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Journal of Meteorological Research 2017年第5期31卷 890-905页

作者： Rui WANG Yunfei FU School of Earth and Space sciences University of Science and Technology of China State key laboratory of Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences key laboratory of atmospheric sciences and satellite remote sensing of anhui province Anhui Institute of Meteorological Sciences

In this study, a merged dataset constructed from Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission precipitation radar rain products and Integrated Global Radiosonde Archive data is used to investigate the thermal structural characteristics of convective and stratiform precipitation in the rainy season （May-August） of 1998-2012 over East Asia. The res- ults show that the storm tops for convective precipitation are higher than those for stratiform precipitation, because of the more unstable atmospheric motions for convective precipitation. Moreover, the storm tops are higher at 1200 UTC than at 0000 UTC over land regions for both convective and stratiform precipitation, and vice versa for ocean region. Additionally, temperature anomaly patterns inside convective and stratiform precipitating clouds show a neg- ative anomaly of about 0-2 K, which results in cooling effects in the lower troposphere. This cooling is more obvi- ous at 1200 UTC for stratiform precipitation. The positive anomaly that appears in the middle troposphere is more than 2 K, with the strongest warming at 300 hPa. Relative humidity anomaly patterns show a positive anomaly in the middle troposphere （700-500 hPa） prior to the occurrence of the two types of precipitation, and the increase in mois- ture is evident for stratiform precipitation.

关键词： vertical structure of precipitation atmospheric stability temperature anomaly relative humidity anomaly

Precipitation Chemistry and Corresponding Transport Patterns of Influencing Air Masses at Huangshan Mountain in East China

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Advances in atmospheric sciences 2014年第5期31卷 1157-1166页

作者： SHI ChunE DENG Xueliang YANG Yuanjian HUANG Xiangrong WU Biwen anhui Institute of Meteorological sciences Key Laboratory for Atmospheric Sciences and Remote Sensing of Anhui Province State key laboratory of atmospheric Boundary Physics and atmospheric Chemistry Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences key laboratory of atmospheric Composition and Optical Radiation Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine MechanicsChinese Academy of Sciences

One hundred and ten samples of rainwater were collected for chemical analysis at the summit of Huangshan Mountain, a high-altitude site in East China, from July 2010 to June 2011. The volume-weighted-mean （VWM） pH for the whole sampling period was 5.03. SO2- and Ca2＋ were the most abundant anion and cation, respectively. The ionic concentrations varied monthly with the highest concentrations in winter/spring and the lowest in summer. Evident inter-correlations were found among most ions, indicating the common sources for some species and fully mixing characteristics of the alpine precipitation chemistry. The VWM ratio of [SO]-]/[NO3] was 2.54, suggesting the acidity of rainwater comes from both nitric and sulfuric acids. Compared with contemporary observations at other alpine continental sites in China, the precipitation at Huangshan Mountain was the least polluted, with the lowest ionic concentrations. Trajectories to Huangshan Mountain on rainy days could be classified into six groups. The rainwater with influencing air masses originating in Mongolia was the most polluted with limited effect. The emissions of Jiangxi, anhui, Zhejiang and Jiangsu provinces had a strong influence on the overall rain chemistry at Huangshan Mountain. The rainwater with influencing air masses from Inner Mongolia was heavily polluted by anthropogenic pollutants.

关键词： precipitation chemistry air mass inter-relationship transport pattern Huangshan Mountain East China

Influence of urbanization on the thermal environment of meteorological station:satellite-observed evidence

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2015年第1期6卷 7-15页

作者： SHI Tao HUANG Yong WANG Hong SHI Chun-E YANG Yuan-Jian key laboratory of atmospheric sciences and satellite remote sensing of anhui province Anhui Institute of Meteorological Sciences Wuhu Meteorological Bureau Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology

In this paper, five national meteorological stations in anhui province are taken as typical examples to explore the effects of local urbanization on their thermal environment by using Landsat data from 1990 to 2010. satellite-based land use/land cover(LULC), land surface temperature(LST), normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI) are used to investigate the effects. The study shows that LULC around meteorological stations changed significantly due to urban expansion. Fast urbanization is the main factor that affects the spatial-temporal distribution of thermal environment around meteorological stations. Moreover, the normalized LST and NDVI exhibit strong inverse correlations around meteorological stations, so the variability of LST can be monitored through evaluating the variability of NDVI. In addition, station-relocation plays an important role in improving representativeness of thermal environment. Notably, the environment representativeness was improved, but when using the data from the station to study climate change, the relocation-induced inhomogeneous data should be considered and adjusted. Consequently,controlling the scale and layout of the urban buildings and constructions around meteorological stations is an effective method to ameliorate observational thermal environment and to improve regional representativeness of station observation. The present work provides observational evidences that high resolution Landsat images can be used to evaluate the thermal environment of meteorological stations.

