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Temperature trends and its elevation-dependent warming over the Qilian Mountains

Journal of Mountain science 2024年第2期21卷 500-510页

作者： ZHAO Peng HE Zhibin MA Dengke WANG Wen QIAN Lihui School of Computer science Huainan Normal UniversityHuainan 232038China Linze Inland river basin Research Station Key Laboratory of Inland River Basin ScienceNorthwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourceChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China University of Chinese Academy of sciences Beijing 100049China

Understanding temperature variability especially elevation dependent warming(EDW)in high-elevation mountain regions is critical for assessing the impacts of climate change on water resources including glacier melt,degradation of soils,and active layer thickness.EDW means that temperature is warming faster with the increase of altitude.In this study,we used observed temperature data during 1979-2017 from 23 meteorological stations in the Qilian Mountains(QLM)to analyze temperature trend with Mann-Kendall(MK)test and Sen’s slope approach.Results showed that the warming trends for the annual temperature followed the order of T_min>T_mean>T_max and with a shift both occurred in 1997.Spring and summer temperature have a higher increasing trend than that in autumn and winter.T_mean shifts occurred in 1996 for spring and summer,in 1997 for autumn and winter.T_max shifts occurred in 1997 for spring and 1996 for summer.T_min shifts occurred in 1997 for spring,summer and winter as well as in 1999 for autumn.Annual mean diurnal temperature range(DTR)shows a significant decreasing trend(-0.18°C/10a)from 1979 to 2017.Summer mean DTR shows a significant decreasing trend(-0.26°C/10a)from 1979 to 2017 with a shift occurred in 2010.After removing longitude and latitude factors,we can learn that the warming enhancement rate of average annual temperature is 0.0673°C/km/10a,indicating that the temperature warming trend is accelerating with the continuous increase of altitude.The increase rate of elevation temperature is 0.0371°C/km/10a in spring,0.0457°C/km/10a in summer,0.0707°C/km/10a in autumn,and 0.0606°C/km/10a in winter,which indicates that there is a clear EDW in the QLM.The main causes of warming in the Qilian Mountains are human activities,cloudiness,ice-snow feedback and El Nino phenomenon.

关键词： Climate change Qilian Mountains Warming rates DTR Elevation-dependent warming

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Characteristics and Genesis of Acid Drainage Contamination from a Rock Tunneling Project Site

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Journal of Earth science 2024年第1期35卷 190-200页

作者： Yanyun Li Zejiao Luo Shihua Qi Hubei key laboratory of Yangtze river basin Environmental Aquatic science School of Environmental StudiesChina University of GeosciencesWuhan 430078China State key laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430078China

While acid mine drainage(AMD)issues have become a topic of global concern,few studies have focused on acid drainage problems of non-mining activities.We conducted field research and a series of laboratory experiments to investigate the characteristics,release processes and formation of acid drainage contamination.Spoil rock samples and adjacent surface water,groundwater,soil and sediment samples were collected at a railway tunnel construction site in central China,and various parameters,such as the p H,mineral ion concentrations,and heavy metal concentrations,were measured.Based on the measured concentrations,surface water and sediments were seriously contaminated by acids,sulfate salts and heavy metals.Contamination in surface water showed a decreasing tendency as the distance from the spoils increased,while that in sediments showed a greater influence of coprecipitation and adsorption processes of heavy metal ions.The eluviation experiments of three rock samples indicated that R2(silty fine sandstone)was the most likely major acid drainage contributor.Thiobacillus ferrooxidans was cultured and isolated from contaminated water to study the oxidation conditions during the release processes.The significant release of acid drainage when air and bacteria were both in the culture container suggested that oxygen and bacteria were necessary to produce acid drainage from spoils.

