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Dolomitization evolution and its effects on hydrocarbon reservoir formation from penecontemporaneous to deep burial environment

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Petroleum Exploration and Development 2022年第4期49卷 731-743页

作者： SHEN Anjiang LUO Xianying HU Anping QIAO Zhanfeng ZHANG Jie PetroChina Hangzhou Institute of Petroleum Geology Hangzhou 310023China Key Laboratory of Carbonate Reservoirs CNPCHangzhou 310023China

Aiming at the scientific problem that only part of dolomite acts as dolomite reservoir,this paper takes the multiple dolomite-bearing formations in the Tarim and Ordos basins,NW China and Sichuan Basin,SW China as the study object,by means of mineral petrological analysis and geochemical methods including carbonate clumped isotope,U-Pb isotopic dating,etc.,to rebuild the dolomitization pathway and evaluate its effects on reservoir formation.On the basis of detailed rock thin section observation,five dolomitic structural components are identified,including original fabric-retained dolomite(microbial and/or micrite structure),buried metasomatic dolomite I(subhedral-euhedral fine,medium and coarse crystalline structure),buried metasomatic dolomite II(allotriomorphic-subhedral fine,medium and coarse crystalline structure),buried precipitation dolomite and coarse crystalline saddle dolomite.Among them,the first three exist in the form of rocks,the latter two occur as dolomite minerals filling in pores and fractures.The corresponding petrological and geochemical identification templates for them are established.Based on the identification of the five dolomitic structural components,six dolomitization pathways for three types of reservoirs(preserved dolomite,reworked dolomite and limestone buried dolomitization)are distinguished.The initial porosity of the original rock before dolomitization and the dolomitization pathway are the main factors controlling the development of dolomite reservoirs.The preserved dolomite and reworked dolomite types have the most favorable dolomitization pathway for reservoir formation,and are large scale and controlled by sedimentary facies in development and distribution,making them the first choices for oil and gas exploration in deep carbonate formations.

关键词： dolomitization dolomitization pathway dolomite reservoir carbonates penecontemporaneous environment burial environment dolomite genesis identification template

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The reservoir characteristics research of Devonian Jinbaoshi Formation,Northwest Sichuan Basin,SW China

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Petroleum 2022年第3期8卷 332-343页

作者： Shixuan Zhang Xiucheng Tan Hao Tang Cheng Huang Zhimin Jin Minglong Li Yuwei Shen State key laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploration Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu610500China Southwest Petroleum University Division of Key Laboratory of Carbonate ReservoirsCNPCChengdu610500China

A great breakthrough was achieved on the Middle Devonian's oil-gas exploration in the Longmenshan area in northwestern Sichuan.However,only the Guanwushan Formation was researched in detail.The underlying formation-Jinbaoshi Formation as a set of the potential well reservoir and its reservoir characteristics have not been discussed.Based on the section's fine description,thin section analysis,and core borehole logging,combined with petrophysical analysis,the reservoir characteristics,controlling factors,and evolution process of the Jinbaoshi Formation reservoir in the Longmenshan area are deeply studied in this paper.The results showed that the Jinbaoshi Formation has developed a set of sand-shale interbedding deposit of terrigenous clastic and carbonate rocks.The reservoir lithology is mainly quartz sandstone and calcareous quartz sandstone.The quartz sandstone reservoir has good physical properties,but the calcareous quartz sandstone has the characteristics of strong heterogeneity,low porosity,and permeability.Residual intergranular pores are mainly developed in the reservoir space.And the development of intercrystalline pores and intergranular dissolved pores can also be seen,but the development frequency is low,and the scale is small.Among them,the Devonian Jinbaoshi Formation quartz sandstone's average porosity is about 8%,and the highest is 18.43%.The main diagenesis types of the Jinbaoshi Formation are compaction,recrystalization,and dissolution.Compaction is the main reason for the destruction of original pores,and dissolution is the main driving force for later porosity and permeability improvement.Rock fragments,calcareous silty clasts,and bioclastic grains are the main dissolution objects.The formation of intergranular dissolved pores significantly improves the physical properties of the reservoir.Therefore,the reservoir development of the Jinbaoshi Formation is mainly controlled both by favourable sedimentary facies and diagenesis.Quartz sandstone and calcareous sandstone of the Jinbaoshi Formation we

关键词： Northwest Sichuan basin Middle Devonian Jinbaoshi Formation Quartz sandstone Calcareous quartz sandstone Diagenesis Reservoir space

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Dolomite genesis and reservoir-cap rock assemblage in carbonate-evaporite paragenesis system

