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Nitrogen addition promotes soil carbon accumulation globally

Science China Life Sciences 2025年第1期 284-293页

作者： Xuemei Yang Suhui Ma Erhan Huang Danhua Zhang Guoping Chen Jiangling Zhu Chengjun Ji Biao Zhu Lingli Liu Jingyun Fang Institute of Ecology College of Urban and Environmental Sciencesand Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of EducationPeking University Ministry of Education key laboratory for Transboundary Ecosecurity of Southwest China School of Ecology and Environmental ScienceYunnan University State key laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of Sciences

Soil is the largest carbon(C) reservoir in terrestrial ecosystems and plays a crucial role in regulating the global C cycle and climate *** nitrogen(N) deposition has been widely considered as a critical factor affecting soil organic carbon(SOC) storage, but its effect on SOC components with different stability remains unclear. Here, we analyzed extensive empirical data from 304 sites worldwide to investigate how SOC and its components respond to N addition. Our analysis showed that N addition led to a significant increase in bulk SOC(6.7%), with greater increases in croplands(10.6%) and forests(6.0%) compared to grasslands(2.1%). Regarding SOC components, N addition promoted the accumulation of plant-derived C(9.7%–28.5%) over microbial-derived C(0.2%), as well as labile(5.7%) over recalcitrant components(–1.2%), resulting in a shift towards increased accumulation of plant-derived labile C. Consistently, N addition led to a greater increase in particulate organic C(11.9%) than mineral-associated organic C(3.6%), suggesting that N addition promotes C accumulation across all pools, with more increase in unstable than stable pools. The responses of SOC and its components were best predicted by the N addition rate and net primary productivity. Overall, our findings suggest that N enrichment could promote the accumulation of plant-derived and non-mineral associated C and a subsequent decrease in the overall stability of soil C pool, which underscores the importance of considering the effects of N enrichment on SOC components for a better understanding of C dynamics in soils.

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Increase in the variability of terrestrial carbon uptake in response to enhanced future ENSO modulation

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Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2025年第1期18卷 32-38页

作者： Younong Li Li Dan Jing Peng Qidong Yang Fuqiang Yang key laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment for Temperate East Asia Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina key laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and processes in the Boundary Layer over the Low-Latitude Plateau Region Department of Atmospheric ScienceYunnan UniversityKunmingChina

El Niño-Southern Oscillation(ENSO)is a major driver of climate change in middle and low latitudes and thus strongly influences the terrestrial carbon cycle through land-air *** the ENSO modulation and carbon flux variability are projected to increase in the future,but their connection still needs further *** investigate the impact of future ENSO modulation on carbon flux variability,this study used 10 CMIP6 earth system models to analyze ENSO modulation and carbon flux variability in middle and low latitudes,and their relationship,under different scenarios simulated by CMIP6 *** results show a high consistency in the simulations,with both ENSO modulation and carbon flux variability showing an increasing trend in the *** higher the emissions scenario,especially SSP5-8.5 compared to SSP2-4.5,the greater the increase in *** flux variability in the middle and low latitudes under SSP2-4.5 increases by 30.9%compared to historical levels during 1951-2000,while under SSP5-8.5 it increases by 58.2%.Further analysis suggests that ENSO influences mid-and low-latitude carbon flux variability primarily through *** occurrence may potentially be attributed to the increased responsiveness of gross primary productivity towards regional temperature fluctuations,combined with the intensified influence of ENSO on land surface temperatures.