关键词： acid mine drainage heavy metals leaching oxidation

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Ultrathin organic solvent nanofiltration membrane with polydopamine-HKUST-1 interlayer for organic solvent separation

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2024年第7期141卷 182-193页

作者： Haike Li Xindong Li Guozai Ouyang Lijinhong Huang Lang Li Wenhao Li Wanfu Huang Duokun Li Ganzhou key laboratory of basin Pollution Simulation and Control Jiangxi University of Science and TechnologyGanzhou 341000China Innovation Center for Water Quality Security Technology at Ganjiang river basin Jiangxi University of Science and TechnologyGanzhou 341000China School of Architecture and Design Jiangxi University of Science and TechnologyGanzhou 341000China WA School of Mines:Minerals Energy and Chemical EngineeringCurtin UniversityWA 6845Australia School of Materials science and Engineering Tiangong UniversityTianjin 300387China

Polydopamine(PDA)and metal-organic skeleton HKUST-1 were co-deposited on the base membrane of hexamethylenediamine(HDA)-crosslinked polyetherimide(PEI)ultrafiltration membrane as the interlayer,and high-throughput organic solvent nanofiltration membrane(OSN)was prepared by interfacial polymerization and solvent activation reaction.The polyamide(PA)layer surface roughness from 28.4 nm in PA/PEI to 78.3 nm in PA/PDA-HKUST-10.6/PEI membrane,reduced the thickness of the separation layer from 79 to 14 nm,and significantly improved the hydrophilic,thermal and mechanical properties.The flux of the PA/PDA-HKUST-10.6/PEI membrane in a 0.1 g/L Congo Red(CR)ethanol solution at 0.6 MPa test pressure reached 21.8 L/(m^(2)·hr)and the rejection of CR was 92.8%.Solvent adsorption test,N,N-dimethylformamide(DMF)immersion experiment,and long-term operation test in ethanol showed that the membranes had high solvent tolerance.The solvent flux test demonstrated that,under the test pressure of 0.6 MPa,the flux of different solvents ranked as follows:methanol(56.9 L/(m^(2)·hr))>DMF(39.6 L/(m^(2)·hr))>ethanol(31.2 L/(m^(2)·hr))>IPA(4.5 L/(m^(2)·hr))>N-hexane(1.9 L/(m^(2)·hr)).The ability of the membranes to retain dyes in IPA/water dyes solution was also evaluated.The flux of the membrane was 30.4 L/(m^(2)·hr)and the rejection of CR was 91.6%when the IPA concentration reached 50%.This OSN membrane-making strategy is economical,environment-friendly and efficient,and has a great application prospect in organic solvent separation systems.

关键词： Interfacial polymerization Organic solvent nanofiltration Interlayer Metal-organic frameworks Polydopamine

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Land use and cover change and influencing factor analysis in the Shiyang river basin,China

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Journal of Arid Land 2024年第2期16卷 246-265页

作者： ZHAO Yaxuan CAO Bo SHA Linwei CHENG Jinquan ZHAO Xuanru GUAN Weijin PAN Baotian key laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems(Ministry of Education) College of Earth and Environmental SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730030China Shiyang river basin Scientific Observing Station Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730030China

Land use and cover change(LUCC)is the most direct manifestation of the interaction between anthropological activities and the natural environment on Earth's surface,with significant impacts on the environment and social economy.Rapid economic development and climate change have resulted in significant changes in land use and cover.The Shiyang river basin,located in the eastern part of the Hexi Corridor in China,has undergone significant climate change and LUCC over the past few decades.In this study,we used the random forest classification to obtain the land use and cover datasets of the Shiyang river basin in 1991,1995,2000,2005,2010,2015,and 2020 based on Landsat images.We validated the land use and cover data in 2015 from the random forest classification results(this study),the high-resolution dataset of annual global land cover from 2000 to 2015(AGLC-2000-2015),the global 30 m land cover classification with a fine classification system(GLC_FCS30),and the first Landsat-derived annual China Land Cover Dataset(CLCD)against ground-truth classification results to evaluate the accuracy of the classification results in this study.Furthermore,we explored and compared the spatiotemporal patterns of LUCC in the upper,middle,and lower reaches of the Shiyang river basin over the past 30 years,and employed the random forest importance ranking method to analyze the influencing factors of LUCC based on natural(evapotranspiration,precipitation,temperature,and surface soil moisture)and anthropogenic(nighttime light,gross domestic product(GDP),and population)factors.The results indicated that the random forest classification results for land use and cover in the Shiyang river basin in 2015 outperformed the AGLC-2000-2015,GLC_FCS30,and CLCD datasets in both overall and partial validations.Moreover,the classification results in this study exhibited a high level of agreement with the ground truth features.From 1991 to 2020,the area of bare land exhibited a decreasing trend,with changes primarily occurring in the middle and lower