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Petroleum Exploration and Development 2019年第5期46卷 969-982页

作者： HU Anping SHEN Anjiang YANG Hanxuan ZHANG Jie WANG Xin YANG Liu MENG Shaoxing PetroChina Hangzhou Research Institute of Geology(HIPG) Hangzhou 310023China Key Laboratory of Carbonate Reservoirs CNPCHangzhou 310023China

Regarding to the problem on the reservoir-cap rock assemblage evaluation in the carbonate-evaporite paragenesis system,this study examined the dolomite and reservoirs genesis and the characteristics of reservoir-cap rock assemblage.Based on the literature research of the global carbonate reservoirs and the case study on four profiles of carbonate-evaporite succession,together with geological and experimental work,three aspects of understandings are achieved.(1)Lithology of carbonate-evaporite paragenesis system is mainly composed of microbial limestone/bioclastic limestone,microbial dolomite,gypsum dolomite and gypsum salt rock deposited sequentially under the climatic conditions from humid to arid,and vice versa,and an abrupt climate change event would lead to the lack of one or more rock types.(2)There developed two kinds of dolomite(precipitation and metasomatism)and three kinds of reservoirs in the carbonate-evaporite system;and the carbon dioxide and organic acid generated during early microorganism degradation and late microbial dolomite pyrolysis process,and early dolomitization are the main factors affecting the development of microbial dolomite reservoirs with good quality.(3)In theory,there are 14 types of reservoir-cap rock assemblages of six categories in the carbonate-evaporite system,but oil and gas discoveries are mainly in four types of reservoir-cap rock assemblages,namely"microbial limestone/bioclastic limestone–microbial dolomite–gypsum dolomite–gypsum salt rock","microbial limestone/bioclastic limestone–gypsum salt rock","microbial dolomite–gypsum dolomite–gypsum salt rock"and"gypsum dolomite–microbial dolomite–tight carbonate or clastic rock".These four kinds of reservoir-cap rock assemblages should be related with the climate change rules in the geologic history,and have good exploration prospects.

关键词： carbonate-evaporate paragenesis system lithological association sequence microbial dolomite gypsum dolomite reservoir-cap rock assemblage

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Experimental Study on the Treatment of Tertiary Oil Recovery Wastewater via a Novel Electro-Coagulation Method

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Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing 2023年第1期19卷 51-60页

作者： Wei Cui Zhilun Yan Zhi Tang Mengyao Xu Jian Tian Chengyi Shen Petroleum Engineering Technology Research Institute of Sinopec Northwest Oilfield Company Urumchi830011China key laboratory of Enhanced Oil Recovery in carbonate Fractured-Vuggy reservoirs Urumchi830011China

At present,methods for treating tertiary oil recovery wastewater via electro-coagulation are still in their early stage of development.In this study,a device for electro-coagulation wastewater treatment was built and tested in an oil field.The effects that the initial pH value,electrode type,and connection mode have on the coagulation and separation effect were assessed by measuring the mass fraction and turbidity of oil.The results have shown that when the electro-coagulation method is used,the effectiveness of the treatment can be significantly increased in neutral pH conditions(pH=7),in acidic conditions,and in alkaline conditions.Compared to an Al electrode,the floc that is produced by an Fe electrode is smaller;thus,it does not easily coagulate and settle in a short time.Using the oil removal rate,turbidity removal rate and energy consumption as a basis to assess the performances,the results have demonstrated that the combined aluminum alloy iron composite electrode should be used as electrolytic electrode.

关键词： Electrocoagulation oily sewage polymer experiment study

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Origin and Distribution of Grain Dolostone reservoirs in the Cambrian Longwangmiao Formation,Sichuan Basin,China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2017年第1期91卷 204-218页

作者： SHEN Anjiang HU Anping PAN Liyin SHE Min Petrochina Hangzhou Research Institute of Geology Hangzhou 310023 Zhejiang China Key Laboratory of Carbonate Reservoirs CNPC Hangzhou 310023 Zhejiang China