关键词： Urbanization Thermal environment Representativeness Land surface temperature Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI)

Tropospheric NO_2 Columns over Northeastern North America: Comparison of CMAQ Model Simulations with GOME satellite Measurements

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Advances in atmospheric sciences 2008年第1期25卷 59-71页

作者：石春娥张宝宁 anhui Institute of Meteorological sciences Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Science and Satellite Remote Sensing Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Hebei University of Science and Technology

We present comparisons of the NO2 regional Chemical Transport Model （CTM） simulations over North-eastern North America during the time period from May to September, 1998 with hourly surface NO2 observations and the NO2 columns retrieved from the GOME （Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment） satellite instrument. The model calculations were performed using the Mesoscale Meteorological Model 5 （MM5）, Sparse Matrix Operator Kernal Emissions （SMOKE）, and Community Multiscale Air Quality （CMAQ） modeling systems, using the emission data from the National Emissions Inventory （NEI） databases of 1996 （U.S.） and 1995 （Canada）. The major objectives were to assess the performance of the CMAQ model and the accuracy of the emissions inventories as they affected the simulations of this important short-lived atmospheric species. The modeled （NcMAQ） and measured （NGOME） NO2 column amounts, as well as their temporal variations, agreed reasonably well. The absolute differences （NcMAQ-NGOME） across the domain were between ±3.0×10^15 molecules cm^-2, but they were less than ±1.0×10^15 molecules cm^-2 over the majority （80%） of the domain studied. The overall correlation coefficient between the measurements and the simulations was 0.75. The differences were mainly ascribed to a combination of inaccurate emission data for the CTM and the uncertainties in the GOME retrievals. Of these, the former were the more easily identifiable.

关键词： GOME Models-3/CMAQ NO2 troposphere column content

The most typical shape of oceanic mesoscale eddies from global satellite sea level observations

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2015年第2期9卷 202-208页

作者： Zifei WANG Qiuyang LI Liang SUN Song LI Yuanjian YANG Shanshan LIU key laboratory of the atmospheric Composition and Optical Radiation CAS School of Earth and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China State key laboratory of satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics Second Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration HangZhou 310012 China key laboratory of atmospheric sciences and satellite remote sensing of anhui province Anhui Institute of Meteorological Sciences Hefei 230031 China

In this research, we normalized the character- istics of ocean eddies by using satellite observation of the Sea Level Anomaly （SLA） data to determine the most typical shape of ocean eddies. This normalization is based on modified analytic functions with nonlinear optimal fitting. The most typical eddy is the Taylor vortex （~50%）, which exhibits a Gaussian-shaped exp（-r2） SLA and a vorticity distribution of （1-rZ）exp（-r2） as a function of the normalized radii r. The larger the amplitude of the eddy, the more likely the eddy is to be Gaussian-shaped. Furthermore, approximately 40% of ocean eddies are combinations of two Gaussian eddies with different parameters, but the composition of these types of eddies is more like a quadratic eddy than a Gaussian one. Only a small portion of oceanic eddies are pure quadratic eddies （〈 10%） with the same vorticity distribution as a Rankine vortex. We concluded that the Taylor vortex is a good approximation of the typical shape of ocean eddies.

关键词： sea level anomaly ocean eddies Taylorvortex typical shape

Squall Line and Its Vertical Motion Under Different Moisture Profiles in Eastern China

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Journal of Tropical Meteorology 2020年第3期26卷 321-335页

作者： ZHENG Lin-lin SUN Jian-hua ZHANG Jiao QIU Xue-xing YAO Chen anhui Meteorological Observatory Hefei 230031 China anhui Institute of Meteorological sciences Hefei 230031 China anhui province key laboratory of atmospheric Science and satellite remote sensing Hefei 230031 China Institute of atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029 China University of Chinese Academy of sciences Beijing 100049 China

