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Systematic prediction of the gas content, fractures, and brittleness in fractured shale reservoirs with TTI medium

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Petroleum Science 2024年第5期21卷 3202-3221页

作者： Yun Zhao Xiao-Tao Wen Chen-Long Li Yang Liu Chun-Lan Xie key laboratory of earth exploration and information techniques Ministry of EducationChengdu University of TechnologyChengdu610059Sichuan China College of Geophysics Chengdu University of TechnologyChengdu610059Sichuan China

The main objective is to optimize the development of shale gas-rich areas by predicting seismic sweet spot parameters in shale reservoirs. We systematically assessed the fracture development, fracture gas content, and rock brittleness in fractured gas-bearing shale reservoirs. To better characterize gas-bearing shale reservoirs with tilted fractures, we optimized the petrophysical modeling based on the equivalent medium theory. Based on the advantages of shale petrophysical modeling, we not only considered the brittle mineral fraction but also the combined effect of shale porosity, gas saturation, and total organic carbon(TOC) when optimizing the brittleness index. Due to fractures generally functioning as essential channels for fluid storage and movement, fracture density and fracture fluid identification factors are critical geophysical parameters for fractured reservoir prediction. We defined a new fracture gas indication factor(GFI) to detect fracture-effective gas content. A new linear PP-wave reflection coefficient equation for a tilted transversely isotropic(TTI) medium was rederived, realizing the direct prediction of anisotropic fracture parameters and the isotropic elasticity parameters from offset vector tile(OVT)-domain seismic data. Synthetic seismic data experiments demonstrated that the inversion algorithm based on the L_P quasinorm sparsity constraint and the split-component inversion strategy exhibits high stability and noise resistance. Finally, we applied our new prediction method to evaluate fractured gas-bearing shale reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin of China, demonstrating its effectiveness.

关键词： Petrophysical modeling Brittleness index Fracture gas indication factor(GFI) Tilted transversely isotropic(TTI) Fracture density

Crust and Upper Mantle Electrical Resistivity Structure in the Panxi Region of the Eastern Tibetan Plateau and Its Significance

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2015年第2期89卷 531-541页

作者： ZHANG Gang WANG Xuben FANG Hui GUO Ziming ZHANG Zhaobin LUO Wei CAI Xuelin LI Jun LI Zhong WU Xing State key laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Chengdu University of Technology key laboratory of earth exploration & information techniques of ministry of education Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical exploration CAGS Sichuan Shutong Geotechnical Engineering Company Institute of Geological Survey of Yunnan Geological Survey

The Panxi region is located in the frontal zone of positive squeezing subduction and side squeezing shearing between the Indian plate and the Eurasian plate. The long-period magnetotelluric （LMT） and broadband magnetotelluric （MT） techniques are both used to study the deep electrical conductivity structure in this region; magnetic and gravity surveys are also performed along the profile. According to the 2-D resistivity model along the Yanyuan-Yongshan profile, a high- conductivity layer （HCL） exists widely in the crust, and a high-resistivity block （HRB） exists widely in the upper mantle in general, as seen by the fact that a large HCL exists from the western Jinpingshan tectonic zone to the eastern Mabian tectonic zone in the crust, while the HRB found in the Panxi tectonic zone is of abnormally high resistivity in that background compared to both sides of Panxi tectonic zone. In addition, the gravity and magnetic field anomalies are of high value. Combined with geological data, the results indicate that there probably exists basic or ultrabasic rock with a large thickness in the lithosphere in the Panxi axial region, which indicates that fracture activity once occurred in the lithosphere. As a result, we can infer that the high-resistivity zone in the Panxi lithosphere is the eruption channel for Permian Emeishan basalt and the accumulation channel for basic and ultrabasic rock. The seismic sources along the profile are counted according to seismic record data. The results indicate that the most violent earthquake sources are located at the binding site of the HRB and the HCL, where the tectonic activity zone is generally acknowledged to be; however, the earthquakes occurring in the HCL are not so violent, which reflects the fact that the HCL is a plastic layer, and the fracture threshold of a plastic layer is low generally, making high stress difficult to accumulate but easy to release in the layer. As a result, a higher number of smaller earthquakes occurred in

关键词： earthquake deep electrical resistivity structure long-peroid magnetotelluric Emeishanbasalt Panxi region

