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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2013年第10期12卷 1712-1721页

作者： HAN Juan JIA Zhi-kuan HAN Qing-fang ZHANG Jie Chinese Institute of Water-Saving Agriculture Northwest A&F University/Key Laboratory of Crop Physi-Ecology and Tillage Science in Northwestern Loess PlateauMinistry of Agriculture

The ridge and furrow rainfall harvesting（RFRH） system is used for dryland crop production in northwest of *** determine the effects of RFRH using different mulching materials on corn growth and water use efficiency（WUE）,a field experiment was conducted during 2008-2010 at the Heyang Dryland Experimental Station,*** treatments were used in the *** received uncovered mulching in all RFRH treatments whereas ridges were mulched with plastic film（PF）,biodegradable film（BF） or liquid film（LF）.A conventional flat field without mulching was used as the control（CK）.The results indicated that the average soil water storage at depths of 0-200 cm were 8.2 and 7.3%,respectively higher with PF and BF than with ***,LF improved soil water storage during the early growth stage of the *** with CK,the corn yields with PF and BF were increased by 20.4 and 19.4%,respectively,and WUE with each treatment increased by 23.3 and 21.7%,*** were no significant differences in corn yield or WUE with the PF and BF *** net income was the highest with PF,followed by BF,and the 3-yr average net incomes with these treatments were increased by 2 559 and 2 430 CNY ha-1,respectively,compared with *** and PF had similar effects in enhancing the soil water content,crop yield and net ***,it can be concluded that biodegradable film may be a sustainable ecological alternative to plastic film for use in the RFRH system in northwest of China.

关键词： corn growth mulching materials ridge and furrow rainfall harvesting soil water spring corn

Better tillage selection before ridge–furrow film mulch can facilitate root proliferation, and increase nitrogen accumulation,translocation and grain yield of maize in a semiarid area

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2023年第6期22卷 1658-1670页

作者： ZHANG Miao-miao DANG Peng-fei LIYu-ze QIN Xiao-liang Kadambot H.M.SIDDIQUE College of Agronomy/key laboratory of crop physio-ecology and tillage science in northwestern loess plateau Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100P.R.China The UWA Institute of Agriculture and School of Agriculture&Environment The University of Western AustraliaPerth WA 6001Australia

Plastic film mulch systems are used widely in arid areas, and the associated tillage measures affect soil properties, root and crop growth, and nutrient uptake. However, much debate surrounds the most suitable tillage method for plastic film mulch systems. We conducted a two-year field experiment to explore the impact of three tillage treatments-rotary tillage before ridge–furrow plastic film mulch(MR), no-tillage before ridge–furrow plastic film mulch(MZ), and plow tillage before ridge–furrow plastic film mulch(MP)-on soil total nitrogen, available nitrogen, root stratification structure,nitrogen transfer and utilization, and maize yield. The results showed that MP had better soil quality than either MR or MZ over 2019 and 2020, with higher nitrate-nitrogen and total nitrogen in the 0–40 cm soil layer. MP improved the soil physicochemical properties more than the other treatments, producing significantly higher root numbers and root biomass for the aerial and underground nodal roots than MR and MZ. At harvest, MP had the highest root biomass density,root length density, and root surface area density in the different soil layers(0–20, 20–40, and 0–40 cm). Significant correlations occurred between root biomass and aboveground nitrogen accumulation during maize growth. During grain filling, MP had the greatest nitrogen transfer amount, significantly increasing root and aboveground nitrogen transfer by 19.63–45.82% and 11.15–24.56%, respectively, relative to the other treatments. MP significantly produced 1.36–26.73%higher grain yields and a higher grain crude protein content at harvest than MR and MZ. MP also had higher values for the nitrogen harvest index, nitrogen uptake efficiency, and partial factor productivity of nitrogen fertilizer than MR and *** conclusion, plow tillage combined with a ridge–furrow plastic film mulch system facilitated maize root development and improved nitrogen utilization, thereby increasing maize yield more than the other treatments.

