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Exceptional points and quantum dynamics in a non-Hermitian two-qubit system

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第6期33卷 212-218页

作者：张益玺张振涛杨震山魏晓志梁宝龙 School of Physics science and Information technology Shandong Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and TechnologyLiaocheng UniversityLiaocheng 252059China

We study the exceptional-point(EP) structure and the associated quantum dynamics in a system consisting of a non-Hermitian qubit and a Hermitian qubit. We find that the system possesses two sets of EPs, which divide the systemparameter space into PT-symmetry unbroken, partially broken and fully broken regimes, each with distinct quantumdynamics characteristics. Particularly, in the partially broken regime, while the PT-symmetry is generally broken in the whole four-dimensional Hilbert space, it is preserved in a two-dimensional subspace such that the quantum dynamics in the subspace are similar to those in the PT-symmetry unbroken regime. In addition, we reveal that the competition between the inter-qubit coupling and the intra-qubit driving gives rise to a complex pattern in the EP variation with system parameters.

关键词： non-Hermitian system exceptional point PT-symmetry

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Source apportionment and specific-source-site risk of quinolone antibiotics for effluent-receiving urban rivers and groundwater in a city, China

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2024年第10期144卷 185-198页

作者： Yu Zhao Yuanmeng Song Lulu Zhang Bo Zhao Mengqi Lu Jiansheng Cui Wenzhong Tang State key laboratory of Environmental aquatic Chemistry Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of ScienceBeijing 100085China College of Environment science and Engineering Hebei University of Science and TechnologyShijiazhuang 050000China University of Chinese Academy of sciences Beijing 100049China

There is a large surface-groundwater exchange downstream ofwastewater treatment plants(WWTPs),and antibiotics upstream may influence sites downstream of ***,samples from 9 effluent-receiving urban rivers(ERURs)and 12 groundwater sites were collected in Shijiazhuang City in December 2020 and April *** ERURs,8 out of 13 target quinolone antibiotics(QNs)were detected,and the total concentration of QNs in December and April were 100.6-4,398 ng/L and 8.02–2,476 ng/L,*** groundwater,all target QNs were detected,and the total QNs concentration was 1.09–23.03 ng/L for December and 4.54–170.3 ng/L for *** distribution of QNs was dissimilar between ERURs and *** QN concentrations were weakly correlated with land use types in the *** results of a positive matrix factorization model(PMF)indicated four potential sources of QNs in both ERURs and groundwater,and WWTP effluents were the main source of *** December to April,the contribution of WWTP effluents and agricultural emissions increased,while livestock activities *** value decomposition(SVD)results showed that the spatial variation of most QNs was mainly contributed by sites downstream(7.09%-88.86%)of ***,a new method that combined the results of SVD and PMF was developed for a specific-source-site risk quotient(SRQ),and the SRQ for QNs was at high level,especially for the sites downstream of *** temporal variation,the SRQ for WWTP effluents,aquaculture,and agricultural emissions ***,in order to control the antibiotic pollution,more attention should be paid to WWTP effluents,aquaculture,and agricultural emission sources for the benefit of sites downstream of WWTPs.

关键词： Source apportionment Singular value decomposition Positive matrix factorization model Quinolone antibiotics(QNs) Specific-source-site risk quotient(SRQ) WWTP effluents

Quantum key distribution over a mimicked dynamic-scattering channel

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science China(Information sciences) 2024年第4期67卷 323-330页

作者： Qi-Hang LU Fang-Xiang WANG Wei CHEN Hai-Yang FU Yin-Jie LU Shuang WANG De-Yong HE Zhen-Qiang YIN Guang-Can GUO Zheng-Fu HAN CAS key laboratory of Quantum Information University of Science and Technology of China CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics University of Science and Technology of China Hefei National laboratory University of Science and Technology of China

Free-space quantum key distribution(QKD) plays an important role in the global quantum network. However, free space channels suffer from the atmospheric turbulence and scattering effects of haze,fog, and dust, which significantly weaken the performance of QKD or even block the secure quantum ***, we prove the performance of QKD over a dynamic scattering channel can be enhanced significantly using a fast wavefront shaping technique. The system achieves on average 10-dB enhancement of quantum transmission efficiency and establishes a secure quantum link for QKD. Our work demonstrates the feasibility of QKD through free-space dynamic scattering channels and enhances the deployment capability of complex-channel QKD system.

