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Curcumin attenuates ochratoxin A and hypoxia co‑induced liver injury in grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idella)by dual targeting endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis via reducing ROS content

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Journal of Animal Science and biotechnology 2025年第1期16卷 408-423页

作者： Liangqin Wu Piao Zhao Pei Wu Weidan Jiang Yang Liu Hongmei Ren Xiaowan Jin Xiaoqiu Zhou Lin Feng Animal Nutrition Institute Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu 611130China Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University key laboratory of Sichuan Province Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu 611130China key laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition Ministry of EducationMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsKey Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceChengduSichuan 611130China

Background Ochratoxin A(OTA)is a toxin widely found in aquafeed ingredients,and hypoxia is a common prob-lem in fish *** practice,aquatic animals tend to be more sensitive to hypoxia while feeds are contaminated with OTA,but no studies exist in this *** research investigated the multiple biotoxicities of OTA and hypoxia combined on the liver of grass carp and explored the mitigating effect of curcumin(CUR).Methods A total of 720 healthy juvenile grass carp(11.06±0.05 g)were selected and assigned randomly to 4 experi-mental groups:control group(without OTA and CUR),1.2 mg/kg OTA group,400 mg/kg CUR group,and 1.2 mg/kg OTA+400 mg/kg CUR group with three replicates each for 60 ***,32 fish were selected,divided into nor-moxia(18 fish)and hypoxia(18 fish)groups,and subjected to hypoxia stress for 96 *** CUR can attenuate histopathological damage caused by coming to OTA and hypoxia by reducing vacu-olation and nuclear *** alleviation of this damage was associated with the attenuation of apoptosis in the mitochondrial pathway by decreasing the expression of the pro-apoptotic proteins Caspase 3,8,9,Bax,and Apaf1 while increasing the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2,and attenuation of endoplasmic reticulum stress(ERS)by reducing Grp78 expression and chop *** may be attributed to the fact that the addi-tion of CUR increased the levels of catalase(CAT)and glutathione reductase(GSH),increased antioxidant capacity,and ensured the proper functioning of respiratory chain complexes I and II,which in turn reduced the high produc-tion of reactive oxygen species(ROS),thus alleviating apoptosis and *** In conclusion,our data demonstrate the effectiveness of CUR in attenuating liver injury caused by the combination of OTA and *** study confirms the feasibility and efficacy of adding natural products to mitigate toxic damage to aquatic animals.

关键词： Apoptosis Curcumin Endoplasmic reticulum stress Grass carp Hypoxia Ochratoxin A Oxidative damage

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Dietary supplementation with N‑acetyl‑L‑cysteine ameliorates hyperactivated ERK signaling in the endometrium that is linked to poor pregnancy outcomes following ovarian stimulation in pigs

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Journal of Animal Science and biotechnology 2025年第1期16卷 167-181页

作者： Linghua Cheng Zhicheng Shi Yuan Yue Yue Wang Yusheng Qin Wei Zhao Yupei Hu Qin Li Min Guo Lei An Shumin Wang Jianhui Tian Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding(MOE) State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech BreedingKey Laboratory of Animal GeneticsBreeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsNational Engineering Laboratory for Animal BreedingCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193People’s Republic of China