关键词： maize tillage plastic film mulch root nitrogen transfer

Effects of uniconazole with or without micronutrient on the lignin biosynthesis,lodging resistance,and winter wheat production in semiarid regions

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2020年第1期19卷 62-77页

作者： Irshad AHMAD MENG Xiang-ping Muhammad KAMRAN Shahzad ALI Shakeel AHMAD LIU Tie-ning CAI Tie HAN Qing-fang key laboratory of crop physio-ecology and tillage science in north-western loess plateau Ministry of Agriculture/College of AgronomyNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100P.R.China key laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas Ministry of Education/Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of ChinaNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100P.R.China

Lodging stress results in grain yield and quality reduction in wheat. Uniconazole, a potential plant growth regulator significantly enhances lignin biosynthesis and thus provides mechanical strength to plants in order to cope with lodging stress. A field study was conducted during the 2015–2016 and 2016–2017 growing seasons, to investigate the effects of uniconazole sole application or with micronutrient on the lignin biosynthesis, lodging resistance, and production of winter wheat. In the first experiment, uniconazole at concentrations of 0(CK), 15(US1), 30(US2), and 45(US3) mg L^-1 was applied as sole seed soaking, while in the second experiment with manganese(Mn) at concentration of 0.06 g L^-1 Mn, 0.06 g L^-1 Mn+ 15 mg L^-1 uniconazole(UMS1), 0.06 g L^-1 Mn+30 mg L^-1 uniconazole(UMS2), and 0.06 g L^-1 Mn+45 mg L^-1 uniconazole(UMS3), respectively. Uniconazole sole application or with micronutrient significantly increased the lignin content by improving the lignin-related enzyme activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase, tyrosine ammonialyase, and peroxidase, ameliorating basal internode characteristics, and breaking strength. The spike length, spike diameter, spikes/plant, weight/spike, yield/spike, and grain yield increased and then decreased with uniconazole application at a higher concentration, where their maximum values were recorded with UMS2 and US2 treatments. The lignin accumulation was positively correlated with lignin-related enzyme activities and breaking strength while, negatively correlated with lodging rate. Uniconazole significantly improved the lignin biosynthesis, lodging resistance, and grain yield of winter wheat and the treatments which showed the greatest effects were uniconazole seed soaking with micronutrient at a concentration of 30 mg L^-1 and 0.06 g L^-1 , and uniconazole sole seed soaking at a concentration of 30 mg L^-1 .

关键词： lignin biosynthesis lodging resistance semi-arid regions manganese uniconazole wheat

Effect of Rotational tillage on Soil Aggregates, Organic Carbon and Nitrogen in the loess plateau Area of China

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Pedosphere 2013年第4期23卷 542-548页

作者： HOU Xian-Qing LI Rong JIA Zhi-Kuan HAN Qing-Fang Chinese Institute of Water-Saving Agriculture Northwest A&F University key laboratory of crop Physi-ecology and tillage science in northwestern loess plateau Ministry of Agriculture Northwest A&F University School of Agriculture Ningxia University

In rain-fed semi-arid agroecosystems, continuous conventional tillage can cause serious problems in soil quality and crop production, whereas rotational tillage （no-tillage and subsoiling） could decrease soil bulk density, and increase soil aggregates and organic carbon in the 0-40 cm soil layer. A 3-year field study was conducted to determine the effect of tillage practices on soil organic carbon （SOC）, total nitrogen （TN）, water-stable aggregate size distribution and aggregate C and N sequestration from 0 to 40 cm soil in semi-arid areas of southern Ningxia. Three tillage treatments were tested： no-tillage in year 1, subsoiling in year 2, and no-tillage in year 3 （NT-ST-NT）; subsoiling in year 1, no-tillage in year 2, and subsoiling in year 3 （ST-NT-ST）; and conventional tillage over years 1-3 （CT）. Mean values of soil bulk density in 0-40 cm under NT-ST-NT and ST-NT-ST were significantly decreased by 3.3% and 6.5%, respectively, compared with CT, while soil total porosity was greatly improved. Rotational tillage increased SOC, TN, and water-stable aggregates in the 0-40 cm soil, with the greatest effect under ST-NT-ST. In 0-20 and 2（}-40 cm soils, the tillage effect was confined to the 2-0.25 mm size fraction of soil aggregates, and rotational tillage treatments obtained significantly higher SOC and TN contents than conventional tillage. No significant differences were detected in SOC and TN contents in the 〉 2 mm and 〈 0.25 mm aggregates among all treatments. In conclusion, rotational tillage practices could significantly increase SOC and TN levels, due to a fundamental change in soil structure, and maintain agroecosystem sustainability in the loess plateau area of China.

