate deeper， eventually forming multiple potential sliding surfaces. The analysis of the entire process deformation evolution of flexural toppling deep-seated landslides suggests that the rapid deformation stage is the optimal time to take action for landslide prevention and control. The study demonstrates that the shear strength also plays a key factor in the evolution of flexural toppling. The research reveals the deformation mechanism and evolutionary process of large deep-seated landslides in deep-cut canyon areas， providing valuable reference for the prediction， assessment， and prevention of such slopes and landslides.

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Methods and mechanisms for enhancing the water retention properties of Jiuzhaigou disintegrated rubble soils

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Journal of Mountain Science 2025年第2期22卷 729-746页

作者： WEI Zeming XI Hongchao PEI Xiangjun ZHANG Xiaochao QIU Mao HUANG Tiao WANG Zhaocheng JIANG Junlian DU Jie JIAN Daijun State key laboratory of geohazard prevention and geoenvironment protection Chengdu University of TechnologyChengdu 610059China Tianfu Yongxing laboratory Research Center for Carbon Sequestration and Ecological Restoration Chengdu 610213China Jiuzhaigou Administration Aba 623400China

Rubble deposits with a high concentration of rock debris were created after the powerful earthquakes in *** of the restricted soil resources,water leaks,and nutrient deficits,these deposits pose serious obstacles for vegetation *** purpose of this study was to investigate the main mechanisms controlling soil water retention and evaluate the effects of different amendments on the hydraulic characteristics and water-holding capacity of collapsed rubble *** soil,forest humus,crushed straw,and organic components that retain water were added to the altered soils to study the pore structure images and soil-water characteristic *** understory humus to other supplements,the results showed a considerable increase in the soil's saturated and wilting water *** saturated water content and wilting water content rose by 17.9%and 4.3%,respectively,when the percentage of understory soil reached 30%.Additionally,the enhanced soil's microporosity and total pore volume increased by 45.33%and 11.27%,respectively,according to nuclear magnetic *** was shown that while clay particles and organic matter improved the soil's ability to adsorb water,they also increased the soil's total capacity to store *** particulate matter did this by decreasing macropores and increasing capillary *** results offer an essential starting point for creating strategies for soil repair that would encourage the restoration of plants on slopes that have been damaged.

关键词： Pile-ups Amendments Crumbling rubble soils Water holding capacity Soil-water characteristic curves

Yielding performance of compact yielding anchor cable in working state:Analytical theory and experimental evaluation of yielding resistance enhancement effect

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2025年第1期35卷 101-120页

作者： Zhenyu Wang Bo Wang Xinxin Guo Jinjin Li Zhenwang Ma State key laboratory of Intelligent Geotechnics and Tunnelling Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 610031China State key laboratory of geohazard prevention and geoenvironmental protection Chengdu University of TechnologyChengdu 610059China China Design Group Co. Ltd.Nanjing 210001China

To elucidate the yielding performance of compact yielding anchor cables in working state,a yielding mechanical model incorporating extrusion friction and fastening rotation under confining pressure is *** yielding resistance enhancement effect(ω)caused by working environment constraints is evaluated through multi-layer composite sleeve hole expansion analysis,forming a theoretical framework for calculating the working yielding *** and in-situ pull-out tests are conducted to determine the yielding performance and validate the analytical *** main conclusions are:(1)Yielding force and energy-release capacity increase withω,significantly outperforming the unconfined state.(2)In-situ tests under varying rockmass and geostress conditions(F1–F3)determine the yielding force increases to 183.4–290.1,204.0–290.8,and 235.0–327.1 kN.(3)The slight deviation(–12.5%to 6.2%)between the theoretical and measured yielding force confirms that the analytical theory effectively describes the working yielding performance.(4)ωincreases with higher geostress and improved rock mechanical properties,with initial geostress(σ_(0))and elastic modulus of surrounding rock(E_(3))identified as critical parameters.