Background Exogenous gonadotropin-controlled ovarian stimulation is the critical step in animal reproductive management,such as pig,sheep,bovine and other *** helps synchronize ovulation or stimulate multiple ***,a number of evidence indicated an unexpected decrease in pregnancy outcomes following ovarian *** study aimed to explore the underlying mechanism of the pregnancy defect and develop a practical rescue *** Compared with those in the control group,gilts that underwent ovarian stimulation showed a decrease in pregnancy rate,farrowing rate,and total number of piglets *** gilts also showed an increase in estra-diol(E_(2))*** supraphysiologicalE_(2) level was correlated with the decrease in the number of piglets ***,we found that high levels ofE_(2) impair uterine receptivity,as shown by the overproliferation of endo-metrial epithelial *** vitro mechanistic studies demonstrated that high levels ofE_(2) hyperactivate FGF-FGFR-ERK signaling cascade in the uterine endometrium,and in turn induces overproliferation of endometrial epithelial *** note,N-acetyl-L-cysteine(NAC)supplementation effectively inhibits ERK hyperphosphorylation and ameliorates endometrial epithelial ***,in vivo experiments indicated that dietary NAC supplementa-tion,compared with ovarian stimulation group,improves the uterine receptivity in gilts,and significantly increases the pregnancy rate and total number of piglets *** Ovarian stimulation-induced supraphysiological levels ofE_(2) impairs uterine receptivity by hyperactivat-ing FGF-FGFR-ERK signaling cascade,thereby reducing pregnancy rate and litter *** NAC to a con-ventional diet for gilts ameliorates hyperactivated ERK signaling and improves uterine receptivity,thus rescuing adverse pregnancy outcomes following ovarian stimulation.

关键词： Estradiol Gonadotropin Implantation N-acetyl-L-cysteine Ovarian stimulation Uterine receptivity

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Impact of residual antibiotics on microbial decomposition of livestock manures in Eutric Regosol:Implications for sustainable nutrient recycling and soil carbon sequestration

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2025年第1期147卷 498-511页

作者： Linfa Fang Prakash Lakshmanan Xiaoxuan Su Yujia Shi Zheng Chen Yu Zhang Wei Sun Junxi Wu Ran Xiao Xinping Chen Interdisciplinary Research Center for agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin College of Resources and EnvironmentSouthwest UniversityChongqing 400715China key laboratory of Sugarcane biotechnology and Genetic Improvement(Guangxi) Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsGuangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic ImprovementSugarcane Research InstituteGuangxi Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanning 530007China Queensland Alliance for agriculture and Food Innovation University of QueenslandSt Lucia 4067QLDAustralia key laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and National Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

The land application of livestock manure has been widely acknowledged as a beneficial approach for nutrient recycling and environmental ***,the impact of residual antibiotics,a common contaminant of manure,on the degradation of organic compounds and nutrient release in Eutric Regosol is not well ***,we studied,how oxytetracycline(OTC)and ciprofloxacin(CIP)affect the decomposition,microbial community structure,extracellular enzyme activities and nutrient release from cattle and pig manure using litterbag incubation *** showed that OTC and CIP greatly inhibited livestock manure decomposition,causing a decreased rate of carbon(28%-87%),nitrogen(15%-44%)and phosphorus(26%-43%)*** relative abundance of gramnegative(G-)bacteria was reduced by 4.0%-13%while fungi increased by 7.0%-71%during a 28-day incubation ***-occurrence network analysis showed that antibiotic exposure disrupted microbial interactions,particularly among G-bacteria,G+bacteria,and *** changes in microbial community structure and function resulted in decreased activity of urease,β-1,4-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase,alkaline protease,chitinase,and catalase,causing reduced decomposition and nutrient release in cattle and pig *** findings advance our understanding of decomposition and nutrient recycling from manure-contaminated antibiotics,which will help facilitate sustainable agricultural production and soil carbon sequestration.

关键词： Residual antibiotics Livestock manure decomposition Microbial community Co-occurrence network Enzyme activities

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Predicting Lactobacillus delbrueckii ***-Streptococcus thermophilus interactions based on a highly accurate semi-supervised learning method

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2025年第2期68卷 558-574页

作者： Shujuan Yang Mei Bai Weichi Liu Weicheng Li Zhi Zhong Lai-Yu Kwok Gaifang Dong Zhihong Sun key laboratory of Dairy biotechnology and Engineering Ministry of EducationInner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityHohhot 010018China key laboratory of Dairy Products Processing Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsInner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityHohhot 010018China Inner Mongolia key laboratory of Dairy biotechnology and Engineering Inner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityHohhot 010018China Collaborative Innovative Center for Lactic Acid Bacteria and Fermented Dairy Products Ministry of EducationInner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityHohhot 010018China College of Computer and Information Engineering Inner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityHohhot 010018China Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region key laboratory of Big Data Research and Application of agriculture and Animal Husbandry Hohhot 010018China

