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Biochar application significantly increases soil organic carbon under conservation tillage:an 11-year field experiment

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Biochar 2023年第1期5卷 492-505页

作者： Xinyu Ding Guitong Li Xiaorong Zhao Qimei Lin Xiang Wang key laboratory of arable land conservation(north china) College of Land Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China

Biochar application and conservation tillage are significant for long-term organic carbon(OC)sequestration in soil and enhancing crop yields,however,their effects on native soil organic carbon(native SOC)without biochar carbon sequestration in situ remain largely ***,an 11-year field experiment was carried out to examine different biochar application rates(0,30,60,and 90 Mg ha^(−1))on native SOC pools(native labile SOC pool I and II,and native recalcitrant SOC)and microbial activities in calcareous soil across an entire winter wheat-maize *** proportions of C_(3) and C_(4)-derived native SOC mineralization were quantified using soil basal respiration(SBR)combined with 13C natural isotope abundance *** results showed that 39-51%of the biochar remained in the top 30 cm after 11 *** application rates significantly increased native SOC and native recalcitrant SOC contents but decreased the proportion of native labile SOC[native labile SOC pool I and II,dissolved organic carbon(DOC),and microbial biomass carbon(MBC)].Biochar application tended to increase the indicators of microbial activities associated with SOC degradation,such as SBR,fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis activity,and metabolic quotient(qCO_(2)).Meanwhile,higher biochar application rates(B60 and B90)significantly increased the C_(4)-derived CO_(2) proportion of the SBR and enhanced C_(4)-derived native SOC *** effect of the biochar application rate on the content and proportion of native SOC fractions occurred in the 0-15 cm layer,however,there were no significant differences at 15-30 *** depth also significantly increased native labile SOC pool Ⅰ and Ⅱ contents and decreased qCO_(2).In conclusion,the biochar application rate significantly increased native SOC accumulation in calcareous soil by enhancing the proportion of native recalcitrant SOC,and biochar application and soil depth collectively influenced the seasonal turnover of native SOC fract

关键词： Biochar Long-term field experiments Soil organic carbon Organic carbon components conservation tillage ^(13)C natural isotope

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Effects of transport distance and flow discharge of overland flow on destruction of Ultisol aggregates

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Particuology 2012年第5期10卷 607-613页

作者： Junguang Wang Zhaoxia Li Chongfa Cai Wei Yang key laboratory of arable land conservation(Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River) Ministry of AgricultureHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070China

The destruction of soil aggregates upon transport by overland flow may produce a significant effect on sediment transport capacity and general intensity of erosion. The particle size distribution of destructed soil aggregates has a close relation to the surface runoff and permeability of soils. The objective of this study is to quantify the effects of transport distance and flow discharge of overland flow on the destruction of aggregates of Ultisols in a 3.8 m long flume with a fixed bed. A series of experiments were carried out at a slope of 17.6%, including six transport distances （9-108 m） and eight discharges （0.4-1.2 L/s）. The results indicate that （1） the extent of the destruction of aggregates became weaker with the decrease in size over the same transport distances or at the same discharges; （2） the aggregates derived from Shale were rapidly abraded and had more serious destruction as compared to the aggregates from Quaternary red clay during the transport process, which was relevant to the stability difference of the two parent materials：（3） two stages of aggregate breakdown could be identified in terms of the coefficient c~ during transport, that is, the aggregates were rapidly abraded and became round and were predominantly broken down into smaller fragments at the first stage, while the smaller fragments and the round aggregates were weakly abraded with reduction in weight and their shape became regular; and （4） the extent of the destruction decreased with increasing discharge, which was due to the changes in the hydraulic properties （flow depth and friction factor） and in movement modes during the transport process. The analysis of the characteristics on aggregate destruction by overland flow can contribute to the development of soil erosion models.

关键词： Aggregate stabilityDestructionTransport distanceDischarge

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Spatial Interpolation of Soil Texture Using Compositional Kriging and Regression Kriging with Consideration of the Characteristics of Compositional Data and Environment Variables

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2013年第9期12卷 1673-1683页

作者： ZHANG Shi-wen SHEN Chong-yang CHEN Xiao-yang YE Hui-chun HUANG Yuan-fang LAI Shuang china Agricultural University/key laboratory of arable land conservation (north china) Minstry of Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Land Quality MonitoringMinistry of Land and Resources School of Earth and Environment Anhui University of Science and Technology Afforestation Management Office Sichuan Forestry Department