关键词： quantum key distribution free space channel channel turbulence channel scattering wavefront shaping

Converting an O-vacancy-rich oxide into a multifunctional separator modifier for long-lifespan lithium metal batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第10期97卷 371-378页

作者： Juntao Si Xiaoying Li Yixuan Li Kuo Cao Yiran Zhu Chunhua Chen CAS key laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China

The lithium metal anode is hailed as the desired "holy grail" for the forthcoming generation of highenergy-density batteries,given its astounding theoretical capacity and low ***,the formation and growth of dendrites seriously compromise battery life and ***,an yttriastabilized bismuth oxide（YSB） layer is fabricated on the polypropylene（PP） separator,where YSB reacts with Li anode in-situ in the cell to form a multi-component composite interlayer consisting of Li3Bi,Li2O,and *** interlayer can function not only as a redistributor to regulate Li+distribution but also as an anion adsorber to increase the Li+transference number from 0.37 to 0.79 for suppressing dendrite nucleation and ***,compared with the cell with a baseline separator,those with modified separators exhibit prolonged lifespan in both Li/Li symmetrical cells and Li/Cu ***,the full cells coupled with ultrahigh-loading LiFePO4display an excellent cycling performance of 1700 cycles with a high capacity retention of ～80% at 1 C,exhibiting great potential for practical *** work provides a feasible and effective new strategy for separator modification towards building a much-anticipated dendrite-free Li anode and realizing long-lifespan lithium metal batteries.

关键词： Conversion-alloying reaction Dendrite-free Lithium metal battery Multifunctional interlayer Separator

Electronic effects on radiation damage inα-iron:A molecular dynamics study

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第3期33卷 521-529页

作者：江林李敏付宝勤崔节超侯氢 key laboratory for Radiation Physics and technology Institute of Nuclear Science and TechnologySichuan UniversityChengdu 610064China

Iron(Fe)-based alloys,which have been widely used as structural materials in nuclear reactors,can significantly change their microstructure properties and macroscopic properties under high flux neutron irradiation during operation,thus,the problems associated with the safe operation of nuclear reactors have been put forward *** this work,a molecular dynamics simulation approach combined with electronic effects is developed for investigating the primary radiation damage process inα-***,the influence of electronic effects on the collision cascade in Fe is systematically evaluated based on two commonly used interatomic potentials for *** simulation results reveal that both electronic stopping(ES)and electron-phonon coupling(EPC)can contribute to the decrease of the number of defects in the thermal spike *** application of ES reduces the number of residual defects after the cascade evolution,whereas EPC has a reverse *** introduction of electronic effects promotes the formation of the dispersive subcascade:ES significantly changes the geometry of the damaged region in the thermal spike phase,whereas EPC mainly reduces the extent of the damaged ***,the incorporation of electronic effects effectively mitigates discrepancies in simulation outcomes when using different interatomic potentials.

关键词： radiation damage electronic effects molecular dynamics simulation α-iron

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A novel integrated microfluidic chip for on-demand electrostatic droplet charging and sorting

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Bio-Design and Manufacturing 2024年第1期7卷 31-42页

作者： Jinhui Yao Chunhua He Jianxin Wang Canfeng Yang Ye Jiang Zhiyong Liu Guanglan Liao Tielin Shi State key laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Equipment and technology Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China

On-demand droplet sorting is extensively applied for the efficient manipulation and genome-wide analysis of individual ***,state-of-the-art microfluidic chips for droplet sorting still suffer from low sorting speeds,sample loss,and labor-intensive preparation ***,we demonstrate the development of a novel microfluidic chip that integrates droplet generation,on-demand electrostatic droplet charging,and high-throughput *** charging electrode is a copper wire buried above the nozzle of the microchannel,and the deflecting electrode is the phosphate buffered saline in the microchannel,which greatly simplifies the structure and fabrication process of the ***,this chip is capable of high-frequency droplet generation and sorting,with a frequency of 11.757 kHz in the drop *** chip completes the selective charging process via electrostatic induction during droplet ***-demand charged microdroplets can arbitrarilymove to specific exit channels in a three-dimensional(3D)-deflected electric field,which can be controlled according to user requirements,and the flux of droplet deflection is thereby significantly ***,a lossless modification strategy is presented to improve the accuracy of droplet deflection or harvest rate from 97.49% to 99.38% by monitoring the frequency of droplet generation in real time and feeding it back to the charging *** chip has great potential for quantitative processing and analysis of single cells for elucidating cell-to-cell variations.

关键词： Copper wire Droplet generation Droplet sorting Microfluidic chips On-demand charging

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λ/20-Thick cavity for mimicking electromagnetically induced transparency at telecommunication wavelengths

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Advanced Photonics 2024年第3期6卷 42-50页

作者： Hua Lu Shouhao Shi Dikun Li Shuwen Bo Jianxu Zhao Dong Mao Jianlin Zhao Northwestern Polytechnical University School of Physical Science and Technology MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions Key Laboratory of Light-Field Manipulation and Information Acquisition Ministry of Industry and Information TechnologyShaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information Technology