Lactobacillus delbrueckii ***(***)and Streptococcus thermophilus(***)are commonly used starters in milk *** experiments revealed that *** interactions(Lb St I)substantially impact dairy product quality and *** biological humidity experiments are time-consuming and labor-intensive in screening interaction combinations,an artificial intelligence-based method for screening interactive starter combinations is ***,in the current research on artificial intelligence based interaction prediction in the field of bioinformatics,most successful models adopt supervised learning methods,and there is a lack of research on interaction prediction with only a small number of labeled ***,this study aimed to develop a semi-supervised learning framework for predicting Lb St I using genomic data from 362 isolates(181per species).The framework consisted of a two-part model:a co-clustering prediction model(based on the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)dataset)and a Laplacian regularized least squares prediction model(based on K-mer analysis and gene composition of all isolates datasets).To enhance accuracy,we integrated the separate outcomes produced by each component of the two-part model to generate the ultimate Lb St I prediction results,which were verified through milk fermentation *** through milk fermentation experiments confirmed a high precision rate of 85%(17/20;validated with 20 randomly selected combinations of expected interacting isolates).Our data suggest that the biosynthetic pathways of cysteine,riboflavin,teichoic acid,and exopolysaccharides,as well as the ATP-binding cassette transport systems,contribute to the mutualistic relationship between these starter bacteria during milk ***,this finding requires further experimental *** presented model and data are valuable resources for academics an

关键词： Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp.bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus interaction prediction semi-supervised learning dairy starter artificial intelligence milk fermentation

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Conjunctival microbiota variations in a subset of middleaged and elderly individuals from Beijing,China

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2025年第2期18卷 237-243页

作者： Tian-Yao Zhao Yu-Chen Wang Ying-Juan Sun Jun-Yue Wang Xiao-Dan Jiang Xue-Min Li Ai-Hua Deng Department of Ophthalmology Peking University Third HospitalBeijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular NerveBeijing 100191China Fangshan Hospital Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing 102400China CAS key laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology Institute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China State key laboratory of Animal Nutrition and feeding Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Feed Industry CentreAgricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China

AIM:To isolate and identify the conjunctival microbiota of cataract patients and analyze the associated influencing ***:This study recruited 216 participants(216 eyes)from April 2022 to July *** the condition of no antibiotic use prior to cataract surgery,sterile swabs were used to collect samples from the lower conjunctival *** cultures were then conducted,followed by species identification through 16S rDNA gene *** factors associated with positive or negative bacterial isolation rates were analyzed,including age,gender,meibomian gland dysfunction(MGD),history of hypertension,history of diabetes,history of cancer,history of infectious diseases and the habit of wearing ***:Among the 216 eyes,78 eyes yielded isolates,with an isolation rate of 36.11%,detecting a total of 122 ***-positive rods accounted for 49.18%(60 strains),gram-positive cocci accounted for 45.08%(55 strains),gram-negative bacteria accounted for 4.92%(6 strains),and fungi accounted for 0.82%(1 strain).This study found that the most abundant genera in the conjunctival sac were Corynebacterium(42.62%),Staphylococcus(31.15%),Micrococcus(9.84%),Acinetobacter(4.10%),and Bacillus(3.28%).Furthermore,age(P=0.006),gender(P=0.039),diabetes(P=0.003),history of infectious diseases(P=0.02),and duration of mask replacement(P<0.001)were important factors influencing the positive bacterial culture of the conjunctival *** hypertensive patients exhibited a higher isolation rate of conjunctival bacteria,it did not reach statistical significance,and the history of cancer did not affect the isolation rate of the conjunctival microbial community in cataract patients before ***:Potential changes are observed in the conjunctival microbiota among a sample of middleaged and elderly individuals from Beijing,***,an increased isolation rate of Corynebacterium and Micrococcus is detected,suggesting a possible change in the mic

