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Screening Methods for Waterlogging Tolerance at Maize (Zea mays L.) Seedling Stage

Agricultural Sciences in China 2010年第3期9卷 362-369页

作者： LIU Yong-zhong, TANG Bin, ZHENG Yong-lian, MA Ke-jun, XU Shang-zhong and QIU Fa-zhan National key laboratory of crop genetic improvement/Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R.China [a] National key laboratory of crop genetic improvement/Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan 430070 P.R.China

Waterlogging strongly affects agronomic performance of maize （Zea mays L.）. In order to investigate the suitable selection criteria of waterflooding tolerant genotypes, and identify the most susceptible stage and the best continuous treatment time to waterlogging, 20 common maize inbred lines were subjected to successive artificial waterflooding at seedling stage, and waterlogging tolerance coefficient （WTC） was used to screen waterflooding tolerant genotypes. In addition, peroxidase （POD） activities and malondialdehyde （MDA） contents were measured for 6 of 20 lines. The results showed that the second leaf stage （V2） was the most susceptible stage, and 6 d after waterflooding was the best continuous treatment time. Dry weight （DW） of both shoots and roots of all lines were significantly reduced at 6 d time-point of waterlogging, compared to control. POD activities and MDA contents were negatively and significantly correlated, and the correlation coefficient was -0.9686 （P 〈 0.0001）. According to the results, WTC of shoot DW can be used for practical screening as a suitable index, which is significantly different from control and waterlogged plants happened 6 d earlier. Furthermore, leaf chlorosis, MDA content and POD activities could also be used as reference index for material screening. The implications of the results for waterlogging-tolerant material screening and waterlogging-tolerant breeding have been discussed in maize.

关键词： maize (Zea mays L.) waterlogging tolerance screening method selection criteria

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Deciphering the evolution and complexity of wheat germplasm from a genomic perspective

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Journal of genetics and genomics 2023年第11期50卷 846-860页

作者： Zihao Wang Lingfeng Miao Yongming Chen Huiru Peng Zhongfu Ni Qixin Sun Weilong Guo Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and UtilizationBeijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China

Bread wheat provides an essential fraction of the daily calorific intake for *** to its huge and complex genome,progress in studying on the wheat genome is substantially trailed behind those of the other two major crops,rice and maize,for at least a *** rapid advances in genome assembling and reduced cost of high-throughput sequencing,emerging de novo genome assemblies of wheat and whole-genome sequencing data are leading to a paradigm shift in wheat ***,we review recent progress in dissecting the complex genome and germplasm evolution of wheat since the release of the first high-quality wheat *** insights have been gained in the evolution of wheat germplasm during domestication and modern breeding progress,genomic variations at multiple scales contributing to the diversity of wheat germplasm,and complex transcriptional and epigenetic regulations of functional genes in polyploid *** databases and bioinformatics tools meeting the urgent needs of wheat ge-nomics research are also *** ever-increasing omics data,along with advanced tools and well-structured databases,are expected to accelerate deciphering the germplasm and gene resources in wheat for future breeding advances.

关键词： Wheat genomics Evolution Wheat germplasm Multi-omics Databases and tools

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Functional Characterization of Mi, a Root-knot Nematode Resistance Gene from Tomato （ Lycopersicon esculentum L.）

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2006年第12期48卷 1458-1465页

作者： Ru-Gang Chen Li-Ying Zhang Jun-Hong Zhang Wei Zhang Xue Wang Bo Ouyang Han-Xia Li Zhi-Biao Ye National key laboratory of crop genetic improvement Wuhan 430070 China National Center for Vegetable improvement Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan 430070 China

Root-knot nematodes （Meloidogyne spp.） cause major economic damage to numerous crop species around the world. Plant resistance is the most important attribute that is able to suppress invasion by the rootknot nematodes. In the present study, a candidate root-knot nematode resistance gene （Mi） was isolated from the resistant tomato （Lycopersicon esculentum L.） line RN-1. Expression profiling analysis revealed that this gene was expressed specifically in the roots, stems, and leaves, but not in the flowers or fruits. To verify the real function of this candidate gene, both sense and inteference RNA （RNAi） vectors were constructed. We obtained 31 transgenic plants with between one and seven copies of T-DNA inserts of sense Mi from two nematode-susceptible tomato cultivars as assayed by polymerase chain reaction （PCR） and Southern blotting analysis. Reverse transcription-PCR analysis revealed that expression levels of the Mi gene varied in different transgenic plants. Nematode assays showed that the resistance to root-knot nematodes was significantly improved in some transgenic lines compared with untransformed susceptible controls and that the resistance was heritable in selfed progeny. Loss of function via RNAi further confirmed the role of the Mi gene and the original resistant lines became susceptible to root-knot nematodes.