关键词： semi-arid region SOC sorage soil bulk density tillage practice water-stable aggregates

Nitrogen management improves lodging resistance and production in maize(Zea mays L.)at a high plant density

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2023年第2期22卷 417-433页

作者： Irshad AHMAD Maksat BATYRBEK Khushnuma IKRAM Shakeel AHMAD Muhammad KAMRAN Misbah Raham Sher KHAN HOU Fu-jiang HAN Qing-fang key laboratory of crop physio-ecology and tillage science in north-western loess plateau Ministry of Agriculture/College of AgronomyNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100P.R.China State key laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems/key laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Engineering Research Center of Grassland IndustryMinistry of Education/College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and TechnologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730020P.R.China Department of Biotechnology Abdul Wali Khan University MardanMardan 23200Pakistan

Lodging in maize leads to yield losses *** this study,we determined the effects of traditional and optimized nitrogen management strategies on culm morphological characteristics,culm mechanical strength,lignin content,root growth,lodging percentage and production in maize at a high plant *** compared a traditional nitrogen(N)application rate of 300 kg ha–1(R)and an optimized N application rate of 225 kg ha^(–1)(O)under four N application modes:50%of N applied at sowing and 50%at the 10th-leaf stage(N1);100%of N applied at sowing(N2);40%of N applied at sowing,40%at the 10th-leaf stage and 20%at tasseling stage(N3);and 30%of N applied at sowing,30%at the 10th-leaf stage,20%at the tasseling stage,and 20%at the silking stage(N4).The optimized N rate(225 kg ha^(–1))significantly reduced internode lengths,plant height,ear height,center of gravity height and lodging *** optimized N rate significantly increased internode diameters,filling degrees,culm mechanical strength,root growth and lignin *** application of N in four split doses(N4)significantly improved culm morphological characteristics,culm mechanical strength,lignin content,and root growth,while it reduced internode lengths,plant height,ear height,center of gravity height and lodging *** diameters,filling degrees,culm mechanical strength,lignin content,number and diameter of brace roots,root volume,root dry weight,bleeding safe and grain yield were significantly negatively correlated with plant height,ear height,center of gravity height,internode lengths and lodging *** conclusion,treatment ON4 significantly reduced the lodging percentage by improving the culm morphological characteristics,culm mechanical strength,lignin content,and root growth,so it improved the production of the maize crop at a high plant density.

关键词： high plant density lodging resistance maize nitrogen rates nitrogen application modes

Evaluation of the reference genes for expression analysis using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae

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Insect science 2017年第2期24卷 222-234页

作者： Zhi-Wei Kang Fang-Hua Liu Hong-Gang Tian Meng Zhang Shan-Shan Guo Tong-Xian Liu State key laboratory of crop Stress Biology for the Arid Areas and Key Laboratory of Northwest Loess Plateau Crop Pest Managementof Ministry of Agriculture and Northwest A&F University Yangling Shaanxi China

The green peach aphid, Myzus persicae Sulzer （Hemiptera, Aphididae）, is an important cosmopolitan pest. Real time qRT-PCR has been used for target gene expression analysis on M. persicae. Using real time qRT-PCR, the expression levels are normalized on the basis of the reliable reference genes. However, to date, the stability of available reference genes has been insufficient. In this study, we evaluated nine candidate reference genes from M. persicae under diverse experimental conditions. The tested candidate genes were comprehensively ranked based on five alternative methods （RefFinder, geNorm, Normfinder, BestKeeper and the comparative ACt method）. 18s, Actin and ribosomal protein L27 （L27） were recommended as the most stable reference genes for M. persicae, whereas ribosomal protein L27 （L27） was found to be the least stable reference genes for abiotic studies （photoperiod, temperature and insecticide susceptibility）. Our finding not only sheds light on establishing an accurate and reliable normalization of real time qRT-PCR data in M. persicae but also lays a solid foundation for further studies of M. persicae involving RNA interference and functional gene research.