关键词： conjunctival microbiota 16S rDNA middle-aged and elderly population mask cataract surgery

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Supplementation of serine in low-gossypol cottonseed meal-based diet improved egg white gelling and rheological properties by regulating ovomucin synthesis and magnum physiological function in laying hens

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Journal of Integrative agriculture 2025年第3期 1152-1166页

作者： Jianmin Zhou Yu Fu Uchechukwu Edna Obianwuna Jing Wang Haijun Zhang Xiubo Li Guanghai Qi Shugeng Wu key laboratory of feed biotechnology of ministry of agriculture & rural affairs/laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on feed Hazards (Beijing) of ministry of agriculture & rural affairs/Institute of feed Research Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

This study examined the effect of dietary serine(Ser) on egg white quality, ovomucin content of laying hens fed low-gossypol cottonseed meal(LCSM)-based diet and sought to explore the regulatory mechanism underlying the effects. A total of 288 Hy-Line Brown layers were randomly assigned into 3 treatments and respectively offered soybean meal(SBM)-based diet, LCSM-based diet, and LCSM-based diet supplemented with 0.435% L-Ser. Dietary Ser supplementation reversed the decrease in quality indices of albumen, including the proportion of thick albumen(P<0.05), thick-to-thin ratio(P<0.05), albumen height(P<0.05), Haugh unit(P<0.05), and apparent viscosity that were caused by LCSM intake. Also, dietary Ser supplementation mitigated the LCSM-induced reduction in ovomucin content of the albumen(P<0.05). FT-IR analysis of ovomucin revealed differences in second derivative spectra at 1,200–800 cm–1 between birds received SBM-and LCSM-based diets, meanwhile, the α-helix of ovomucin was decreased by LCSM but increased by Ser addition(P<0.05). Furthermore, Ser addition up-regulated the mRNA expression of β-ovomucin in magnum mucosa at 2 and 7.5 h post-oviposition(P<0.05). Ser mitigated the LCSMinduced impairment of magnum epithelium, increased goblet cell counts(P<0.05), and up-regulated the expression of occludin, mucin 2, and the relevant glycosyltransferases for O-glycosylation in magnum mucosa(P<0.05).Conclusively, the alleviating effect of Ser on declining albumen quality due to dietary LCSM, could be explained by the efficacy of Ser in regulating ovomucin synthesis. This regulation occurred at the levels of transcription and posttranscriptional O-glycosylation modification of β-ovomucin, while positive effect on magnum morphology and barrier function could also in part account for the ovomucin content. This would provide a promising research direction on the adoption of nutritional interventions for manipulation of egg white quality from perspectives of albumen protein synt

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Illuminating Growth:How Light Spectra Influence Juvenile Steelhead Trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss)Growth and Metabolism

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2025年第1期24卷 209-216页

作者： CHEN Xueweijie ZHOU Yangen HUANG Jinze AN Dong LI Li DONG Yunwei GAO Qinfeng DONG Shuanglin key laboratory of Mariculture Ministry of EducationOcean University of ChinaQingdao 266003China National Innovation Center for Digital Fishery China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083China key laboratory of Smart Farming Technologies for Aquatic Animals and Livestock Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083China Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Internet of Things in agriculture Beijing 100083China College of Information and Electrical Engineering China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083China Function laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes Laoshan LaboratoryQingdao 266237China