S-wave velocity inversion and prediction using a deep hybrid neural network

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Science China earth Sciences 2022年第4期65卷 724-741页

作者： Jun WANG Junxing CAO Shuang ZHAO Qiaomu QI State key laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Chengdu University of TechnologyChengdu 610059China key laboratory of earth exploration and information techniques(Chengdu University of Technology) Ministry of EducationChengdu 610059China Research Institute of exploration and Development Southwest Petroleum CompanySINOPECChengdu 610041China

The S-wave velocity is a critical petrophysical parameter in reservoir description,prestack seismic inversion,and geomechanical ***,obtaining the S-wave velocity from field measurements is *** no measured Swave data are available,petrophysical modelling provides the most accurate S-wave velocity ***,because of the complexity of underground geological structures and diversity of rock minerals,the prediction results of petrophysical modelling are easily affected by factors such as the cognition and experience of the ***,the development of novel robust and simple S-wave velocity inversion and prediction methods independent of the modeller is *** by ensemble learning and based on the geologic sedimentation law of reservoirs and their characteristics in logging response,an Swave velocity inversion and prediction method based on deep hybrid neural network was developed by combining the classical convolution neural network(CNN)with the long short-term memory(LSTM)*** the conventional logging data such as acoustic and density as the input in the proposed method,the CNN was used to establish the nonlinear mapping relationship between the input data and S-wave velocity,and the LSTM network was used to integrate the vertical variation trend of the ***,intelligent data-driven inversion and prediction of the S-wave velocity were *** experimental results revealed that the proposed method exhibited a strong generalisation ability and could obtain prediction results comparable to those of petrophysical modelling with a single-well data set for ***,a novel methodology for robust and convenient S-wave velocity prediction was *** proposed method has considerable academic and application implications.

关键词： Deep learning Convolutional neural network Long short-term memory network Hybrid neural network Sedimentary constraint S-wave velocity prediction Petrophysical inversion

Salt-Gathering and Potassium Formation of Potassium-Rich Brine during the Triassic in the Sichuan Basin, China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2018年第6期92卷 2233-2250页

作者： ZHANG Bing YANG Kai WANG Xuben XU Zhengqi YANG Hongyu ZHANG Saimin CHEN Jinchao ZHANG Mingming LIU Wei State key laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Chengdu University of Technology earth exploration and information Technology key laboratory of ministry of education Chengdu University of Technology

Potassium-rich brine in the Sichuan Basin has been much studied in recent years, but few studies have focused on the distribution and migration of salt basin and the differences of potassium formation mechanisms. This work examined the salt-gathering and potassium formation of potassiumrich brine during the Triassic in the Sichuan Basin using lithofacies palaeogeographic depiction and geochemical analyses.(1) The favorable sedimentary facies controlling the formation of potassium-rich brine during the Triassic in the Sichuan Basin are evaporation platform and restricted platform, whereas the salt basin is one of the main factors controlling the poly-salt center.(2) The distribution and migration of this salt basin were affected by certain factors. The salt basin of the Jialingjiang Formation was mainly distributed in the east and central Sichuan Basin, whereas that of the Leikoupo Formation was mainly distributed in the central and west Sichuan Basin. The sedimentary centers have gradually moved westward and become smaller.(3) Three main formation mechanisms were identified for the potassium-rich brine during the Triassic in the Sichuan Basin, i.e., evaporation and concentration of seawater, surface fresh water leaching, and deep water-rock reaction. Fresh water leaching was characterized by low anomaly δ18 O and δ13 C values. Water-rock reaction was mainly related to temperature, and high temperature environment(caused by burial depth, overthrust and deep hydrothermal fluids) was beneficial to water-rock reaction. The characteristics of water-rock reaction do not correspond to the increase ratio of K·103/Cl and Br·103/Cl in brine, and the Rb+ content of the brine was high.(4) The formation mechanisms of potassium-rich brine differed between different areas of the Sichuan Basin. In east Sichuan, the evaporation and concentration of seawater, together with meteoric fresh water leaching, was the main formation factor, whereas the evaporation and concentration of seawa

关键词： potassium-rich brine sedimentary environment formation mechanism evolution model Sichuan Basin

A hybrid WUDT-NAFnet for simultaneous source data deblending

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Petroleum Science 2024年第3期21卷 1649-1659页