关键词： Myzus persicae real-time qRT-PCR reference gene stability treatment

Heterogeneous population distribution enhances resistance to wheat lodging by optimizing the light environment

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第7期23卷 2211-2226页

作者： Yibo Hu Feng Qin Zhen Wu Xiaoqin Wang Xiaolong Ren Zhikuan Jia Zhenlin Wang Xiaoguang Chen Tie Cai College of Agronomy Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China key laboratory of crop Physi-ecology and tillage science in northwestern loess plateau Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China College of Agronomy Shandong Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop BiologyTai’an 271018China Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural sciences in Jiangsu Xuhuai Area Xuzhou 221131China

Lodging is still the key factor that limits continuous increases in wheat yields today,because the mechanical strength of culms is reduced due to low-light stress in populations under high-yield *** mechanical properties of the culm are mainly determined by lignin,which is affected by the light ***,little is known about whether the light environment can be sufficiently improved by changing the population distribution to inhibit culm ***,in this study,we used the wheat cultivar“Xinong 979”to establish a low-density homogeneous distribution treatment(LD),high-density homogeneous distribution treatment(HD),and high-density heterogeneous distribution treatment(HD-h)to study the regulatory effects and mechanism responsible for differences in the lodging resistance of wheat culms under different population *** with LD,HD significantly reduced the light transmittance in the middle and basal layers of the canopy,the net photosynthetic rate in the middle and lower leaves of plants,the accumulation of lignin in the culm,and the breaking resistance of the culm,and thus the lodging index values increased significantly,with lodging rates of 67.5%in 2020–2021 and 59.3%in 2021–*** HD-h,the light transmittance and other indicators in the middle and basal canopy layers were significantly higher than those under HD,and the lodging index decreased to the point that no lodging *** with LD,the activities of phenylalanine ammonia-Lyase(PAL),4-coumarate:coenzyme A ligase(4CL),catechol-O-methyltransferase(COMT),and cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase(CAD)in the lignin synthesis pathway were significantly reduced in the culms under HD during the critical period for culm formation,and the relative expression levels of TaPAL,Ta4CL,TaCOMT,and TaCAD were significantly ***,the activities of lignin synthesis-related enzymes and their gene expression levels were significantly increased under HD-h compare

关键词： canopy light environment lignin lodging population distribution wheat

Evaluation of five antibiotics on larval gut bacterial diversity of Plutella xylostella （Lepidoptera： Plutellidae）

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Insect science 2015年第5期22卷 619-628页

作者： Xiao-Li Lin Zhi-Wei Kang Qin-Jian Pan Tong-Xian Liu State key laboratory of crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and Key Laboratory of Northwest Loess Plateau Crop Pest Managementof Ministry of Agriculture Northwest A&F University Yangling Shaanxi 712100 China

Larvae of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella L. （Lepidoptera： Plutelli- dae）, have rich microbial communities inhabiting the gut, and these bacteria contribute to the fitness of the pest. In this study we evaluated the effects of five antibiotics （rifampicin, ampicillin, tetracycline, streptomycin sulfate and chloramphenicol） on the gut bacterial di- versity ofP xylostella larvae. We screened five different concentrations for each antibiotic in a leaf disc assay, and found that rifampicin and streptomycin sulfate at 3 mg/mL signif- icantly reduced the diversity of the bacterial community, and some bacterial species could be rapidly eliminated. The number of gut bacteria in the rifampicin group and strepto- mycin sulfate group decreased more rapidly than the others. With the increase of antibiotic concentration, the removal efficiency was improved, whereas toxic effects became more apparent. All antibiotics reduced larval growth and development, and eventually caused high mortality, malformation of the prepupae, and hindered pupation and adult emergence. Among the five antibiotics, tetracycline was the most toxic and streptomycin sulfate was a relatively mild one. Some dominant bacteria were not affected by feeding antibiotics alone. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis graph showed that the most abundant and diverse bacteria in P xylostella larval gut appeared in the cabbage feeding group, and diet change and antibiotics intake influenced gut flora abundance. Species diversity was significantly reduced in the artificial diet and antibiotics treatment groups. After feeding on the artificial diet with rifampicin, streptomycin sulfate and their mixture for 10 days, larval gut bacteria could not be completely removed as detected with the agarose gel electrophoresis method.