关键词： Compact yielding anchor cables Working state Yielding resistance enhancement effect Yielding mechanical performance Pull-out test

Removal of perchlorate from aqueous solution by cross-linked Fe(Ⅲ)-chitosan complex

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2014年第4期26卷 792-800页

作者： Long Lv Yanhua Xie Guoming Liu Guo Liu Jing Yu State key laboratory of geohazard prevention and geoenvironment protection Chengdu University of Technology

Cross-linked Fe（III）-chitosan composite （Fe-CB） was used as the adsorbent for removing perchlorate from the aqueous solution. The adsorption experiments were carried out by varying contact time, initial concentrations, temperatures, pH, and the presence of co-existing anions. The morphology of the adsorbent was discussed using FT-IR and SEM with X-EDS analysis. The pH ranging from 3.0-10.2 exhibited very little effect on the adsorption capability. The perchlorate uptake onto Fe-CB obeyed Langmuir isotherm model. The adsorption process was rapid and the kinetics data obeyed the pseudo second-order model well. The eluent of 2.5% （W/V） NaC1 could regenerate the exhausted adsorbent efficiently. The adsorption mechanism was also discussed.

关键词： cross-linked Fe(III)-chitosanadsorptionperchlorateregeneration

Temperature effects on the mechanical properties of slates in triaxial compression test

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Journal of Mountain Science 2017年第12期14卷 2581-2588页

作者： MENG Lu-bo LI Tian-bin CAI Guo-jun State key laboratory of geohazard prevention and geoenvironment protection Chengdu University of Technology

High geothermal temperatures appear to be unfavorable for the construction of tunnels in slate rocks with high overburden. To investigate the mechanical characteristics of slates at various levels of geothermal temperature, conventional triaxial compression tests at different levels of confining stress were carried out at 4 different temperatures from 20℃ to 120℃. The obtained results show high confining pressures weaken the thermal effects on rock mechanical characteristics while higher temperatures enhance the effect of confining *** higher levels of confining stress the thermal effects on the rock strength characteristics decrease. The higher the temperature, the larger is the effect of confining pressure on the mechanical characteristics of the slate. Increase of temperature leads to a decrease of the peak strength but increases the deformability and ductility of the slate, the thermo effect on the peak strength and Poisson's ratio is larger than on the elastic modulus. Higher temperatures reduce the shear strength of slate, the decrease is mainly caused by a decrease of the cohesion. In general, the slate samples fail in shear failure.

关键词： Temperature effect Slate Mechanical feature Triaxial test

Reproduction of the Sedimentary Disturbance Phenomenon of the Diexi Ancient Landslide-Dammed Lake under Earthquake

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Journal of Mountain Science 2015年第5期12卷 1181-1188页

作者： WEI Yu-feng WANG Xiao-qun SHENG Man ZHOU Zhou YUAN Yong State key laboratory of geohazard prevention & geoenvironment protection Chengdu University of Technology

Valuable geological and environmental information can be obtained from the 200 m thick lacustrine sediments in the Diexi lake(an ancient landslide-dammed lake) of the Minjiang River. The shaking table test method was employed to study the disturbance phenomena which occurred in the Diexi lake sediments. The results show that the disturbance phenomena were caused by liquefaction-induced flows in the unconsolidated lacustrine sediments, due to triggering by earthquakes. The deformations only occurred in unconsolidated sediment layers and not in consolidated layers. This means that a consolidated layer cannot be liquefied and disturbed again by an earthquake for a second time. The disturbance on one layer corresponds to only one earthquake. The temporal occurrence of earthquakes could be determined by disturbance layers generated at different ages. In total, 10 disturbed layers were found in the lacustrine sediments of the Diexi lake. The experiments showed that there were more than 10 earthquakes between 30 ka B.P. and 15 ka B.P. in the Diexi lake area based on the dating of the disturbed sediment layers.