关键词： land use and cover classification land use and cover change(LUCC) climate change random forest accuracy assessment three-dimensional sampling method Shiyang river basin

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Comparing the temperature sensitivity of organic matter decomposition in oxic and oxygen-deprived soils

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Soil Ecology Letters 2024年第1期6卷 29-32页

作者： Zhenhui Jiang Xin Wang Ting Liu Xiaojuan Feng State key laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeiing 100093China University of Chinese Academy of sciences Bejing 100049China State key laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture Zhejiang A&F UniversityHangzhou 311300China Henan key laboratory of Ecological Environment Protection and Restoration of Yellow river basin Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic ResearchZhengzhou 450003China

No consistent variation was found in soil respiration Q10 under various O2 conditions.Substrate C quality had a strong effect on Q10 in oxic soils.N limitation had a large impact on Q10 in soils under O2 limitation.Current studies on the temperature sensitivity(Q10)of soil organic matter(SOM)decomposition mainly focus on aerobic conditions.However,varia-tions and determinants of Q10 in oxygen(O2)-deprived soils remain unclear.Here we incubated three grassland soils under oxic,suboxic,and anoxic conditions subjected to varying temperatures to compare variations in Q10 in relation to changing substrates.No consistent variation was found in Q10 under various O2 conditions.Further analysis of edaphic properties demon-strated that substrate carbon quality showed a strong influence on Q10 in oxic soils,whereas nitrogen limitation played a more important role in suboxic and anoxic soils.These results suggest that substrate carbon quality and nitrogen limitation may play roles of varying importance in determining the temperature sensitivity of SOM decomposition under various O2 conditions.

关键词： oxygen-limited conditions temperature sensitivity soil respiration carbon substrate nitrogen limitation

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Pollution source identification methods and remediation technologies of groundwater: A review

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China Geology 2024年第1期7卷 125-137页

作者： Ya-ci Liu Yu-hong Fei Ya-song Li Xi-lin Bao Peng-wei Zhang Fujian Provincial key laboratory of Water Cycling and Eco-Geological Processes Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental GeologyChinese Academy of Geological SciencesXiamen 361000China key laboratory of Water and Soil Resources Conservation and Restoration in the Middle and Lower Reaches of Yellow river basin MNRZhengzhou 450016China

Groundwater is an important source of drinking water.Groundwater pollution severely endangers drinking water safety and sustainable social development.In the case of groundwater pollution,the top priority is to identify pollution sources,and accurate information on pollution sources is the premise of efficient remediation.Then,an appropriate pollution remediation scheme should be developed according to information on pollution sources,site conditions,and economic costs.The methods for identifying pollution sources mainly include geophysical exploration,geochemistry,isotopic tracing,and numerical modeling.Among these identification methods,only the numerical modeling can recognize various information on pollution sources,while other methods can only identify a certain aspect of pollution sources.The remediation technologies of groundwater can be divided into in-situ and ex-situ remediation technologies according to the remediation location.The in-situ remediation technologies enjoy low costs and a wide remediation range,but their remediation performance is prone to be affected by environmental conditions and cause secondary pollution.The ex-situ remediation technologies boast high remediation efficiency,high processing capacity,and high treatment concentration but suffer high costs.Different methods for pollution source identification and remediation technologies are applicable to different conditions.To achieve the expected identification and remediation results,it is feasible to combine several methods and technologies according to the actual hydrogeological conditions of contaminated sites and the nature of pollutants.Additionally,detailed knowledge about the hydrogeological conditions and stratigraphic structure of the contaminated site is the basis of all work regardless of the adopted identification methods or remediation technologies.