作者： Chao-Fan Ke Shao-Huan Zu Jun-Xing Cao Xu-Dong Jiang Chao Li Xing-Ye Liu key laboratory of earth exploration and information Technology of ministry of education Chengdu University of Technology State key laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Chengdu University of Technology College of Geophysics Chengdu University of Technology

Simultaneous source technology,which reduces seismic survey time and improves the quality of seismic data by firing more than one source with a narrow time interval,is compromised by the massive blended ***,deblending algorithms have been developed to separate this ***,deep learning(DL)has been proved its great potential in suppressing the *** most popular DL method employs neural network as a filter to attenuate the blended noise in an iterative estimation and subtraction framework(IESF).However,there are still amplitude distortion and blended noise residual problems,especially when dealing with weak signal submerged in strong *** address these problems,we propose a hybrid WUDT-NAFnet,which contains two *** first network is a wavelet based U-shape deblending transformer network(WUDTnet),incorporated into IESF as a robust regularization term to iteratively separate the blended *** second network is a nonlinear activate free network(NAFnet)designed to recover the event amplitude and further suppress the weak noise residual in *** the hybrid network,the blended noise can be separated purposefully and *** using synthetic and field seismic data demonstrate that the WUDTNAFnet outperforms traditional curvelet transform(CT)based method and the deblending transformer(DT)model in terms of ***,for field applications,the data augmentation method of bicubic interpolation is applied to mitigate the feature difference between synthetic and field ***,the trained network exhibits strong signal preservation ability in numerical field example without requiring additional training.

关键词： Simultaneous-source Deblending Deep learning Transformer

Characteristics of biomarker in source rocks of Linxi Formation in Taohaiyingzi region, Zhalute basin

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Chinese Journal Of Geochemistry 2015年第3期34卷 338-345页

作者： Li Liu You-jun Tang Xing-chao Jiang key laboratory of exploration Technologies for Oil and Gas Resources Ministry of Education School of Earth Environment and Water Resources Yangtze University

Based on gas chromatography and gas chromatography mass spectrometry techniques, the authors researched biomarker characteristics of the Linxi Formation source rocks in the area of Taohaiyingzi, and analyzed the information and petroleum geological significance that were indicated by source of organic matter, sedimentary environment, maturity and so on. Gas chromatography peak of saturated hydrocarbons from Linxi Formation source rocks showed ‘‘the former peak'' of the single peak distribution and the C23-dominant main peak. This indicates that the main source of organic matter was mixed organic matter; Pr/Ph ratios ranged from 0.3 to 0.6, indicating a strongly reducing sedimentary *** fossil assemblages in Linxi Formation source rocks were abundant in tricyclic terpane with long side chains, had high level of gammacerane, and showed dominant distribution of C27 steranes. Gammacerane ratios range from 0.15 to 0.29, with an average of 0.19, implying that Linxi Formation hydrocarbon source rocks were formed in the environment of micro-saltwater water to half-saltwater water. The hopanes/steranes ratios are mainly between 0.6 and 1.0, with an average of 0.84, implying that bacteria and algae had almost the samecontribution to organic matter. C27 steranes abundance is high and the ratio of C27steranes/C29 steranes is 1.13,showing that algae is the main source of hydrocarbon precursors.

关键词：生物标志物烃源岩特征比值范围盆地石油地质意义气相色谱沉积环境

Logging Evaluation Method of Low Resistivity Reservoir——A Case Study of Well Block DX12 in Junggar Basin

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Journal of earth Science 2009年第6期20卷 1003-1011页

作者：陈力群邹长春汪中浩刘海军姚爽陈冬 key laboratory of Geo-detection (China University of Geosciences Beijing)Ministry of Education key laboratory of exploration Technologies for Oil and Gas Resources of ministry of education Yangtze University Logging Company CNPC Chuanqing Drilling & Exploration Corporation College of information Engineering Chengdu University of Technology Research Institute of Petroleum exploration and Development SINOPEC