The spatial interpolation for soil texture does not necessarily satisfy the constant sum and nonnegativity constraints. Meanwhile, although numeric and categorical variables have been used as auxiliary variables to improve prediction accuracy of soil attributes such as soil organic matter, they （especially the categorical variables） are rarely used in spatial prediction of soil texture. The objective of our study was to comparing the performance of the methods for spatial prediction of soil texture with consideration of the characteristics of compositional data and auxiliary variables. These methods include the ordinary kriging with the symmetry logratio transform, regression kriging with the symmetry logratio transform, and compositional kriging （CK） approaches. The root mean squared error （RMSE）, the relative improvement value of RMSE and Aitchison＇s distance （DA） were all utilized to assess the accuracy of prediction and the mean squared deviation ratio was used to evaluate the goodness of fit of the theoretical estimate of error. The results showed that the prediction methods utilized in this paper could enable interpolation results of soil texture to satisfy the constant sum and nonnegativity constraints. Prediction accuracy and model fitting effect of the CK approach were better, suggesting that the CK method was more appropriate for predicting soil texture. The CK method is directly interpolated on soil texture, which ensures that it is optimal unbiased estimator. If the environment variables are appropriately selected as auxiliary variables, spatial variability of soil texture can be predicted reasonably and accordingly the predicted results will be satisfied.

关键词： compositional kriging auxiliary variables regression kriging symmetry logratio transform

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Shrinkage Characteristics of Lime Concretion Black Soil as Affected by Biochar Amendment

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Pedosphere 2018年第5期28卷 713-725页

作者： WEI Cuilan GAO Weida William Richard WHALLEY LI Baoguo key laboratory of arable land conservation (north china) Ministry of Agriculture key laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions Ministry of Education College of Resources and Environmental Sciences China Agriculture University Rothamsted Research West Common

Studies have reported that biochar is a sustainable amendment that improves the chemical and physical properties of *** this study,an incubation experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different application rates of biochar on the cracking pattern and shrinkage characteristics of lime concretion black soil after three wetting and drying *** derived from the corn straw and peanut shell mixture was applied to the soil at rates of 0,50,100,and 150 g kg^(-1)dry weight,representing the treatments T_(0),T_(50),T_(100),and T_(150),*** the wetting and drying cycles,the cracking pattern and shrinkage characteristics of the unamended and amended soil samples were *** of biochar significantly increased soil organic carbon content in the *** soil desiccation,biochar significantly reduced the rate of water *** propagated slowly and stopped due to the relatively higher water content in the soil applied with *** cracking area density(ρ_c),equivalent width,fractal dimension,and cracking connectivity index decreased during the drying process with increasing application rate of ***ρ_(c )value of the T_(50),T_(100),and T_(150) treatments decreased by 33.6%,52.1%,and 56.9%,respectively,after three wetting and drying cycles,whereas the T_(0) treatment exhibited a marginal *** coefficient of linear extensibility,an index used to describe onedimentional shrinkage,of the unamended soil sample(T_(0))was approximately *** of 100 and 150 g kg^(-1)biochar to the soil significantly reduced the shrinkage capacity by 41.45%and 45.54%,*** slope of the shrinkage characteristics curve,which indicates the ralationship between soil void ratio and moisture ratio,decreased with increase in the application rate of ***,compared with the T_(0) treatment,the proportional shrinkage zone of the shrinkage characteristic curve of the T_(50),T_(100),and T_(150) treatm

关键词： coefficient of linear extensibility soil cracking pattern soil moisture ratio soil shrinkage characteristic curve soilstructure soil void ratio wetting and drying cycles

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Restoration technologies of damaged paddy in hilly post-mining and subsidence-stable area of Southwest china

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2015年第2期8卷 46-57页

作者： Zhong Shouqin Wei Chaofu Liu Bo Zhang Weihua Du Jing Zhang Shichao key laboratory of arable land conservation(Southwest china) Ministry of AgricultureChongqing 400715China College of Resources and Environment Southwest UniversityChongqing 400715China