关键词： Groundwater pollution Identification of pollution sources Geophysical exploration identification Geochemistry identification Isotopic tracing Numerical modeling Remediation technology Hydrogeological conditions Hydrogeological survey engineering

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Stomatal dynamics are regulated by leaf hydraulic traits and guard cell anatomy in nine true mangrove species

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Plant Diversity 2024年第3期46卷 395-405页

作者： Ya-Dong Qie Qi-Wei Zhang Scott A.M.McAdam Kun-Fang Cao State key laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources College of ForestryGuangxi UniversityNanning 530004China Guangxi key laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation College of ForestryGuangxi UniversityNanning 530004China key laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection Ministry of EducationGuangxi Normal UniversityGuilin 541001China Guangxi key laboratory of Landscape Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization in Lijiang river basin Guangxi Normal UniversityGuilin 541001China Purdue Center for Plant Biology Department of Botany and Plant PathologyPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN 47907USA

Stomatal regulation is critical for mangroves to survive in the hyper-saline intertidal zone where water stress is severe and water availability is highly fluctuant.However,very little is known about the stomatal sensitivity to vapour pressure deficit(VPD)in mangroves,and its co-ordination with stomatal morphology and leaf hydraulic traits.We measured the stomatal response to a step increase in VPD in situ,stomatal anatomy,leaf hydraulic vulnerability and pressure-volume traits in nine true mangrove species of five families and collected the data of genome size.We aimed to answer two questions:(1)Does stomatal morphology influence stomatal dynamics in response to a high VPD in mangroves?with a consideration of possible influence of genome size on stomatal morphology;and(2)do leaf hydraulic traits influence stomatal sensitivity to VPD in mangroves?We found that the stomata of mangrove plants were highly sensitive to a step rise in VPD and the stomatal responses were directly affected by stomatal anatomy and hydraulic traits.Smaller,denser stomata was correlated with faster stomatal closure at high VPD across the species of Rhizophoraceae,and stomata size negatively and vein density positively correlated with genome size.Less negative leaf osmotic pressure at the full turgor(πo)was related to higher operating steady-state stomatal conductance(gs);and a higher leaf capacitance(Cleaf)and more embolism resistant leaf xylem were associated with slower stomatal responses to an increase in VPD.In addition,stomatal responsiveness to VPD was indirectly affected by leaf morphological traits,which were affected by site salinity and consequently leaf water status.Our results demonstrate that mangroves display a unique relationship between genome size,stomatal size and vein packing,and that stomatal responsiveness to VPD is regulated by leaf hydraulic traits and stomatal morphology.Our work provides a quantitative framework to better understand of stomatal regulation in mangroves in an environment with high salinity and dynami

关键词： Stomatal temporal kinetics Vapour-pressure deficit(VPD) Leaf water relations Leaf hydraulic vulnerability Leaf osmotic potential Genome size

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Intermittent disturbance mechanical behavior and fractional deterioration mechanical model of rock under complex true triaxial stress paths

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International Journal of Mining science and Technology 2024年第1期34卷 117-136页

作者： Zhi Zheng Hongyu Xu Kai Zhang Guangliang Feng Qiang Zhang Yufei Zhao State key laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Structural Safety of Ministry of EducationCollege of Civil Engineering and ArchitectureGuangxi UniversityNanning 530004China State key laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering Institute of Rock and Soil MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430071China State key laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in river basin China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower ResearchBeijing 100080China State key laboratory for Geomechanics and Deep Underground Engineering China University of Mining and TechnologyXuzhou 221116China