关键词： Mi gene overexpression RNAi root-knot nematode tomato

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Changes of Antioxidative Enzymes and Lipid Peroxidation in Leaves and Roots of Waterlogging-Tolerant and Waterlogging-Sensitive Maize Genotypes at Seedling Stage

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2010年第5期9卷 651-661页

作者： TANG Bin XU Shang-zhong ZOU Xi-ling ZHENG Yong-lian QIU Fa-zhan National key laboratory of crop genetic improvement Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan 430070 P.R.China

To better understand the physiological and biochemical mechanisms of waterlogging tolerance, waterlogging effects on lipid peroxidation and the activity of antioxidative enzymes were investigated in leaves and roots of two maize genotypes, HZ32 （waterlogging-tolerant） and K12 （waterlogging-sensitive）. Potted maize plants were waterlogged at the second leaf stage under glasshouse conditions. Leaves and roots were harvested 1 d before and 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 d after the start of waterlogging treatment. Through comparing the activities of superoxide dismutase （SOD）, ascorbate peroxidase （APX）, glutathione reductase （GR）, catalase （CAT） and guaiacol peroxidase （POD） between waterlogging-tolerant and waterloggingsensitive genotype, we deduced that CAT was the most important H2O2 scavenging enzyme in leaves, while APX seemed to play a key role in roots. POD, APX, GR and CAT activities in conjunction with SOD seem to play an essential protective role in the O2^- and H2O2 scavenging process. Lipid peroxidation was enhanced significantly only in K12 （P 〈 0.001） and there was no difference （P 〉 0.05） in HZ32 up to 6 d after waterlogging stress. These results indicated that oxidative stress may play an important role in waterlogging-stressed maize plants and that the greater protection of HZ32 leaves and roots from waterlogging-induced oxidative damage results, at least in part, through the maintenance of increased antioxidant enzyme activity.

关键词： antioxidative enzymes lipid peroxidation maize (Zea mays L.) seedling stage waterlogging stress

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Transcriptome profiling reveals insights into the molecular mechanism of drought tolerance in sweetpotato

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2019年第1期18卷 9-23页

作者： ZHU Hong ZHOU Yuan-yuan ZHAI Hong HE Shao-zhen ZHAO Ning LIU Qing-chang key laboratory of Sweetpotato Biology and Biotechnology Ministry of Agriculture/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and UtilizationMinistry of Education/College of Agronomy & BiotechnologyChina Agricultural University

Sweetpotato,Ipomoea batatas(L.) Lam.,is a globally important food crop and usually grown on arid-and semi-arid ***,investigating the molecular mechanism of drought tolerance will provide important information for the improvement of drought tolerance in this *** this study,transcriptome analysis of the drought-tolerant sweetpotato line Xushu 55-2 was conducted on Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform.A total of 86.69 Gb clean data were generated and assembled into 2 671 693 contigs,222 073 transcripts,and 73 636 *** total,11 359 differentially expressed genes(DEGs) were identified after PEG6000 treatment,in which 7 666 were up-regulated and 3 693 were *** the 11 359 DEGs,10 192 DEGs were annotated in at least one database,and the remaining 1 167 DEGs were *** acid(ABA),ethylene(ETH),and jasmonic acid(JA) signalling pathways play a major role in drought tolerance of ***-inducible transcription factors were identified,some of which have been reported to be associated with drought tolerance and others are unknown in *** addition,7 643 SSRs were *** study not only reveals insights into the molecular mechanism of drought tolerance in sweetpotato but also provides the candidate genes involved in drought tolerance of this crop.