关键词： Minjiang River Diexi lake Landslide Earthquake disturbance deformation Simulatingexperiment

Rolling motion behavior of rockfall on gentle slope:an experimental approach

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Journal of Mountain Science 2017年第8期14卷 1550-1562页

作者： CUI Sheng-hua PEI Xiang-jun HUANG Run-qiu State key laboratory of geohazard prevention and geoenvironment protection Chengdu University of Technology

The effects of slope surface material, slope gradient, block shape, and block mass conditions on rockfall rolling velocity were estimated with orthogonal test approach. Visual analysis shows that the importance of the factors is slope surface material > slope gradient > block shape > block mass. All the factors except block mass have the F value greater than the critical value, suggesting that these three factors are the key factors affecting the rockfall rolling velocity. Factor interaction analysis shows that the effect of the slope gradient relies largely on the slope surface conditions, and the block shape has little influence if the slope gradient is larger than a critical value. An empirical model considering the three key factors is proposed to estimate the rolling velocity, of which the error is limited to 5% of the testing value. This model is validated by 73 field tests, and the prediction shows excellent correlation with the site test. Thus, this analysis can be used as a tool in the rockfall behavior analysis.

关键词： Rockfall Rolling motion Experiment approach Gentle slope Orthogonal test

Debris Flow Susceptibility Assessment Using a Probabilistic Approach:A Case Study in the Longchi Area, Sichuan Province, China

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Journal of Mountain Science 2014年第4期11卷 1001-1014页

作者： CHANG Ming TANG Chuan ZHANG Dan-dan MA Guo-chao State key laboratory of geohazard prevention and geoenvironment protection Chengdu University of Technology

The Longchi area with the city of Dujiangyan, in the Sichuan province of China, is composed of Permian stone and diorites and Triassic sandstones and mudstones intercalated with slates. An abundance of loose co-seismic materials were present on the slopes after the May 12, 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, which in later years served as source material for rainfall-induced debris flows or shallow landslides. A total of 48 debris flows, all triggered by heavy rainfall on 13th August 20l0, are described in this paper. Field investigation, supported by remote sensing image interpretation, was conducted to interpret the co-seismic landslides in the debris flow gullies. Specific characteristics of the study area such as slope, aspect, elevation, channel gradient, lithology, and gully density were selected for the evaluation of debris flow susceptibility. A score was given to all the debris flow gullies based on the probability of debris flow occurrence for the selected factors. In order to get the contribution of the different factors, principal component analyses were applied. A comprehensive score was obtained for the 48 debris flow gullies which enabled us to make a susceptibility map for debris flows with three classes. Twenty-two gullies have a high susceptibility, twenty gullies show a moderate susceptibility and six gullies have a low susceptibility for debris flows.

关键词： Debris flow Landslide Probability Susceptibility assessment Grey correlation

Variation of cavity gas pressure in slopes with weak intercalation under seismic load

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Journal of Mountain Science 2016年第2期13卷 352-360页

作者： WANG Xiao-qun CHEN Zhen-lin ZHOU Zhou SHEN Man State key laboratory of geohazard prevention and geoenvironment protection Chengdu University of Technology

This study discussed how cavity gas pressure affects the stability of rock mass with fractures under well controlled laboratory ***-created void space created and the induced gas pressures have been the focus of active researches because they are associated with fast movement of large-scale landslides.A shaking table experiment was set up to mimic weak-intercalated rock slope under seismic *** cavity gas pressure would be produced in weak spots upon a sudden vibration *** drastically elevated gas pressure is believed to be responsible for the creation of cavities surrounding the tension *** dissipation of the excessive cavity gas pressure,the fractures are in unbounded *** observation explains that the slope body would be split and loosened under several aftershocks,and with the expanding of the cracks,the slope failure eventually *** research of the mechanism of cavity gas pressure could provide a novel insight into the formation mechanism of landslides under seismic load and has implications for the disaster prevention and control theory for the slope stability evaluation.

关键词： Landslide Fracture Deformation Weak intercalation Cavity gas pressure