Mechanical excavation,blasting,adjacent rockburst and fracture slip that occur during mining excavation impose dynamic loads on the rock mass,leading to further fracture of damaged surrounding rock in three-dimensional high-stress and even causing disasters.Therefore,a novel complex true triaxial static-dynamic combined loading method reflecting underground excavation damage and then frequent intermittent disturbance failure is proposed.True triaxial static compression and intermittent disturbance tests are carried out on monzogabbro.The effects of intermediate principal stress and amplitude on the strength characteristics,deformation characteristics,failure characteristics,and precursors of monzogabbro are analyzed,intermediate principal stress and amplitude increase monzogabbro strength and tensile fracture mechanism.Rapid increases in microseismic parameters during rock loading can be precursors for intermittent rock disturbance.Based on the experimental result,the new damage fractional elements and method with considering crack initiation stress and crack unstable stress as initiation and acceleration condition of intermittent disturbance irreversible deformation are proposed.A novel three-dimensional disturbance fractional deterioration model considering the intermediate principal stress effect and intermittent disturbance damage effect is established,and the model predicted results align well with the experimental results.The sensitivity of stress states and model parameters is further explored,and the intermittent disturbance behaviors at different f are predicted.This study provides valuable theoretical bases for the stability analysis of deep mining engineering under dynamic loads.

关键词： True triaxial static and disturbance test Mechanical properties Failure mechanism and precursor Intermittent disturbance effect Fractional mechanical model

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Features and formulae of sediment incipient motion in vegetated flow environment

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2024年第2期36卷 331-339页

作者： Yu-xuan Xu Wei-jie Wang Shi-bao Zhang Han-qing Zhao Xue-kai Chen Hai-ping Zhang School of Water Conservancy North China University of Water Resources and Electric PowerZhengzhou450045China State key laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in river basin China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower ResearchBeijing100038China China Three Gorges Corporation Wuhan430010China

Aquatic vegetation is a vital component of natural river ecosystems,playing a crucial role in maintaining ecological balance,providing habitat and improving water quality.However,the presence of vegetation results in increased resistance in vegetated channels compared with non-vegetated channels,rendering traditional sediment movement predictions inadequate for the latter.Consequently,the concept of a vegetation influence factor,denoted by CDah,has been proposed by previous researchers to represent the effect of vegetation on sediment movement in watercourses.In this study,we focus on exploring the vegetation resistance coefficient(CD)among the vegetation influence factors,evaluating two different calculation methods for vegetation resistance coefficient,and presenting two expressions through genetic algorithm analysis to predict the incipient flow velocity of sediment in vegetated watercourses.The predicted values from the new formulae show excellent agreement with measured data,highlighting the high accuracy of the proposed methods in predicting the incipient flow velocity of sediment.Our results provide a solid theoretical basis for understanding the influence of aquatic vegetation on sediment particle movement.

关键词： Vegetation flow vegetation resistance coefficient genetic algorithm sediment initiation

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Analytical solutions of turbulent boundary layer beneath forward-leaning waves

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2024年第4期45卷 695-710页

作者： Yiqin XIE Jifu ZHOU Xu WANG Jinlong DUAN Yongjun LU Shouqian LI laboratory for Mechanics in Fluid Solid Coupling Systems Institute of MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China State key laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in river basin China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower ResearchBeijing 100038China School of Engineering sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China State key laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering Nanjing Hydraulic Research InstituteNanjing 210024China

As a typical nonlinear wave,forward-leaning waves can be frequently encountered in the near-shore areas,which can impact coastal sediment transport significantly.Hence,it is of significance to describe the characteristics of the boundary layer beneath forward-leaning waves accurately,especially for the turbulent boundary layer.In this work,the linearized turbulent boundary layer model with a linear turbulent viscosity coefficient is applied,and the novel expression of the near-bed orbital velocity that has been worked out by the authors for forward-leaning waves of arbitrary forward-leaning degrees is further used to specify the free stream boundary condition of the bottom boundary layer.Then,a variable transformation is found so as to make the equation of the turbulent boundary layer model be solved analytically through a modified Bessel function.Consequently,an explicit analytical solution of the turbulent boundary layer beneath forward-leaning waves is derived by means of variable separation and variable transformation.The analytical solutions of the velocity profile and bottom shear stress of the turbulent boundary layer beneath forward-leaning waves are verified by comparing the present analytical results with typical experimental data available in the previous literature.

关键词： forward-leaning wave turbulent boundary layer velocity profile bottom shear stress

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