关键词： Carbon variability ENSO modulation CMIP6 models

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Temporal Change of Runoff and Sediment Load and their Differential Response to Human Activities:A Case Study for a Well-vegetated Mountain Watershed of Southern China

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Journal of Mountain Science 2014年第1期11卷 73-85页

作者： ZHENG Ming-guo SUN Li-ying YAN Ming key laboratory of Water cycle and related land surface processes Institute of Geographic Sciences & Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academic of Sciences

This study examined the temporal trends of runoff and sediment load and their differential response to human activities in the Lishui river,a tributary of the Yangtze river in southern *** long-term observation data at four gauging stations,generally involving two periods from 1954 to 1985 and from 2007 to 2011,were *** detected no significant temporal trend for both the annual runoff volume(Q) and the annual suspended Sediment Load(SL) over more than 30 years before *** flow duration curves and the Suspended Sediment Concentration(SSC) also hold constant before *** with the period before 1985,SL has decreased by about 80% though Q remains unchanged for the period after *** examination shows that the flow duration curves after 2007 have changed with a significant decrease in the high-flow component,which acts as a major cause for the decreasing *** addition,SSC has decreased by several times,which also contributes to the decrease in SL after *** decreases in high-flow discharges and in SSC can be linked with recent human activities,mainly including vegetation establishment and dam *** constant Q and the decreasing SL are also reported for the main stream of the Yangtze River and other major rivers in southern China,although they are orders of magnitude larger than our study area in drainage area *** present study highlights the importance of high-flow discharges on SL and suggests that the use of SL is more appropriate to reflect environmental change than Q.

关键词： Runoff Sediment load Reservoirs Environmental change Afforestation Lishui River

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Impact of hillslope vegetation restoration on gully erosion induced sediment yield

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Science China Earth Sciences 2006年第2期49卷 176-192页

作者： CHEN Hao CAI Qiangguo key laboratory of Water cycle and related land surface processes Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China

Facing the eco-environmental construction on the Loess Plateau, especially the vegeta-tion restoration in the semiarid areas, as well as the dam system engineering construction that is about to start, how can the vegetation restoration gain the optimum ecological benefits following the improvement of the preservation rates of trees and grass on the basis of guaranteeing water storage and silt trapping effects? What techniques should be taken to restore vegetation? These questions critical to environmental management on the Loess Plateau have to be settled urgently. According to the different macroscopic spatial distribution patterns of forest and grass on the Loess Plateau, this paper analyzes the macroscopic hillslope and gully management relationship in the middle Yellow River and weight of natural and human factors in erosion-induced sediment yield in the context of environmental background of the major silt producing areas. In light of the current status of the inte-grated management of small watersheds and soil and water conservation measure arrangement schemes of hillslopes and gullies on the Loess Plateau, this paper discusses the impact of vegetation restoration on gully erosion induced sediment yield and the effect of vegetation caused sediment re-duction. Studies indicate that there exists an erosional environmental background related to the natural and human activities in the sediment yield peak values of the sandy and coarse sandy areas in the middle Yellow River, sediment yield modulus is closely related to the synthetic effect of environ-mental elements, and the rainstorms, reclamation rate and forest coverage are the main factors af-fecting sediment yield modulus in the sandy and coarse sandy areas. The key to control soil erosion in the sandy and coarse sandy areas is the conversion of farmland into forestland and grassland, the reduction of reclamation rate and the increase of tree and grass vegetation. Small catchment man-agement should adhere to t

关键词： relationship between hillslope and gully erosion control, vegetation restoration, natural and human environmental element, Loess Plateau.

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Using LiDAR-DEM based rapid flood inundation modelling framework to map floodplain inundation extent and depth

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2020年第10期30卷 1649-1663页

作者： ZHANG Yongqiang key laboratory of Water cycle and related land surface processes Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchCASBeijing 100101China

Mapping floods is important for policy makers to make timely decisions in regards to emergency responses and future *** is therefore crucial to develop a rapid inundation modelling framework to map flood *** study develops an airborne scanning laser altimetry(LiDAR)digital elevation model(DEM)based Rapid flood Inundation Modelling framework(LiDAR-RIM)for assessment of inundation extent,depth,volume and duration for flood *** modelling framework has been applied to the mid-Murrumbidgee region in the southeast Murray-Darling Basin,Australia for two flood events occurred in December 2010 and March *** inundation extents estimated using this methodology compared well to those obtained from two landsat ETM+images,demonstrating suitability and applicability of this *** testing possibility of larger area application,the framework also uses 30-m resolution shuttle radar topography mission(SRTM)-DEM to replace Li DAR-DEM for the same *** inundation extents obtained by using the SRTM-DEM are smaller than those obtained using the Li DAR-DEM,especially for large flood events.A possible reason is that the river cross sections obtained from the SRTM-DEM are not accurate enough for inundation *** Li DAR-RIM has an advantage for process modelling and scenario modelling under future climatic conditions.