The diurnal variation in the sun's altitude alters the red-to-blue light spectrum ratio under identical water *** study explores how juvenile steelhead trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss)(initial weight:34.67 g±2.69 g)responds to these fluctuating light conditions,focusing on growth,daily activity levels,and energy *** 16 weeks,the experiment was conducted to examine six lighting scenarios:12 h white light followed by 12 h darkness(12W);12 h blue light followed by 12 h darkness(12B);12 h red light followed by 12 h darkness(12R);1.5 h blue light,9 h red light,and again 1.5 h blue light followed by 12 h darkness(3B9R);3 h blue light,6h red light,and again 3 h blue light followed by 12 h darkness(6B6R);and 12 h combined blue and red lights followed by 12 h darkness(T12BR).The findings reveal that the 3B9R lighting condition notably enhanced specific growth rate(SGR),feed conversion efficiency(FCE),and growth energy allocation,while diminishing daily activity levels in steelhead ***,under the 6B6R condition,there was a significant reduction in SGR and FCE,indicating that growth was *** the 12R condition,despite the high activity and respiratory energy loss,the trout exhibited improved SGR and FCE with reduced fecal energy *** study suggests that 3B9R and 12R lighting conditions might be beneficial in commercial steelhead trout farming,potentially lowering costs and boosting *** results offer valuable insights for the application of supplementary lighting technology in salmon aquaculture.

关键词： energy budget growth light color total daily activity steelhead trout

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Early‑life milk replacer feeding mediates lipid metabolism disorders induced by colonic microbiota and bile acid profiles to reduce body weight in goat model

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Journal of Animal Science and biotechnology 2025年第1期16卷 300-315页

作者： Ke Zhang Ting Zhang Mengmeng Guo Awang Cuoji Yangbin Xu Yitong Zhao Yuxin Yang Daniel Brugger Xiaolong Wang Langda Suo Yujiang Wu Yulin Chen key laboratory of Animal Genetics Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi ProvinceCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China College of Animal Engineering Yangling Vocational and Technical CollegeYanglingShaanxi 712100China Institute of Animal Sciences Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry SciencesLhasa 850009China Institute of Animal Nutrition and Dietetics Vetsuisse‑FacultyUniversity of ZurichZurich 8057Switzerland key laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding On Tibetan Plateau Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsLhasa 850009China.

Background Dysregulation of lipid metabolism and its consequences on growth performance in young ruminants have attracted attention,especially in the context of alternative feeding *** study aims to elucidate the effects of milk replacer(MR)feeding on growth,lipid metabolism,colonic epithelial gene expression,colonic microbiota composition and systemic metabolism in goat kids compared to breast milk(BM)feeding,addressing a critical knowledge gap in early life *** Ten female goat kids were divided into 2 groups:those fed breast milk(BM group)and those fed a milk replacer(MR group).Over a period of 28 d,body weight was monitored and blood and tissue samples were collected for biochemical,transcriptomic and metabolomic *** of the colonial microbiota was performed using 16S rRNA gene *** microbiota transplantation(IMT)experiments in gnotobiotic mice were per-formed to validate *** MR-fed pups exhibited reduced daily body-weight gain due to impaired lipid metabolism as evidenced by lower serum and liver total cholesterol(TC)and non-esterified fatty acid(NEFA)*** analysis of the colonic epithelium revealed upregulated genes involved in negative regulation of lipid metabolism,concomitant with microbiota shifts characterized by a decrease in Firmicutes and an increase in ***,genera such as Bifidobacterium and Prevotella were enriched in the MR group,while Clostridium and Fae-calibacterium were *** analyses confirmed alterations in bile acid and fatty acid metabolic *** experiments in mice recapitulated the metabolic phenotype observed in MR-fed goats,confirming the role of the microbiota in modulating host lipid *** Milk replacer feeding in goat kids disrupts lipid metabolism and gut microbiota dynamics,result-ing in reduced growth rates and metabolic *** findings highlight the importance of e

关键词： Bile acid Colon microbiota Goat model Lipid metabolism Milk replacer

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A rethinking of nitrate， nitrite， and nitric oxide for food preservation and human health