关键词： antibiotics endosymbiont gut bacteria microbes PCR-DGGE

Combining conservation tillage with nitrogen fertilization promotes maize straw decomposition by regulating soil microbial community and enzyme activities

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Pedosphere 2024年第4期34卷 783-796页

作者： Houping ZHANG Xueqin TANG Quanming HOU Yuanpeng ZHU Zhangheng REN Huanxin XIE Yuncheng LIAO Weiyan WANG Xiaoxia WEN College of Agronomy Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China key laboratory of crop Physi-ecology and tillage science in northwestern loess plateau Ministry of AgricultureNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China key laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

Straw return can effectively improve farmland soil microenvironment and ***,excessive straw in the topsoil adversely affects seed germination and crop *** present,the characteristics and key driving factors of straw decomposition in dry farmlands are *** on the interactions between tillage practices including zero tillage(ZT),chisel tillage(CT),and plow tillage(PT)and nitrogen(N)fertilization,i.e.,low N(N1,180 kg ha^(-1)),normal N(N2,240 kg ha^(-1)),and high N(N3,300 kg ha^(-1)),quantitative polymerase chain reaction technology and an enzymatic detection kit were used to investigate the effects of key straw C-degrading enzyme activities and microbial abundance in soil on maize straw decomposition during the growth period of winter wheat in the winter wheat/summer maize double cropping system in a dry farmland of the loess plateau,*** 2018 and 2020,ZT and CT significantly increased winter wheat yield(by 10.94%and 12.79%,respectively)and straw decomposition velocity(by 20%and 26.67%,respectively),compared with *** to N1 and N3,N2 significantly increased wheat yield(by 4.65%and 5.31%,respectively)and straw decomposition velocity(by 26.33%and 13.21%,respectively).The partial least squares pathway modelling showed significant positive direct effects of soil moisture,NO3-,NH4+,total N,bacteria,and cellulase,laccase,and xylanase activities on straw decomposition,while soil pH,fungi,and Actinomycetes had significant negative direct ***,conservation tillage(ZT and CT)combined with N2 was beneficial for straw decomposition in the drylands of the loess plateau and improved straw resource utilization and basic soil *** results of the study clarified the key drivers of straw decomposition in dry farmlands and provided new ideas for developing updated soil management practices and adaptive N application strategies to promote the resource utilization of straw and achieve the goals of carbon peaking and carbon ne

关键词： hydrolytic enzyme microbial biomass oxidative enzyme straw decomposition velocity tillage practice

Expression patterns and functional analysis of the short neuropeptide F and NPF receptor genes in Rhopalosiphum padi

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Insect science 2021年第4期28卷 952-964页

作者： Xiong Peng Cheng Chen Yixiao Huang Suji Wang Sha Su Maohua Chen State key laboratory of crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Integrated Pest Management on the Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina

The short neuropeptide F(sNPF)and NPF receptor(NPFR)genes play important roles in many physiological ***,information on the survival-related functions of sNPF and NPFR under different stress conditions is lacking in *** this study,we cloned sNPF and NPFR,and investigated the expression levels of these genes in different developmental stages,wing morphs,and stress conditions of the bird cherry-oat aphid(Rhopalosiphum padi L.),an important agricultural *** sNPF and NPFR transcript levels varied among developmental stages,and their expression levels in alate females were significantly higher than those in apterous *** addition,starvation resulted in significantly increased sNPF expression,which then recovered after *** stress and insecticides significantly affected transcription of both *** and NPFR knockdown in *** using RNA interference revealed optimal interference efficiency at 48 h *** knockdown significantly decreased adult longevity,15-d fecundity,and food ***,mortality under starvation,insecticides,and heat stress conditions was significantly higher after injection with double-stranded sNPF in *** knockdown significantly affected food intake and starvation resistance in *** results strongly indicate that sNPF plays vital roles in food intake,longevity,and reproduction in ***,and it can significantly affect the pest's response to stress conditions.

关键词： fecundity food intake heat stress insecticides starvation survival rate