Dolostones in the Cambrian Longwangmiao Formation have become one of the most significant gas exploration domains in China. Over a trillion cubic meters of gas reservoirs have been discovered in the Gaoshiti-Moxi area; however, the origins and distribution of the dolostone reservoirs are not well understood. This work discussed the geology and geochemistry of the dolostone reservoirs in the Longwangmiao Formation to determine their origin and distribution. Two understandings are acquired： firstly, a carbonate ramp provided excellent conditions for grain beach deposition, while the presence of a hypersaline lake was favorable for the contemporaneous dolomitization of grain beach deposits. Petrographic and geochemical evidence further confirm that the Longwangmiao dolostone was formed during the contemporaneous stage. Secondly, the reservoir characteristics indicate that the grain beach sediments provide material basis for the development of the Longwangmiao dolostone reservoirs. Reservoir dissolution simulation experiments show that the porosity of the reservoirs was formed by dissolution during contemporaneous and burial stages. The dissolution pores formed during the contemporaneous stage were controlled by sequence interfaces. The large scale dissolution vugs formed during the burial stage subsequently spread along the pre-existing porosity and fracture zones. This study therefore identified that the development of grain dolostone reservoirs in a shallow water ramp under arid climatic conditions generally met the following conditions：（1） reefal beach deposits lay a foundation for reservoir development;（2） superficial conditions are an important determining factor for reservoir porosity; and（3） burial conditions provide environment for porosity preservation and modification.

关键词： Sichuan Basin Longwangmiao Formation grain dolostone meteoric dissolution buried dissolution origin of reservoir distribution of reservoir

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Application of mapping and dating techniques in the study of ancient carbonate reservoirs: A case study of Sinian Qigebrak Formation in northwestern Tarim Basin, NW China

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Petroleum Exploration and Development 2020年第5期47卷 1001-1013页

作者： YANG Hanxuan HU Anping ZHENG Jianfeng LIANG Feng LUO Xianying FENG Yuexing SHEN Anjiang PetroChina Hangzhou Research Institute of Geology(HIPG) Hangzhou 310023China Key Laboratory of Carbonate Reservoirs CNPCHangzhou 310023China Radiogenic Isotope Facility School of Earth and Environmental SciencesThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD 4072Australia

Ancient marine carbonates experienced complex modifications,making it difficult to identify reservoir genesis and effective porosity before hydrocarbon migration.To solve these issues,we used element mapping and carbonate mineral laser U-Pb radiometric dating techniques to study the diagenetic environments based on geochemistry and diagenesis-porosity evolution based on geochronology of the dolomite reservoir of the Sinian Qigebrak Formation,northwest Tarim Basin.Two major understandings were obtained as follows:(1)Supported by petrographic observations,the element mapping,stable isotopes,strontium isotope,and cathodoluminescence tests were performed on different phases of dolomite cements precipitated in vugs and dissolved fissures.The results show that the dolomite reservoirs of the Qigebrak Formation went through freshwater,marine,extremely shallow burial,burial and hydrothermal diagenetic environments after synsedimentary dolomitization;the reservoir spaces were mainly formed in the synsedimentary period(primary pores)and freshwater environment(supergene dissolution pores)before burial;whereas the marine,burial and hydrothermal environments caused the gradual filling of reservoir space by dolomite cements.(2)Based on the above understandings,each phase of dolomite cement precipitated in the reservoir space was dated by the U-Pb radiometric dating technique,and the diagenesis-porosity evolution curves constrained by geochronology were established.The loss of reservoir porosity mainly occurred in the early Caledonian,and during the peak period of hydrocarbon generation of Yuertusi Formation source rock,the reservoirs still maintained at a porosity of 6%?10%.The above understandings provide a certain basis for the evaluation of accumulation effectiveness of the Sinian Qigebrak Formation,northwestern Tarim Basin,and provide a case for the application of mapping and dating techniques in the study of ancient carbonate reservoirs.

关键词： U-Pb dating mapping Sinian Qigebrak Formation northwestern Tarim Basin diagenetic environment diagenesis-porosity evolution

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Dolomitization of the Ordovician subsalt Majiagou Formation in the central Ordos Basin,China:fluid origins and dolomites evolution

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Petroleum Science 2021年第2期18卷 362-379页

作者： Ying Xiong Li-Chao Wang Xiu-Cheng Tan Yun Liu Ming-Jie Liu Zhan-Feng Qiao State key laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu610500SichuanChina Division of Key Laboratory of Carbonate Reservoirs CNPCSouthwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu610500SichuanChina Institute of Subsurface Energy Systems Clausthal University of Technology38678Clausthal-ZellerfeldGermany Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development PetroChina Southwest Oil and Gas Field CompanyChengdu610000SichuanChina key laboratory of carbonate Reservoir CNPCHangzhou310023ZhejiangChina