The paddy fields and water storage facilities are seriously damaged by the coal mine subsiding in the hilly post-mining and subsidence-stable areas in china,which make the farmers there being suffered greatly from the lack of water for traditional rice cultivation and daily *** purpose of this paper is to find a method to restore the damaged paddy fields,thereby promoting sustainable development of land resources,and alleviating the contradiction between people and land,as well as creating a more inhabitable *** research methodology included field experiments,cultivated observation,and field *** paper selected the Songzao Mining Area as the research area,and focused on the restoration technologies of damaged paddy fields,through the following four different measures at three experimental fields:(1)Traditional repeated cattle plowing(CK);(2)Water retention agent with repeated cattle plowing(W&C);(3)Film without holes under tilth depth(FO);and(4)Film with holes under tilth depth(FW).At last,a contrastive analysis of the four measures was made according to the results of the *** results show that the use of water retaining agent with repeated cattle plowing(W&C)can be the most appropriate method to restore the damaged paddy field in the hilly post-mining and subsidence-stable area in southwest *** with the other three measures,its water productivity is the maximum(0.81 kg/m3),and the net income is the highest(1403$/hm^(2)).What’s more,it is simple,short time-consuming,and low cost,which is benefit to generalize the use of this restoration technology.

关键词： land restoration damaged paddy field post-mining and subsidence-stable area water consumption hilly areas

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Shear strength features of soils developed from purple clay rock and containing less than two-millimeter rock fragments

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Journal of Mountain Science 2016年第8期13卷 1464-1480页

作者： ZHONG Shou-qin ZHONG Mang WEI Chao-fu ZHANG Wei-hua HU Fei-nan College of Resources and Environment Southwest University Chongqing 400715 china key laboratory of arable land conservation (Southwest china) Ministry of Agriculture Chongqing 400715 China

Soil shear strength is an important indicator of engineering design and an essential parameter of soil precision tillage and agricultural machinery and equipment design. Although numerous studies have investigated the characteristics of different soil shear strengths, only a few of these works have paid attention to soils containing considerable quantities of rock fragments. To date, most studies on the effects of rock fragments on the shear strength have paid attention to the role of rock fragments with sizes 〉2 mm. The effects of rock fragments 〈2 mm in soil are generally ignored. Similar to rock fragments 〉2 ram, the presence of rock fragments 〈2 mm could also change the mechanical properties of soils. Thus, in the present study we evaluated the potential influence of 〈2 mm rock fragments on soil shear strength via an unconsolidated undrained （UU） triaxial compression test. Our results were as follows：（1） A certain quantity of 〈2 mm rock fragments presented in purple soils developed from clay rocks; and an appropriate quantity of 〈2 mm rock fragments could improve the shear strength of soils. （2） The different PSDs of soils containin 〈2 mm rock fragment mainly caused variations in the internal friction angle of soils. （3） The shear strengths of the two mudstone-developed red-brown and gray-brown purple soils was more sensitive to water than that of the shale-developed coarse-dark purple soil. As the soil water content increased from 9% to 23%, the changes in the cohesion, internal friction angle, shear strength, and the maximum principal stress difference were smaller in the coarse dark purple soil than in the two other soils. We therefore concluded that 〈2 mm rock fragments in purple soils exerted important effects on soil shear strength. A better understanding of the differences among the shear strength features of purple soils could help improve the design of agricultural machinery and equipment.

关键词： Shear strength Purple soils Rockfragments Particle size distribution (PSD) Soil watercontent Triaxial test

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The inf luence of soil drying- and tillage-induced penetration resistance on maize root growth in a clayey soil

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2016年第5期15卷 1112-1120页

作者： LIN Li-rong HE Yang-bo CHEN Jia-zhou key laboratory of arable land conservation(Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River) Ministry of Agriculture Huazhong Agricultural University

Soil drying may induce a number of stresses on crops. This paper investigated maize（Zea mays L.） root growth as affected by drought and soil penetration resistance（PR）, which was caused by soil drying and tillage in a clayey red soil. Compared with conventional tillage（C） and deep tillage（D）, soil compaction（P） and no-till（N） significantly increased soil PR in the 0-15 cm layer. The PR increased dramatically as the soil drying increased, particularly in soil with a high bulk density. Increased soil PR reduced the maize root mass density distribution not only in the vertical profile（0-20 cm） but also in the horizontal layer at the same distance（0-5, 5-10, 10-15 cm） from the maize plant. With an increase in soil PR in pots, the maize root length, root surface area and root volume significantly decreased. Specifically, the maize root length declined exponentially from 309 to 64 cm per plant with an increase in soil PR from 491 to 3 370 k Pa; the roots almost stopped elongating when the soil PR was larger than 2 200 k Pa. It appeared that fine roots（〈2.5 mm in diameter） thickened when the soil PR increased, resulting in a larger average root diameter. The average root diameter increased linearly with soil PR, regardless of soil irrigation or drought. The results suggest that differences in soil PR caused by soil drying is most likely responsible for inconsistent root responses to water stress in different soils.