关键词： sweetpotato Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. transcriptome drought tolerance molecular mechanism SSR markers

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genetic characteristics of a wheat founder parent and a widely planted cultivar derived from the same cross

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2018年第4期17卷 775-785页

作者： CHANG Li-fang LI Hui-hui WU Xiao-yang LU Yu-qing ZHANG Jin-peng YANG Xin-ming LI Xiu-quan LIU Wei-hua LI Li-hui National key Facility for Gene Resources and genetic improvement/key laboratory of crop Germplasm Utilization Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Crop Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Founder parents have contributed significantly to the improvement of wheat breeding and production. In order to investigate the genetic characteristics of founder parents and widely planted cultivars, Mazhamai(M), Biyumai(B) and six sibling lines(BM1–6) derived from the cross M×B were phenotyped for eight yield-related traits over multiple years and locations and genotyped using the the wheat 90 K single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) assay. BM4 has been used as a founder parent, and BM1 has been widely planted, whereas BM2, 3, 5, and 6 have not been used extensively for breeding or planting in China. Phenotypic comparisons revealed that BM4 and BM1 displayed a better overall performance than the other sibling lines. BM1 showed higher thousand-grain weight than BM4, whereas BM4 exhibited lower coefficient of variation for most of the yield-related traits across different years and locations, indicating that BM4 was widely adaptable and more stable in different environments. SNP analysis revealed that BM4 and BM1 inherited similar proportions of the M genome but are dissimilar to BM2, 3, 5, and 6. Both BM1 and BM4 have specific alleles that differ from the other BM lines, and most of these alleles are concentrated in specific chromosomal regions that are found to associate with favorable QTLs, these SNPs and their surrounding regions may carry the genetic determinants important for the superior performance of the two lines. But BM4 has more genetic diversity than BM1 with more specific alleles and pleiotropic regions, indicating that the genome of BM4 may be more complex than the other sibling lines and has more favorable gene resources. Our results provide valuable information that can be used to select elite parents for wheat and self-pollinating crop breeding.

关键词： wheat founder parents widely planted cultivars SNP

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Shaping polyploid wheat for success:Origins,domestication,and the genetic improvement of agronomic traits

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2022年第2期64卷 536-563页

作者： Jie Liu Yingyin Yao Mingming Xin Huiru Peng Zhongfu Ni Qixin Sun State key laboratory for Agrobiotechnology Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilizationthe Ministry of EducationKey Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementNational Plant Gene Research CentreChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193 China

Bread wheat(Triticum aestivum L.,AABBDD,2 n=6 x=42),which accounts for most of the cultivated wheat crop worldwide,is a typical allohexaploid with a genome derived from three diploid wild *** wheat arose and evolved via two sequential allopolyploidization events and was further polished through multiple steps of ***,cultivated allohexaploid bread wheat has numerous advantageous traits,including adaptive plasticity,favorable yield traits,and extended end-use quality,which have enabled its cultivation well beyond the ranges of its tetraploid and diploid progenitors to become a global staple food *** the past decade,rapid advances in wheat genomic research have considerably accelerated our understanding of the bases for the shaping of complex agronomic traits in this polyploid ***,we summarize recent advances in characterizing major genetic factors underlying the origin,evolution,and improvement of polyploid *** end with a brief discussion of the future prospects for the design of gene cloning strategies and modern wheat breeding.

关键词： adaptation bread wheat domestication end-use quality photoperiod response polyploid semi-dwarfing breeding vernalization

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Analysis of drought tolerance and genetic and epigenetic variations in a somatic hybrid between Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. and I. triloba L.

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2017年第1期16卷 36-46页

作者： JIA Li-cong ZHAI Hong HE Shao-zhen YANG Yu-feng LIU Qing-chang Beijing key laboratory of crop genetic improvement/laboratory of crop Heterosis and Utilization Ministry of Education/China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 P.R. China

The somatic hybrid KT1 was previously obtained from protoplast fusion between sweetpotato （Ipomoea batatas （L.） Lam.） cv. Kokei No. 14 and its wild relative I. triloba L. However, its genetic and epigenetic variations have not been investigated. This study showed that KT1 exhibited significantly higher drought tolerance compared to the cultivated parent Kokei No. 14. The content of proline and activities of superoxide dismutase （SOD） and photosynthesis were significantly increased, while malonaldehyde （MDA） content was significantly decreased compared to Kokei No. 14 under drought stress. KT1 also showed higher expression level of well-known drought stress-responsive genes compared to Kokei No. 14 under drought stress. Amplified fragment length polymorphism （AFLP） and methylation-sensitive amplified polymorphism （MSAP） analyses indicated that KT1 had AFLP and MSAP band patterns consisting of both parent specific bands and changed bands. Fur- ther analysis demonstrated that in KT1. the proportions of Kokei No. 14 specific genome components and methylation sites were much greater than those of I. triloba. KT1 had the same chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes as Kokei No. 14. These results will aid in developing the useful genes ofI. triloba and understanding the evolution and phylogeny of the cultivated sweetpotato.