The Middle Ordovician subsalt Majiagou Formation in the Ordos Basin comprises pervasively dolomitized shallow marine limestone and is a major reservoir rich in natural gas resources.Four types of dolomite matrix and cement were identified based on petrographic textures:(very)finely crystalline,non-planar to planar-s matrix dolomite(Md1);finely to medium crystalline,planar-s to planar-e matrix dolomite(Md2);microbialites comprising dolomite microcrystals(Md3);and finely to coarsely crystalline dolomite cement(Cd).The Md1 and Md2 dolomites were controlled by alternating lagoon-shoal facies and haveδ13C values(−1.89 to+1.45‰VPDB for Md1,−1.35 to+0.42‰VPDB for Md2)that fall within or are slightly higher than the coeval seawater,suggesting the dolomitizing fluid of evaporated seawater.Md2 dolomite was then subjected to penecontemporaneous karstification by meteoric water and burial recrystallization by sealed brines during diagenesis,as indicated by its relatively lowerδ18O values(−8.89 to−5.73‰VPDB)and higher 87Sr/86Sr ratios(0.708920–0.710199).Md3 dolomite comprises thrombolite and stromatolite and is interpreted to form by a combination of initial microbial mediation and later replacive dolomitization related to evaporated seawater.Cd dolomite was associated with early-formed karst system in the Md2 host dolomite.The lowestδ18O values(−11.78 to−10.18‰VPDB)and 87Sr/86Sr ratios(0.708688–0.708725)and fluid inclusion data(Th:123–175°C)indicate involvement of hydrothermal fluid from which the Cd dolomite precipitated during deep burial.These results reveal the multi-stage dolomitization history of the Majiagou Formation and provide new constraints on fluid origins and dolomites evolution during deep burial in old superimposed basins,such as the Ordos Basin and elsewhere.

关键词： Dolomitization Fluid origin Dolomite reservoir Hydrothermal alteration Ordos Basin

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Sequence-lithofacies paleogeographic characteristics and petroleum geological significance of Lower Permian Qixia Stage in Sichuan Basin and its adjacent areas,SW China

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Petroleum Exploration and Development 2022年第6期49卷 1295-1309页

作者： LI Minglong TAN Xiucheng YANG Yu NI Hualing LUO Bing WEN Long ZHANG Benjian XIAO Di XU Qiang CNPC Key Laboratory of Carbonate Reservoirs Southwest Petroleum University DivisionChengdu 610500China Sichuan Province key laboratory of Natural Gas Geology Chengdu 610500China State key laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploration Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu 610500China PetroChina Southwest Oil and Gas Field Company Chengdu 610000China Southwest Geophysical Research Institute BGPCNPCChengdu 610213China

Through the analysis of logging,field outcrops,cores and geochemical data,and based on the study of the relationships between sea level changes,sequence filling,paleo-geomorphy and lithofacies,the sequence lithofacies paleo-geography and evolution process of the Lower Permian Liangshan-Qixia Formation(Qixia Stage for short)in Sichuan Basin and its surrounding areas are restored.The Qixia Stage can be divided into three third-order sequences,in which SQ0,SQ1 and SQ2 are developed in the depression area,and SQ1 and SQ2 are only developed in other areas.The paleo-geomorphy reflected by the thickness of each sequence indicates that before the deposition of the Qixia Stage in the Early Permian,the areas surrounding the Sichuan Basin are characterized by“four uplifts and four depressions”,namely,four paleo-uplifts/paleo-lands of Kangdian,Hannan,Shennongjia and Xuefeng Mountain,and four depressions of Chengdu-Mianyang,Kangdian front,Jiangkou and Yichang;while the interior of the basin is characterized by“secondary uplifts,secondary depressions and alternating convex-concave”.SQ2 is the main shoal forming period of the Qixia Formation,and the high-energy mound shoal facies mainly developed in the highs of sedimentary paleo-geomorphy and the relative slope break zones.The distribution of dolomitic reservoirs(dolomite,limy dolomite and dolomitic limestone)has a good correlation with the sedimentary geomorphic highs and slope break zones.The favorable mound-shoal and dolomitic reservoirs are distributed around depressions at platform-margin and along highs and around sags in the basin.It is pointed out that the platform-margin area in western Sichuan Basin is still the key area for exploration at present;while areas around Chengdu-Mianyang depression and Guangwang secondary depression inside the platform and areas around sags in central Sichuan-southern Sichuan are favorable exploration areas for dolomitic reservoirs of the Qixia Formation in the next step.