关键词： clayey soil root diameter root elongation soil compaction water stress

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Contributions of root cell wall polysaccharides to Cu sequestration in castor(Ricinus communis L.)exposed to different Cu stresses

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2020年第2期32卷 209-216页

作者： Chao Ren Yongbo Qi Guoyong Huang Shiyuan Yao Jinwei You Hongqing Hu key laboratory of arable land conservation(Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River) Ministry of AgricultureCollege of Resources and EnvironmentHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070China

Cell wall polysaccharides play a vital role in binding with toxic metals such as copper(Cu)***, it is still unclear whether the major binding site of Cu in the cell wall varies with different degrees of Cu ***, the contribution of each cell wall polysaccharide fraction to Cu sequestration with different degrees of Cu stresses also remains to be *** distribution of Cu in cell wall polysaccharide fractions of castor(Ricinus communis L.) root was investigated with various Cu concentrations in the hydroponic *** results showed that the hemicellulose1(HC1) fraction fixed 44.9%–67.8% of the total cell wall Cu under Cu *** addition, the pectin fraction and hemicelluloses2(HC2) fraction also contributed to the Cu binding in root cell wall,accounting for 11.0%–25.9% and 14.1%–26.6% of the total cell wall Cu under Cu treatments, *** the Cu levels were ≤ 25 μmol/L, pectin and HC2 contributed equally to Cu storage in root cell ***, when the Cu level was higher than 25 μmol/L, the ability of the pectin to bind Cu was easy to reach *** more Cu ions were bound on HC1 and HC2 fractions, and the HC2 played a much more important role in Cu binding than *** fourier transform infrared(FT-IR) and twodimensional correlation analysis(2 D-COS) techniques, the hemicellulose components were showed not only to accumulate most of Cu in cell wall, but also respond fastest to Cu stress.

关键词： Copper Cell wall Hemicellulose Pectin Two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy

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Water and salt movement in different soil textures under various negative irrigating pressures

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2016年第8期15卷 1874-1882页

作者： WANG Jia-jia HUANG Yuan-fang LONG Huai-yu Department of Soil and Water Sciences College of Resources and Environmental Sciences China Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (North China) Minstry of Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Land Quality Monitoring Ministry of Land and Resources Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

supported by the National High-Tech R＆D Program of china （2013AA102901）

关键词： negative pressure irrigation volumetric water content soil salt content soil texture

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Immobilization of lead in anthropogenic contaminated soils using phosphates with/without oxalic acid

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2015年第2期27卷 64-73页

作者： Xiaojuan Su Jun Zhu Qingling Fu Jichao Zuo Yonghong Liu Hongqing Hu key laboratory of arable land conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River) Ministry of Agriculture College of Resources and Environment Huazhong Agricultural University

Understanding the effects of oxalic acid（OA） on the immobilization of Pb（Ⅱ） in contaminated soils by phosphate materials, has considerable benefits for risk assessment and remediation strategies for the soil. A series of phosphate amendments with/without oxalic acid were applied to two anthropogenic contaminated soils. We investigated the immobilization of Pb（Ⅱ） by KH2PO4, phosphate rock（PR）, activated phosphate rock（APR） and synthetic hydroxyapatite（HAP） at different phosphate：Pb（P：Pb） molar ratios（0, 0.6, 2.0 and 4.0） in the presence/absence of 50 mmol oxalic acid/kg soil, respectively. The effects of treatments were evaluated using single extraction with deionized water or Ca Cl2, Community Bureau of Reference（BCR） sequential extraction and toxicity characteristic leaching procedure（TCLP）methods. Our results showed that the concentration of water extractable, exchangeable and TCLP-Pb all decreased with incubation time. The concentration of water-extractable Pb after120 days was reduced by 100% when soils were amended with APR, HAP and HAP ＋ OA, and the TCLP-Pb was 〈5 mg/L for the red soil at P：Pb molar ratio 4.0. Water-soluble Pb could not be detected and the TCLP-Pb was 〈5 mg/L at all treatments applied to the yellow-brown soil. BCR results indicated that APR was most effective, although a slight enhancement of water-soluble phosphate was detected at the P：Pb molar ratio 4.0 at the beginning of incubation. Oxalic acid activated phosphates, and so mixing insoluble phosphates with oxalic acid may be a useful strategy to improve their effectiveness in reducing Pb bioavailability.

关键词： Soil lead remediation Toxicity characteristics leaching procedure(TCLP) Phosphorous materials Oxalic acid Lead fraction

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