关键词： drought tolerance epigenetic variation genetic variation Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lain. I. triloba L. somatic hybrid

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Transcriptome Comparison of Susceptible and Resistant Wheat in Response to Powdery Mildew Infection

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genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2012年第2期10卷 94-106页

作者： Mingming Xin Xiangfeng Wang Huiru Peng Yingyin Yao Chaojie Xie Yao Han ZhongfuNi Qixin Sun State key laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and MOE key laboratory of crop Heterosis and Utilization and MOA key laboratory of crop genomics and genetic improvement Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China National Plant Gene Research Centre(Beijing) Beijing 100094China School of Plant Sciences University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85721USA

Powdery mildew （Pro） caused by the infection of Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici （Bgt） is a worldwide crop disease resulting in significant loss of wheat yield. To profile the genes and pathways responding to the Bgt infection, here, using Affymetrix wheat microarrays, we compared the leaf transcriptomes before and after Bgt inoculation in two wheat genotypes, a Pm-susceptible cultivar Jingdong 8 （S） and its near-isogenic line （R） carrying a single Pm resistant gene Pm30. Our analysis showed that the original gene expression status in the S and R genotypes of wheat was almost identical before Bgt inoculation, since only 60 genes exhibited differential expression by P = 0.01 cutoff. However, 12 h after Bgt inoculation, 3014 and 2800 genes in the S and R genotype, respectively, responded to infec- tion. A wide range of pathways were involved, including cell wall fortification, flavonoid biosynthesis and metabolic processes. Further- more, for the first time, we show that sense-antisense pair genes might be participants in wheat-powdery mildew interaction. In addition, the results of qRT-PCR analysis on several candidate genes were consistent with the microarray data in their expression patterns. In summary, this study reveals leaf transcriptome changes before and after powdery mildew infection in wheat near-isogenic lines, suggest- ing that powdery mildew resistance is a highly complex systematic response involving a large amount of gene regulation.

关键词： Wheat Pathogen resistance Powdery mildew Microarrays

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Rice SPL10 positively regulates trichome development through expression of HL6 and auxin-related genes

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2021年第8期63卷 1521-1536页

作者： Jinjie Li Bo Tang Yingxiu Li Chenguang Li Minjie Guo Haiyang Chen Shichen Han Jin Li Qijin Lou Wenqiang Sun Peng Wang Haifeng Guo Wei Ye Zhanying Zhang Hongliang Zhang Sibin Yu Long Zhang Zichao Li State key laboratory of Agrobiotechnology/Beijing key laboratory of crop genetic improvement College of Agronomy and BiotechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193 China National key laboratory of crop genetic improvement Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan430070 China College of Plant Protection China Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193 China

Trichomes function in plant defenses against biotic and abiotic stresses;examination of glabrous lines,which lack trichomes,has revealed key aspects of trichome development and *** of allelism in 51 glabrous rice(Oryza sativa)accessions collected worldwide identified OsSPL10 and OsWOX3B as regulators of trichome development in ***,we report that OsSPL10 acts as a transcriptional regulator controlling trichome *** and transient expression analyses revealed that variation in the approximately 700-bp OsSPL10 promoter region is the primary cause of the glabrous phenotype in the indica cultivar *** of OsSPL10 by genome editing decreased leaf trichome density and length in the NIL-HL6 *** with genotype OsSPL10^(WD-17993)/HL6 generated by crossing WD-17993 with NIL-HL6 also had fewer trichomes in the *** LEAF6(HL6)encodes another transcription factor that regulates trichome initiation and elongation,and OsSPL10 directly binds to the HL6 promoter to regulate its ***,the transcript levels of auxin-related genes,such as OsYUCCA5 and OsPIN-FORMED1b,were altered in OsSPL10 overexpression and RNAi transgenic *** tests using locusts(Locusta migratoria)demonstrated that non-glandular trichomes affect feeding by this *** findings provide a molecular framework for trichome development and an ecological perspective on trichome functions.

关键词： auxin complementary genes hairy leaves Oryza sativa OsWOX3B

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