关键词： inundation modelling DEM LiDAR floodplain hydraulic remote sensing

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The recent evolution of dune landforms and its environmental indications in the mid-latitude desert area(Hexi Corridor)

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2022年第4期32卷 617-644页

作者： ZHU Bingqi key laboratory of Water cycle and related land surface processes Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchCASBeijing 100101China

The history of dune landform changes and dust activity at mid-latitudes is a good archive for exploring environmental changes and related landscape *** this study,the dynamic changes,material sources,dust activity history and the influencing factors of typical sand dunes in the Hexi Corridor were comprehensively analyzed from the aspects of aeolian geomorphology,grain-size sedimentology,geochemistry and *** results show that in the past half century,the typical crescent-shaped dunes and chains of crescent-shaped dunes in the study area have moved or swayed greatly,with an average speed ranging from 0.8 m/a(Dunhuang)to 6.2 m/a(Minqin).The dynamic changes of sand dunes are mainly affected by annual precipitation,annual average wind speed and annual gale days,which indicates that climate is the primary influencing factor of dune landform *** three-stage grain-size curve model of dune sands is obviously different from that of gobi sediments(two-stage),revealing the“immaturity”of the latter in sedimentology,while the former has experienced efficiently aeolian differentiation and non-local *** comprehensive evidences of paleogeography,sedimentology and geochemistry reveal that the source materials of sand dunes are mainly alluvial/proluvial and palaeo-fluvial sediments,including clastic sediments in the denudation/erosion zones of the north and south *** such as the proportion of surface fine particles,the coverage of surface salt crusts,and the content of erodible sandy materials indicate that the western gobi areas are not the main source areas of wind-blown dust in the central and eastern parts of the Hexi *** spatial distribution of the movement direction of sand dunes is similar to that of the regional dominant wind direction,which indicates that the difference in the dynamic evolution of dune landforms between the east and west of the Hexi Corridor should be controlled by the regional-scale wind system,tha

关键词： dune landform Gobi landform grain size sedimentology elemental geochemistry global warming desertification mid-latitude deserts

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Global change hydrology:Terrestrial water cycle and global change

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Science China Earth Sciences 2020年第3期63卷 459-462页

作者： Qiuhong TANG key laboratory of Water cycle and related land surface processes Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

*** Global Change Hydrology(GCH)is an emerging interdisciplinary field that links global change research and *** integrates hydrology,climatology,and geography to study the interactions between the terrestrial water cycle and global change across various time and space *** main objective of GCH is to understand the natural and anthropogenic causes of the changing terrestrial water cycle and the associated influences and feedbacks in the Earth system.

关键词： hydrology terrestrial Global

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Measurements and estimation of flow velocity in mobile bed rills

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2023年第1期38卷 97-104页

作者： Yunyun Ban China Agricultural University key laboratory of Water cycle and related land surface processes Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences

Rills are primary sediment sources and hillslope water/sediment runoff transport channels. Water flow velocities in rills are easily affected by bed condition over eroding and non-eroding slopes, which is an important hydrodynamic process in soil erosion research. This research is done to demonstrate the poorly understood “feedback mechanism” related to slope independence of flow velocity to slope gradient. A series of experiments were done on silt loam soil slopes to measure water flow velocity in rills under nine unit width flow rates(q)(0.17 × 10-3, 0.33 × 10-3, 0.67 × 10-3, 1.33 × 10-3, 2.67 × 10-3,5.33 × 10-3, 10.67 × 10-3, 21.33 × 10-3, and 42.67 × 10-3m3/(s·m)) combined with four slope gradients(8.7%, 17.6%, 26.8%, and 36.4%), in which mobile bed rills were monitored. For unit flow velocity under q ≤ 1.33 × 10-3m2/s, independence of flow velocity to slope was obtained. However, the results indicated that slope gradient combined with a higher unit flow rate contributed to better velocity prediction and fitted with a segmented equation well(R2= 0.95). A feedback mechanism was able to verify that the increase in roughness directly dissipated flow energy to reduce flow velocity, but cannot completely counterbalances steep slope effect. The experimental results showed that erosion-caused morphological changes on soil slopes reduce flow velocity by half due to an increase in bed roughness. Therefore, the current experimental measurements considering a wide range of flow rate and slope gradient conditions is useful to reveal the steep slope effect in mobile bed rills. The analysis showed that, for the investigated conditions, the flow velocity is a slope gradient-and flow ratedependent parameter.

关键词： Flow velocity Flow rate Slope gradient Model fitting Slope morphology

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Improvement of LCM model and determination of model parameters at watershed scale for flood events in Hongde Basin of China

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Water Science and Engineering 2017年第1期10卷 36-42页

作者： Jun Li Chang-ming Liu key laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Earth surface processes Institute of Mountain Hazards and EnvironmentChinese Academy of Sciences key laboratory of Water cycle and related land surface processes Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of Sciences

Considering the fact that the original two-parameter LCM model can only be used to investigate rainfall losses during the runoff period because the initial abstraction is not included, the LCM model was redefined as a three-parameter model, including the initial abstraction coefficient l, the initial abstraction Ia, and the rainfall loss coefficient R. The improved LCM model is superior to the original two-parameter model, which only includes r and R, where r is the initial rainfall loss index and can be calculated with l using the Soil Conservation Service curve number （SCS-CN） method, with r = 1/（1 ＋ λ）. The trial method was used to determine the parameter values of the improved LCM model at the watershed scale for 15 flood events in the Hongde Basin in China. The results show that larger r values are associated with smaller R values, and the parameter R ranges widely from 0.5 to 2.0. In order to improve the practicability of the LCM model, r = 0.833 with λ = 0.2 is reasonable for simplifying calculation. When the LCM model is applied to arid and semi-arid regions, rainfall without yielding runoff should be deducted from the total rainfall for more accurate estimation of rainfall-runoff.

关键词： LCM model SCS-CN method Rainfall-runoff Initial abstraction Partial-area runoff Determination of parameter Loess Plateau

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Modeling and analysis of effects of precipitation and vegetation coverage on runoff and sediment yield in Jinsha River Basin

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Water Science and Engineering 2013年第1期6卷 44-58页

作者： Jun DU Chang-xing SHI Chen-di ZHANG State key laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering Tsinghua University key laboratory of Water cycle and related land surface processes Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of Sciences

This paper focuses on the effects of precipitation and vegetation coverage on runoff and sediment yield in the Jinsha River Basin. Results of regression analysis were taken as input variables to investigate the applicability of the adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system （ANFIS） to simulating annual runoff and sediment yield. Correlation analysis indicates that runoff and sediment yield are positively correlated with the precipitation indices, while negatively correlated with the vegetation indices. Furthermore, the results of stepwise regression show that annual precipitation is the most important factor influencing the variation of runoff, followed by forest coverage, and their contributions to the variation ofrunoffare 69.8% and 17.3%, respectively. For sediment yield, rainfall erosivity is the most important factor, followed by forest coverage, and their contributions to the variation of sediment yield are 49.3% and 24.2%, respectively. The ANFIS model is of high precision in runoff forecasting, with a relative error of less than 5%, but of poor precision in sediment yield forecasting, indicating that precipitation and vegetation coverage can explain only part of the variation of sediment yield, and that other impact factors, such as human activities, should be sufficiently considered as well.

关键词： precipitation vegetation coverage runoff sediment yield," adaptive network-basedfuzzy inference system (ANFIS)," Jinsha River Basin

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