The impacts of different moisture profiles on the structure and vertical motion of squall lines were investigated by conducting a set of numerical *** base state was determined by an observational sounding,with high precipitable water representing moist environmental conditions in the East Asian monsoon *** reveal the impact of moisture at different levels,the moisture content at the middle and low levels were changed in the numerical *** numerical results showed that more convective cells developed and covered a larger area in the high moisture experiments,which was characteristic of the convection during the Meiyu season in *** addition,high moisture content at low levels favored the development of updrafts and triggered convection of greater *** was demonstrated by the thermodynamic parameters,including Convective Available Potential Energy(CAPE),Lifted Index(LI),Lift Condensation Level(LCL),and Level of Free Convection(LFC).Dry air at middle levels led to strong downdrafts in the environment and updrafts in *** could be because dry air at middle levels favors the release of latent heat,thereby promoting updrafts in clouds and downdrafts in the ***,high relative humidity(RH)at low levels and low RH at middle levels favors updrafts in the cloud ***,moist air at low levels and dry air at middle levels promotes the development of convective cells and the intensification of cold *** squall line can be organized by the outflow boundary induced by cold *** balance of cold pool and environmental wind shear is favorable for the maintenance and strengthening of squall lines.

关键词： squall line numerical simulation precipitable water downdraft latent heat cold pool

A Strategy for Merging Objective Estimates of Global Daily Precipitation from Gauge Observations, satellite Estimates, and Numerical Predictions

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Advances in atmospheric sciences 2016年第7期33卷 889-904页

作者： Suping NIE Tongwen WU Yong LUO Xueliang DENG Xueli SHI Zaizhi WANG Xiangwen LIU Jianbin HUANG National Climate Center China Meteorological Administration Center for Earth System Science Tsinghua University key laboratory of atmospheric Science and satellite remote sensing Anhui Institute of Meteorology

This paper describes a strategy for merging daily precipitation information from gauge observations, satellite estimates （SEs）, and numerical predictions at the global scale. The strategy is designed to remove systemic bias and random error from each individual daily precipitation source to produce a better gridded global daily precipitation product through three steps. First, a cumulative distribution function matching procedure is performed to remove systemic bias over gauge-located land areas. Then, the overall biases in SEs and model predictions （MPs） over ocean areas are corrected using a rescaled strategy based on monthly precipitation. Third, an optimal interpolation （OI）-based merging scheme （referred as the HL-OI scheme） is used to combine unbiased gahge observations, SEs, and MPs to reduce random error from each source and to produce a gauge--satellite-model merged daily precipitation analysis, called BMEP-d （Beijing Climate Center Merged Estimation of Precipitation with daily resolution）, with complete global coverage. The BMEP-d data from a four-year period （2011- 14） demonstrate the ability of the merging strategy to provide global daily precipitation of substantially improved quality. Benefiting from the advantages of the HL-OI scheme for quantitative error estimates, the better source data can obtain more weights during the merging processes. The BMEP-d data exhibit higher consistency with satellite and gauge source data at middle and low latitudes, and with model source data at high latitudes. Overall, independent validations against GPCP-1DD （GPCP one-degree daily） show that the consistencies between B MEP-d and GPCP-1DD are higher than those of each source dataset in terms of spatial pattern, temporal variability, probability distribution, and statistical precipitation events.

关键词： global daily precipitation multi-source merging strategy bias correction quantitative error estimation

Grid-cell Aerosol Direct Shortwave Radiative Forcing Calculated Using the SBDART Model with MODIS and AERONET Observations：An Application in Winter and Summer in Eastern China

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Advances in atmospheric sciences 2017年第8期34卷 952-964页

作者： Yunfei FU Jiachen ZHU Yuanjian YANG Renmin YUAN Guosheng LIU Tao XIAN Peng LIU School of Earth and Space sciences University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China key laboratory of atmospheric sciences and satellite remote sensing of anhui province Anhui Institute of Meteorological Sciences Hefei 230031 China anhui Academy for Environmental Science Research Hefei 230071 China Department of Earth Ocean and Atmospheric Science Florida State University Tallahassee Florida FL 32306-4520 USA