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2025年

作者： Xiaojing Tian Yanan Tian Shaohua Meng Jiansheng Zhao Lele Shao Yu Li Wenhang Wang Tianjin key laboratory of Food Quality and Health， Tianjin University of Science & Technology College of Food Science and Engineering， Tianjin University of Science & Technology Henan Shuanghui Investment & Development Co.， Ltd. key laboratory of Jianghuai Agricultural Product Fine Processing and Resource Utilization， ministry of agriculture and rural affairs， Anhui Engineering Research Center for High Value Utilization of Characteristic Agricultural Products， College of Tea & Food Science and Technology， Anhui Agricultural University College of biotechnology， Tianjin University of Science & Technology

Nitrate and nitrite， as long-standing additives used in food industry and particularly prevalent in meat products， are often perceived negatively by consumers due to their potential to produce carcinogenic nitrosamines. Within the past decades， the importance of nitric oxide (NO) has been established for human health， including cardiovascular health， immunizing and defending system， skeletal muscle contraction and relaxation， nervous system， and cognitive function. Gradually， nitrate and nitrite， as the main NO donors， have also been demonstrated to have numerous health benefits in clinical studies. Likewise， NO has showed positive effect on postharvest fruits and vegetables. In view of different controversies， this review comprehensively discussed the effect of nitrate， nitrite on meat products and NO on fruits and vegetables， the intake of nitrate and nitrite by diet， the physiological functions， synthesis and metabolism of nitrate， nitrite， and NO in human body. It is hoped to provide some new understanding for nitrate， nitrite， and NO in food preservation and human health.

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Characterization and correlation of engineering properties with microstructure in peanuts:A microscopic to macroscopic analysis

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Journal of Integrative agriculture 2025年第1期24卷 339-352页

作者： Fei Xiang Zhenyuan Li Yichen Zheng Caixia Ding Benu Adhikari Xiaojie Ma Xuebing Xu Jinjin Zhu Bello Zaki Abubakar Aimin Shi Hui Hu Qiang Wang Institute of Food Science and Technology Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Comprehensive Utilization Laboratory of Cereal and Oil ProcessingMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsBeijing 100193China Wilmar(Shanghai)biotechnology Research&Development Center Co. Ltd.Shanghai 200137China School of Science RMIT UniversityMelbourne 3083VICAustralia School of Food Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Jiangsu Modern Food Circulation and Safety Collaborative Innovation CenterNanjing 210023China College of Food Science and Pharmacy Xinjiang Agricultural UniversityUrumqi 830052China Department of Agricultural Extension and rural Development Faculty of AgricultureUsmanu Danfodiyo UniversitySokoto 840101Nigeria

Peanut varieties are diverse globally,with their characters and nutrition determining the product ***,the comparative analysis and statistical analysis of key quality indicators for peanut kernels across the world remains relatively limited,impeding the comprehensive evaluation of peanut quality and hindering the industry development on a global *** study aimed to compare and analyze the apparent morphology,microstructure,single-cell structure,engineering and mechanical properties,as well as major nutrient contents of peanut kernels from 10 different cultivars representing major peanut-producing *** surface and cross-section microstructure of the peanut kernels exhibited a dense“blocky”appearance with a distinct cellular *** lipid droplets were predominantly spherical with a regular distribution within the *** single-cell structure of the kernels from these 10 peanut cultivars demonstrated varying morphologies and dimensions,which exhibited correlations with their mechanical and engineering ***,the mass loss versus temperature profiles of the peanut kernels revealed five distinct stages,corresponding to moisture loss,volatile loss,protein denaturation,and the degradation of various *** were also observed in the lipid,protein,and sucrose contents,texture,bulk density,true density,porosity,geometric mean diameter,and sphericity among the diferent peanut *** study establishes relationships and correlations among microstructure,engineering properties,and nutritional composition of commonly grown peanut varieties in major peanut-processing *** findings provide valuable insights into peanut quality evaluation,empowering the peanut industry to enhance their processing and product development efforts.

关键词： peanut kernels apparent morphology microstructure engineering properties mechanical properties

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