The Hutubi （呼图壁） River reservoir of well block DX12 is a lithologic hydrocarbon reservoir that is under tectonic settings. The main oil-bearing sand body in this area is thin and has a poor transverse connectivity. Because of the complexity of the oil-water relationship, the oil reservoir presents a low resistivity feature, which brings great difficulties to hydrocarbon reservoir identification. This article develops an effective method of well log interpretation that can meet the requirement of low resistivity reservoir well logging evaluation. The authors combine the oil reservoir geology feature, the oil well logging curve characteristics and chemical analytical data to analyze the reasons for low resistivity, then establish the appropriate reservoir parameter explanation model, which uses different saturation computational methods according to different generations. When the clay content is more than 5%, we select W-S dual water model; when the shale content is more than 13%, we use the Schlumberger formula; when the shale content is less then 13%, we use Archie＇s formula. The well logging evaluation method of low resistivity reservoir has been improved by the irreducible water saturation formula which is established by the permeability, the porosity, the coefficient of pore structure and the shale content, hydrocarbon reservoir recognition charts, and the non-resistivity logging methods （repeat formation test （RFT）; modular dynamic test （MDT）, etc.）. The coincidence rate for this arrangement of the well logging integrated interpretation is 82.6% in the well block DX12. It is a powerful direction for low resistivity well log interpretation.

关键词： low resistivity well logging evaluation generation clay shale saturation.

Shallow Water Body Data Processing Based on the Seismic Oceanography

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2013年第3期12卷 319-326页

作者： LIU Huaishan HU Yi YIN Yanxin WANG Linfei TONG Siyou MA Hai key laboratory of Submarine Geosciences and Prospecting techniques Ministry of EducationOcean University of China

Physical properties of sea water,such as salinity,temperature,density and acoustic velocity,could be demarcated through degradation of energy caused by water absorption,attenuation and other *** overcome the challenging difficulties in the quick monitoring of these physical properties,we have explored the high resolution marine seismic survey to instantly characterize *** on the unique wavefield propagating in the sea water,we have developed a new approach to suppress the noise caused by the shallow sea water disturbance and obtain useful information for estimating the sea water *** approach improves seismic data with high signal-to-noise ratio and *** seismic reflection imaging can map the sea water structure *** with the knowledge of local water body structure profile over years,the instant model for predicting the sea water properties could be built using the seismic data acquired from the specially designed high precision marine seismic *** model can also be updated with instant observation and the complete data processing *** present study has the potential value to many applications,such as 3D sea water monitoring,engineering evaluation,geological disaster assessment and environmental assessment.

关键词： seismic oceanography seismic exploration seismic reflection profiling marine water body characteristics rapidmonitoring

Quantitative characterizations of anisotropic dynamic properties in organic-rich shale with different kerogen content

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Petroleum Science 2024年第2期21卷 855-865页

作者： Jian-Yong Xie Yan-Ping Fang Xing-Hua Wu Jian'er Zhao Jun-Cheng Dai Jun-Xing Cao Ji-Xin Deng State key laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Chengdu University of TechnologyChengdu610059SichuanChina key Lab of earth exploration&information techniques of ministry of education Geophysical InstituteChengdu University of TechnologyChengdu610059SichuanChina PetroChina Southwest Oil&Gasfield Company Chengdu610017SichuanChina

Understanding the quantitative responses of anisotropic dynamic properties in organic-rich shale with different kerogen content(KC)is of great significance in hydrocarbon exploration and *** controlled experiments with a single variable is challenging for natural shales due to their high variations in components,diagenesis conditions,or pore *** employed the hot-pressing technique to construct 11 well-controlled artificial shale with varying *** artificial shale samples were successive machined into prismatic shape for ultrasonic measurements along different *** revealed bedding perpendicular P-wave velocities are more sensitive to the increasing KC than bedding paralleling velocities due to the preferential alignments of *** elastic stiffnesses except C_(13)are generally decreasing with the increasing KC,the variation of C_(1) and C_(33)on kerogen content are more sensitive than those of C_(44)and C_(66).Apparent dynamic mechanical parameters(v and E)were found to have linear correlation with the true ones from complete anisotropic equations independent of KC,which hold value towards the interpretation of well logs consistently across formations,Anisotropic mechanical parameters(ΔE and brittlenessΔB)tend to decrease with the reducing KC,withΔB showing great sensitivity to KC *** the range of low KC(10%)shale,compilation of data from natural organic rich-shales globally verified the similar systematic relationships that can be empirically used to predict the fraction of KC in shales.

关键词： Elastic properties Organic shale Anisotropy Kerogen content Physical modeling