关键词： Sichuan Basin Lower Permian Qixia Stage sequence stratigraphy three-order sequence mound-shoal complex carbonate platform reservoir lithofacies paleogeography

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Sequence sedimentary evolution and reservoir distribution in the third and fourth members of Sinian Dengying Formation,Gaomo area,Sichuan Basin,SW China

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Petroleum Exploration and Development 2022年第5期49卷 1004-1018页

作者： TAN Lei LIU Hong CHEN Kang NI Hualing ZHOU Gang ZHANG Xuan YAN Wei ZHONG Yuan LYU Wenzheng TAN Xiucheng ZHANG Kun State key laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploration Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu 610500China Sichuan Natural Gas Geology key laboratory Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu 610500China CNPC Key Laboratory of Carbonate Reservoirs Southwest Petroleum University Division Chengdu 610500China Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development PetroChina Southwest Oilfield CompanyChengdu 610041China Southwest Geophysical Research Institute BGPCNPCChengdu 610213China

Based on comprehensive analysis of cores,thin sections,logging and seismic data,the sequence stratigraphy and sedimentary evolution of the third and fourth members of Sinian Dengying Formation(Deng 3 and Deng 4 members for short)in the Gaomo area of Sichuan Basin were investigated,and the favorable zones for reservoir development in the Deng 3 Member and Deng 4 Member were predicted.(1)Two Type I and one Type II sequence boundaries are identified in the Deng 3 and Deng 4 members.Based on the identified sequence boundaries,the Deng 3 and Deng 4 members can be divided into two third order sequences SQ3 and SQ4,which are well-developed,isochronal and traceable in this area;the SQ3 thins from west to the east,and the SQ4 thins from northwest to southeast.(2)The sedimentary environment from the depositional period of SQ3 to SQ4 has experienced the evolution from mixed platform to rimmed platform,and the platform rimmed system on the west side is characterized by the development of platform margin microbial mound and grain shoal assemblages.The intraplatform area is a restricted platform facies composed of a variety of dolomites,and there are local micro-geomorphic highlands of different scales and scattered intraplatform mounds and shoals.(3)The Deng 4 Member reservoirs,with obvious facies-controlled characteristic,are mainly distributed in the upper part of high-frequency upward shallow cycle and the high-stand systems tract of the third-order sequence vertically,and are more developed in the platform margin belt than in the intraplatform belt,and more developed in the Gaoshiti platform margin belt than in the west Suining platform margin belt on the plane.(4)Three types of favorable reservoir zones of Deng 4 Member have been finely delineated with 3D seismic data;among them,the mound and shoal facies zones developed in the ancient highlands of the intraplatform are the first choice for the next exploration and development of the Deng 4 Member.

关键词： Sinian Dengying Formation rimmed platform sequence stratigraphy sedimentary evolution reservoir favorable exploration zone Gaomo area Sichuan Basin

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Genesis and characteristics of the dolomite reservoirs in Middle Devonian Guanwushan Formation, Northwest Sichuan Basin, SW China

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Petroleum 2020年第2期6卷 138-148页

作者： Ya Zhang Bing Luo Cong Chen Minglong Li Zhimin Jin Shixuan Zhang Yuwei Shen Research Institute of Exploration and Development PetroChina Southwest Oil and Gas Field CompanyChengdu610051China State key laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploration Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu610500China Southwest Petroleum University Division of Key Laboratory of Carbonate ReservoirsCNPCChengdu610500China

A great breakthrough has been made on oil-gas exploration of the Middle Devonian Guanwushan Formation in Northwest Sichuan Basin.The further exploration shows that the dolomite reservoir is complicated with insufficient investigation.Taking the Middle Devonian Guanwushan Formation as an example,systematic study has been carried out on its reservoir character,mechanism and genesis of dolostone.The field and core data suggest that reservoir types of Guanwushan Formation consist of crystalline dolomite,breccia dolomite and reef dolomite,and reservoir space is characterized by intercrystal(dissolution)pores,residual pores among breccias,intragranular dissolution pores,pockets as well as fractures.Besides,pore structure is of good configuration,showing medium-low porosity and moderate permeability,with average porosity and permeability of 2.23%and 0.44mD respectively,which suggesting fracture-pore and fracture-cavity reservoir.Combined with the previous research,it is suggested that the reservoir of Guanwushan Formation was controlled by facies,dolomitization and two-step karstification,with reef-shoal facies being material base for reservoir development,early dolomitization being key factor for reservoir space preservation,polyphase karstification being foundation for reservoir development and tectogenesis finally finalizing the reservoir.

关键词： Northwest Sichuan Basin Middle Devonian Guanwushan Formation Dolomitization Genesis of reservoirs

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