Optical cavities play crucial roles in enhanced light–matter interaction, light control, and optical communications, but their dimensions are limited by the material property and operating *** planar cavities are urgently in demand for large-area and integrated optical devices. However,extremely reducing the planar cavity dimension is a critical challenge, especially at telecommunication wavelengths. Herein, we demonstrate a type of ultrathin cavities based on large-area grown Bi2Te3topological insulator（TI） nanofilms, which present distinct optical resonance in the near-infrared region. The result shows that the Bi2Te3TI material presents ultrahigh refractive indices of >6 at telecommunication wavelengths. The cavity thickness can approach 1/20 of the resonance wavelength, superior to those of planar cavities based on conventional Si and Ge high refractive index materials. Moreover, we observed an analog of the electromagnetically induced transparency（EIT） effect at telecommunication wavelengths by depositing the cavity on a photonic crystal. The EIT-like behavior is derived from the destructive interference coupling between the nanocavity resonance and Tamm plasmons. The spectral response depends on the nanocavity thickness, whose adjustment enables the generation of obvious Fano *** experiments agree well with the simulations. This work will open a new door for ultrathin cavities and applications of TI materials in light control and devices.

关键词： Bismuth Tellurium Refractive index Nanofilms Photonic crystals Transparency Silver Telecommunications Crystals Plasmons

Cu-based materials for electrocatalytic CO2 to alcohols:Reaction mechanism,catalyst categories, and regulation strategies

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第10期97卷 593-611页

作者： Yaru Lei Yaxin Niu Xiaolong Tang Xiangtao Yu Xiubing Huang Xiaoqiu Lin Honghong Yi Shunzheng Zhao Jiaying Jiang Jiyue Zhang Fengyu Gao Beijing key laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants School of Energy and Environmental Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Steel technology University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing key laboratory of Function Materials for Molecule & Structure Construction School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing

Electrocatalytic CO2reduction reaction（CO2RR） technology,which enables carbon capture storage and resource utilization by reducing CO2to valuable chemicals or fuels,has become a global research hotspot in recent *** the many products of CO2RR（carbon monoxide,acids,aldehydes and alcohols,olefins,etc.）,alcohols（methanol,ethanol,propanol,etc.） have a higher market value and energy density,but it is also more difficult to *** is known to be effective in catalyzing CO2to high valueadded alcohols,but with poor *** progress of Cu-based catalysts for the selective generation of alcohols,including copper oxides,bimetals,single atoms and composites is ***,to improve Cu-based catalyst activity and modulate product selectivity,the modulation strategies are straighten out,including morphological regulation,crystalline surface,oxidation state,as well as elemental doping and defect *** on the research progress of electrocatalytic CO2reduction for alcohol production on Cu-based materials,the reaction pathways and the key intermediates of the electrocatalytic CO2RR to methanol,ethanol and propanol are ***,the problems of traditional electrocatalytic CO2RR are introduced,and the future applications of machine learning and theoretical calculations are *** in-depth discussion and a comprehensive review of the reaction mechanism,catalyst types and regulation strategies were carried out with a view to promoting the development of electrocatalytic CO2RR to alcohols.

关键词： Alcohols Cu-based catalyst Electrocatalytic CO2RR Reaction mechanism Regulation strategies

Evolution of MnO–SiO2–Al_(2)O_(3)–MgO inclusions during heat treatment at 1100℃

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2024年第5期31卷 1221-1231页

作者： Xu-bo Lei Jian-li Li Qiang Zeng Hang-yu Zhu Yue Yu The State key laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy Wuhan University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430081HubeiChina Hubei Provincial key laboratory for New Processes of Ironmaking and Steelmaking Wuhan University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430081HubeiChina key laboratory for Ferrous Metallurgy and Resources Utilization of Ministry of Education Wuhan University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430081HubeiChina

To investigate the evolutionary behavior of the MnO–SiO_(2)–Al_(2)O_(3)–MgO inclusions during heat treatment,water quenched samples were isothermally held at 1100°C for 120 min in Ar and air atmosphere,and the obtaining samples were analyzed by X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive *** showed that 3MnO·Al_(2)O_(3)·3SiO_(2)and MnO·SiO_(2)were detected in the 5 wt.%MgO system after isothermal holding in Ar atmosphere,while MgO·Al_(2)O_(3),MnO·SiO_(2)and Mn7O8·SiO4 were detected in air *** evolutionary behavior of the 10,15 and 20 wt.%MgO systems after isothermal holding in different atmosphere were *** affected the solid phase transformation of the low MgO content *** calculation results of FactSage 8.1 showed that MgO·Al_(2)O_(3)was formed in the 5 wt.%MgO system with air *** solid phase transformation was accompanied by grain coarsening during the isothermal holding *** differences in the solid phase transformation in different atmosphere of the 5 wt.%MgO system indicated that it was a gas-phase transport grain coarsening *** enrichment of Al element in the liquid phase region at the grain edges,the homogeneous distribution of Mg element and the disappearance of the liquid phase within the crystal revealed that other MgO content systems were liquid–solid transport grain coarsening mechanism.

关键词： Evolution Glassy phase Inclusion Heat treatment MgO·Al_(2)O_(3)