Taking winter and summer in eastern China as an example application, a grid-cell method of aerosol direct radiative forcing（ADRF） calculation is examined using the Santa Barbara DISORT atmospheric Radiative Transfer（SBDART） model with inputs from MODIS and AERONET observations and reanalysis data. Results show that there are significant seasonal and regional differences in climatological mean aerosol optical parameters and ADRF. Higher aerosol optical depth（AOD）occurs in summer and two prominent high aerosol loading centers are observed. Higher single scattering albedo（SSA） in summer is likely associated with the weak absorbing secondary aerosols. SSA is higher in North China during summer but higher in South China during winter. Aerosols induce negative forcing at the top of the atmosphere（TOA） and surface during both winter and summer, which may be responsible for the decrease in temperature and the increase in relative *** of ADRF at the surface are four times stronger than those at the TOA. Both AOD and ADRF present strong interannual variations; however, their amplitudes are larger in summer. Moreover, patterns and trends of ADRF do not always correspond well to those of AOD. Differences in the spatial distributions of ADRF between strong and weak monsoon years are captured effectively. Generally, the present results justify that to calculate grid-cell ADRF at a large scale using the SBDART model with observational aerosol optical properties and reanalysis data is an effective approach.

关键词： aerosol direct radiative forcing AERONET MODIS SBDART model

Characteristics of atmospheric boundary layer structure and its influencing factors under different sea and land positions in Europe

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2023年第2期7卷 257-268页

作者： YeHui Zhang XinPeng Yong HouFu Zhou HaiYang Gao Na Yang key laboratory of Hydrometeorological Disaster Mechanism and Warning of Ministry of Water Resources Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China anhui Institute of Meteorology sciences Anhui Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Science and Satellite Remote SensingHefei 230031China School of atmospheric Physics Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China

This study identifies quantitatively the dominant contributions of meteorological factors on the development of the boundary layer heights(BLH)in the European region,based on 32 years(1990-2021)of radiosonde *** spatial variability of the BLH is further discussed by location,by classifying recording stations as inland,coastal,or *** find that the BLH in Europe varies considerably from day to night and with the *** BLH is higher in winter and lower in summer,with the highest BLH recorded at coastal *** BLH at coastal stations shows a bimodal structure with peaks in spring and autumn;at inland and bay stations,daytime BLH is lower in winter and higher in *** daily amplitudes of BLH at the inland and bay stations are stronger than those at coastal *** on our multiple linear regression analysis and our decoupling analysis of temperature and specific humidity,we report that the development of the nighttime BLH at all types of stations is strongly dominated by the variations of surface wind speed(and,at coastal stations,wind directions).The main contributors to daytime BLH are the near-surface temperature variability at most coastal and inland stations,and,at most bay stations,the variation of the near-surface specific humidity.

关键词： atmospheric boundary layer height wind surface temperature specific humidity decoupling

Major Scientific Achievements of the First China–Japan Cooperative GAME/HUBEX Experiment: A Historical Review

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2020年第4期34卷 659-674页

作者： Yihui DING Wen HU Yong HUANG Fengjiao CHEN National Climate Center China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081 key laboratory of atmospheric sciences and satellite remote sensing of anhui province Anhui Meteorological BureauHefei 230031 Shouxian National Climatology Observatory Huaihe River Basin Typical Agro-Ecosystems Meteorology Field Experiment Station of China Meteorological AdministrationShouxian 232200

In the summers of 1998 and 1999, Chinese and Japanese scientists cooperatively conducted the first large-scale energy and water cycle experiment(WCRP/GEWEX/GAME/HUBEX: World Climate Research Program/Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment/Asian Monsoon Experiment/Huaihe River Basin Energy and Water Cycle Experiment) in the Huaihe River basin, anhui province of China. The main objective of this field experiment(HUBEX)was to investigate the multiple-scale structure characteristics, life cycles, and genesis and development mechanisms of the Meiyu system in East Asia as well as the cause of related flooding disasters. It was a joint China-Japan cooperative meteorological and hydrological observation experiment. On the basis of intensive observations, scientists from the two countries conducted follow-up investigations through collating and compiling data and performing scientific analysis during the following five years. It can be concluded that the HUBEX project has yielded comprehensive and remarkable achievements. This paper introduces the major scientific results derived from this field experiment and the ensuing investigations, and reassesses their merits and shortages for the purpose of providing useful experience and proposing new research targets as well as prospects for the initiation of a new joint scientific Meiyu experiment in the middle and lower Yangtze River basin.

关键词： Meiyu Huaihe River basin energy and water cycle meteorological and hydrological observations Huaihe River Basin Energy and Water Cycle Experiment(HUBEX)/Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment(GEWEX)/Asian Monsoon Experiment(GAME)